Infectious Diseases Part 1 Flashcards
True or False: infectious disease is something to worry about when you get older
true
What is a pathogen
anything that can make you sick. they are everywhere
classes of infectious agents
bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, prions
bacteria vs viruses
bacteria: organisms (cells that are living, own organelles) ex. e. coli, tetanus, tuberculosis
Viruses: smaller, combination of proteins, use our bodies DNA/RNA cells and organelles to reproduce
will antibiotics help with viruses?
no, only bacterial infections
what is fungus?
forms black mold. if spores are inhaled, you can get sick
true or false: toxins from mold can survive cooking
FALSE, do not cook moldy food
what is a parasite?
organisms that live off of the host that can carry disease
Treatment for mad cow disease
none
how pathogens enter the human body
vector-borne: being bitten
contaminated medical supplies
direct penetration (a worm can directly go in)
ocular (in through eyes)
respiratory: breath it in
oral: eat it
Urogenitcal/rectal
how does the cycle of infection happen?
pathogen enter your body, reproduces inside you, leaves and goes to next person
how do you deal with the transmission of any diseases?
all are different. based off of how it is transmitted is how you can prevent spreading the disease
True or false: after entering the body, the pathogen always leads to infection or disease
false. our immune system
what can tears from your eyes do in terms of bacteria?
filter bacteria out so it does not get in
what is an immediate inflammatory response for?
to kill things as soon as they enter the body
what happens during an immediate inflammatory response? (why we wont get sick)
when something enters the body, histamines attract white blood cells, blood flow is increase to bring more WBC, the white blood cells attack the infection, and pus is the collection of dead white blood cells and debris, platelets seal the wound
explain phagocytosis
WBC engulf (eat) pathogens, trap it in an enzyme that will break it down
what is the innate immunity?
the immune system we are born with. how our body knows how to attack diseases (immediate inflammatory response is an example of this)
what is the adaptive immunity?
our learned immune system. you know the signals of what that virus is, responses remember antigens. every virus has a marker that your body can recognize
- basically remembers antigens from getting it before and recognizes it should not be in the cell
explain how adaptive immunity works
virus that has antigens, macrophages consume viruses and display their antigen, helper T cells read info and send productive of beta and T cells, the T cells and natural killers will destroy the infected body cells and the beta cells produce antibodies that bind to the virus and macrophages will identify these viruses that are attached by the antibodies, and body remembers these.
- these are the antibodies i use to kill off this virus
disorders of the immune system
- deficiency
- overactive
- attacks yourself
immune system can become deficient from?
born with it, smoking, poor nutrition, alcohol, stress
what is an overactive immune system?
the innate immune system response to things that are not harmful (dust, pollen and food [essentially allergies])
examples: asthma, eczema
