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kine1020 winter term > Cancer Part 2 > Flashcards

Cancer Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: most mutations do not result in cancer

A

True

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2
Q

What does the word benign mean?

A

Not cancerous

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3
Q

What is the recommended screening for an average-risk women aged 50-74 for breast cancer?

A

A mammography every 2-3 years.

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4
Q

What is the 5 year survival rate for stage IV breast cancer?

A

22%

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5
Q

Risk factors for prostate cancer?

A

Family history, age, obesity, tall adult height, black ethnicity

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6
Q

What is the most common cancer in men?

A

Prostate cancer

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7
Q

What percent of men with prostate cancer were aged 50+?

A

99%

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8
Q

How many men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their lifetime?

A

1 in 9 men.

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9
Q

Where is the prostate gland located?

A

Right below the bladder and it wraps around the canal that urine and semen come out.

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10
Q

What happens to your prostate gland if there is a tumour in it?

A

It can block the channel.

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11
Q

Signs and symptoms of prostate cancer?

A
  • Urination problems
  • blood in urine or semen
  • erectile dysfunction
  • pain or stiffness in back, hips, or pelvis
  • fatigue
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12
Q

What is the probability of surviving prostate cancer at least 5 years after diagnosing it?

A

About 93%, it is not an essential organ.

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13
Q

What is the 3rd most common cancer in Canada?

A

Colorectal cancer

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14
Q

Signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer?

A
  • Persistent change in bowel movements
  • blood in stool
  • abdominal pain or discomfort
  • weight loss
  • fatigue
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15
Q

What are the risks for colorectal cancer?

A

Aging, physical inactivity, smoking tobacco, alcohol intake, obesity, diet high in processed or red meat, family history, inflammatory bowel disease.

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16
Q

Why are high fiber foods like fruits and vegetables, and whole grains good to decrease risk for colon cancer?

A

They are not digestible by your body so they clean out your colons and promote bowel movement.

17
Q

What is the probability of surviving colorectal cancer at least 5 years after diagnosis?

A

65%

18
Q

Which is more common, a colonoscopy or a sigmoidoscopy?

A

Sigmoidoscopy (camera does not go all the way) even though people call them both colonoscopy

19
Q

Signs and symptoms of lung cancer?

A
  • Persistent cough
  • shortness of breath
  • chest pain
  • Weight loss
  • bone pain
  • headache
20
Q

What percentage of lung cancer cases are aged 50 +?

A

98%

21
Q

What is the most common cancer in Canada?

A

Lung cancer

22
Q

Risk factors for lung cancer?

A

Smoking, exposure to second hand, exposure to radon gas, aging, air pollution, exposure to carcinogens

23
Q

What percentage of lung cancer is diagnosed at stage IV?

A

50%

24
Q

What is the probability of surviving lung cancer 5 years after being diagnosed?

A

19%

25
Q

How can 4 in 10 cancer cases be prevented?

A
  • Be smoke free
  • keep a healthy diet
  • be safe in the sun
    -Avoid certain substances (asbestos) at work
  • protect against certain infections
  • Drink less alcohol
  • eat a high fibre diet
  • avoid unnecessary radiation
  • cut down on processed meat
  • avoid air pollution
  • breastfeed if possible
  • be more active
  • minimize HRT use
26
Q

Does exercise reduce the risk for all cancers?

A

No, only some

27
Q

What are the main treatments for cancer?

A

Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy

28
Q

When is surgery treatment most effective in cancer treatment? What is its main goal?

A

When it’s in an early stage. Main goal is to completely remove the tumour or cancerous tissue

29
Q

What happens during radiotherapy treatment for cancer?

A
  • Directs high energy X-ray beams at tumours, so damages cancer cel’s DNA, but also healthy cells.
30
Q

What happens during chemotherapy for cancer treatment?

A
  • Either take pills or injected through the bloodstream
  • targets cancer cells
31
Q

How does radiation therapy damage cells?

A
  • By destroying the genetic material that controls how cells grow and divide.
  • both healthy and cancerous cells are damaged by radiation therapy
32
Q

Can radiation therapy be done on the whole body at a time or only small areas?

A

Only small areas

33
Q

Why do we need different drugs to target each different cell?

A

Each cancer cell is a bit different, so the receptors on those cells are different.

34
Q

Why is a biopsy important in cancer treatment?

A

So doctors know what approach will work best for that type of cancer.

35
Q

Why have age standardized mortality rates for most cancers improved?

A
  • Screening, diagnosis, and treatment

kine1020 winter term (28 decks)

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