Cardiovascular Disease Part 2 Flashcards
True or false: I love my man
True
True or false: I love you more
True
True or false: you love me more
False
What type of muscle does LDL enter?
Smooth muscle
How to lower cholesterol? Why?
- Diet (lower saturated fat intake)
- weight loss
- exercise
- medications (statins)
Why? - your adipose tissue can release fatty acids into the blood that go to the liver, and than the liver secretes LDL, your dietary fat again gets broken down into fatty acids, which go to the liver, then repackages and ships it off as LDL
Does narrow arteries mean increased or decreased pressure?
Increased.
Our heart beats and relaxes, which is our systole and which is our diastole?
Heart beat: systole, heart relaxes: diastole
What is an optimal blood pressure?
S/ D = 120 / 80
What is a hypertensive blood pressure?
S/ D = 140/90
Consequences of hypertension in the brain?
Pop of a blood vessel (Aneurysms) that can lead to a stroke.
Consequences of hypertension in eyes
Blindness
Consequences of hypertension in heart
Heart attack or a myocardial infarction
Consequences of hypertension in kidneys
Kidney damage
Consequences of hypertension in arteries
Can lead to general clots and high blood pressure further in the rest of your body.
what are the three things that can be regulated from CVD medications?
Heart Rate, Blood volume and relaxes blood vessels
What happens when part of the heart is blocked off?
the parts start to die due to not enough blood circulation. the parts get hard which makes it harder for the heart to beat because its not as elastic
Risk Factors for having a heart attack (myocardial infarction)
age, hypertension, high red blood cell count, blood cholestrol, diabetes, smoking, ethnicity
Heart attack symptoms
sweating or cold, clammy skin, nausea and vomiting, discomfort in chest, pain may radiate to jaw, shoulder, arm, neck or back, shortness of breath, fainting
Women are more likely to report what pain if they are having a heart attack?
jaw, neck or back pain (another may be extreme fatigue)
Men are more likely to report what pain if they are having a heart attack?
chest pain
Appropriate action within the first ___ minutes of a heart attack can reverse its affects
60
What do doctors do if you have chest pain?
- electrocardiogram (put pads on chest) (EKG or ECG)
- Stress test
- Angiography (look at blood vessels in the heart)
what is an electrocardiogram?
- simple test that detects and records the electrical activity of your heart
- patterns will tell doctors if there has been a past heart attack or a current heart attack based on heart beat and signals
what can be found based on electrical conductivity of heart tissues?
slow heart beat, fast heart beat, heart not contracting properly, previous or current heart attack
Why do we do stress tests?
sometimes we cannot find what is wrong with the heart until we make it beat faster
What happens during an Angiography?
dye is put into your heart and then pictures are taken using radiation so doctors can see if there is anywhere the dye has not reached to indicate blood clots not allowing for blood flow.
treatment for angina?
- Lifestyle changes (diet, PA, quit smoking, etc.)
- Medications (nitrates is the most common which relaxes and widens blood vessels)
What is an angioplasty?
a deflated balloon with a cage(stent) around it is inserted into the narrow lumen, balloon then inflates and opens up the blocked vessel and the cage remains opened to maintain blood flow to the heart. happens in arteries
Angioplasty is meant to help with?
Angina, so improving your quality years. although, does not make you survive longer.
How does a [Coronary Graft] Bypass restore blood flow?
Take a vein from leg or artery from armpit and sew it from aorta and bypass the blocked area to restore blood flow. (instead of entire circulation from heart, blood goes straight from aorta to area with no blood flow because of the help of an artery or vein from elsewhere on body)
