Lifespan Muscle Changes and Dysfunction Flashcards
What happens to our muscle mass / strength / functional capacity in the different stages of life?
- early life it grows rapidly
- adolescence and adult life it grows more slowly in the beginning and then slowly goes down
- older age is starts to deplete a bit faster
what happens in your older age if you make the right choices with your functional capacity at a young age?
you will have much better functional capacity than those who weren’t.
- unfit people go back down to the same muscle strength as almost a toddler (this is bad)
- fit people go to the muscle strength at the very end of early life as an elder (this is good) and they do not lose much muscle
what happens if you lose enough strength?
you wont be able to do things on your own (ex. showering)
- loss of independence
what can we do to have a higher muscle mass trajectory?
- increase PA
- technology
- occupational therapy
Peak height velocity happens later in males or females?
males. females start puberty and adolescence earlier
do males or females have higher skeletal muscle mass at all ages?
males
what happens to females fat free mass at around age 14
they experience plateau in the accumulation
what is the condition for us losing muscle mass as we get older
Sarcopenia
why is preservation of muscle mass important?
- higher levels of fundamental motor skills
- increased physical activity participation
- reduces rate of injuries
- enhancing changes in body composition
- improves skills and performance in sport
- essentially:
- life-long PA participation
- health (physical and mental)
- overall quality of life
what is sarcopenia caused by?
- disuse
- nutrition
- metabolic
- hormonal
- reduction in lean tissue
what does sarcopenia lead to?
- loss of strength and function
- increase risk of disability
- reduces quality of life and increases risk of death
- loss of independence
what is dynapenia?
- age related strength loss
what happens to our muscle fibers in sarcopenia?
- we lose sarcoplasmic volume
- we lose myofibril density
- reduction in cross-sectional area by fiber size
- we see losses in fiber numbers
- change in fiber type (preferential loss of type II fibers- most likely to experience disuse bc we are not power training)
muscle mass and _______ are not the same thing
strength
why do we lose strength as we get older?
we lose neuromuscular connections (big portion) as well as muscle mass (small portion)
older adults who participate in ______ _________ and _____ ________ __ have higher levels of muscle strength
more frequent and more intense PA
what is muscle strength highly associated with?
functional activities
what is acute muscle soreness?
- pain felt during and immediately after exercise
- lasts a few minutes to a couple hours
what is DOMS?
- delayed onset muscle soreness
- onset is 24-48hrs post exercise (strength training)
- can persist up to 3 days
symptoms of DOMS?
- tenderness to the touch
- ROM limitations due to pain/stiffness
- fatigue
- short term losses in strength
what is DOMS caused by?
- high intensity resistance exercise – weighted eccentric contractions
- inflammatory response to ‘micro-tears’ induced by training
- NOT lactate buildup
who is DOMS most common among?
- new exercisers
- new stimuli/type of training
do you need to feel soreness to have benefits from exercise?
no
DOMS alleviating symptoms?
- stretching
- massage
- none steroid anti-inflammatory drugs
- foam rolling
- heat/cold
Prevention of DOMS?
- hydration
- warm-up / cool-down
- slow progressions / appropriate intensity
What is rhabdomyolysis?
- breakdown of muscle caused by heavy heavy exercise
- translates to : striated muscle breakdown
What causes rhabdomyolysis?
- injury/trauma (even car accident)
- high intensity exercise with inadequate rest
- hot environments can exacerbate the onset
what is symptoms of rhabdomyolysis?
- weakness / soreness
- urine colour - dark brown / tea coloured (this is because byproducts of muscle breakdown is entering blood stream)
- muscle swelling
- can lead to kidney failure and death
- tested through creatine kinase in a urine test
treatment of rhabdomyolysis?
- physical therapy
- IV fluid / electrolytes
- dialysis
