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abdomen > liver > Flashcards

liver Flashcards

1
Q

what are the surfaces of the liver?

A

the diaphragmatic, visceral, lateral, and apex surface

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2
Q

what makes up the diaphragmatic surface?

A

the superior, posterior, and anterior aspect of the liver

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3
Q

what makes up the visceral surface?

A

the inferior aspect of the liver

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4
Q

what is the subphrenic recess?

A

a zone that divides the liver and the diaphragm

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5
Q

how is the subphrenic recess divided again?

A

into right and left lobes by the falciform ligament

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6
Q

what is the hepatorenal recess?

A

the recess that divides the liver from the right kidney

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7
Q

what part of the visceral surface of the liver is covered with visceral peritoneum?

A

all of them except for the fossa for gallbladder and the porta hepatis

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8
Q

what structures are involved in the visceral surface of the liver?

A

esophagus, anterior kanan lambung, superior duodenum, lesser omentum, gallbladder, right co/lic flexure, transverse co/lon, kidney, dan juga suprarenal gland (Soviet Anthem)

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9
Q

apa fungsi falciform ligament dalam penempelan liver?

A

menempelkan liver ke dinding anterior abdomen

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10
Q

apa ligamen yang menempelkan liver ke diafragma?

A

anterior and posterior coronal ligament, right and left triangular ligament

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11
Q

apa ligament penempel hati ke struktur seperti … dan …?

A

lambung dan duodenum, ligamen hepatogastric dan hepatoduodenal

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12
Q

apa ligament penempel hati ke diafragma?

A

bagian liver yang menempel langsung ke diafragma tanpa peritoneum

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13
Q

di mana bare area pada liver?

A

posterosuperior

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14
Q

apa batasan anterior dari bare area liver?

A

anterior coronary ligament

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15
Q

what is the posterior border of the liver bare area?

A

posterior coronal ligament

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16
Q

what is the lateral border of the liver bare area?

A

the right triangular ligament

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17
Q

what is the medial border of the liver’s bare area?

A

vena cava inferior

18
Q

where does the quadrate lobe originate from?

A

the right lobe

19
Q

where does the caudate lobe originate from?

A

between the right and left lobe

20
Q

what are the borders of the quadrate lobe?

A

lateral: gallbladder fossa
medial: fissure for ligamentum teres

21
Q

what are the borders of the caudate lobe?

A

lateral: inferior vena cava
medial: fissure for ligamentum venosum

22
Q

what vascularizes the liver?

A

the right and left hepatic artery from the proper hepatic artery

23
Q

why are some hepatocytes binucleate?

A

aging, surgical resectioning, metabolic stress, they indicate insulin dysfunction

24
Q

bagaimana karakteristik hepatosit?

A

hexagonal, granula

25
Q

apa yang dilakukan dalam ostomy?

A

penempelan GI tract ke anterior abdomen

26
Q

what does ALT and AST stand for

A

alanine transferase and aspartate transferase

27
Q

what would you expect in patients with a liver disease?

A

ALT>AST

28
Q

why is ALT>AST in liver disease?

A

ALT is more specific to the liver, while the AST is more general

29
Q

if AST is high and ALT is normal, where is the damage?

A

most likely extrahepatic, consider muscle and check for CPK

30
Q

are there exceptions to the liver damage ALT>AST rule? why?

A

alcohol liver damage, alcohol rises AST, however AST clearance takes 36 hours while acute alcohol testing happens usually 24 hours within drinking

31
Q

where else is the source of ALP? (this can be used for diagnosis)

A

osteoblastic activity/osteoblasts

32
Q

what if there’s a sudden rise in ALP & GGT?

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

33
Q

why does alcohol increase GGT?

A

GGT is produced to detoxify alcohol

34
Q

how does cirrhosis contribute to the intrahepatic vasculature of its surrounding areas?

A

distortion causes portal hypertension

35
Q

what are the complications of cirrhosis (in terms of spleen)?

A

hypertension of splenic veins may lead to splenomegaly

36
Q

what are the complications of cirrhosis (in terms of vasculature)?

A

varicose at portosystemic anastomosis

37
Q

what does the hepatic portal system do?

A

drains blood from the viscera to the liver

38
Q

what drains these blood back to the heart?

A

the hepatic veins

39
Q

what does portal hypotension do to blood flow (in terms of collateral channels)?

A

blood flows to the anastomoses of the portosystemic veins

40
Q

where are the 3 largest anastomosis regions?

A

the gastroesophageal area (between gastric and esophagus veins [azygos])

the anus (superior rectal to the middle and inferior vein)

the anterior abdominal wall (the paraumbilical and the anterior abdominal veins)

41
Q

what are the varicose of these respective veins called?

A

varices at the anorectal junction
esophageal varices
caput medusae at umbilicus

abdomen (24 decks)

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