Lesson 5 Chapter 1 - CPU Technology Flashcards
What does ALU stand for when it comes to the CPU?
rap
Arithmetic Logic Unit
What does the ALU do, where does it take data from? How important is it?
werk
The ALU is the primary processing component in the CPU and takes the data from the registers, processes it, and copies it back into the registers and repeats
What does CU stand for?
Control Unit
What does the CU do in terms of data? (2)
Movies, Video games, HR, Tunnels
The control unit is the boss and directs and controls the movement of internal CPU data as well as data going in and out of the CPU
What are registers? What do they hold? (2)
werk
- Registers are memory circuits and the workbench area for the CPU
- it holds both data waiting to be processed and data already processed
Early Pentium CPUs used what bit processors? What do modern CPUs use?
Early Pentium CPUs used 32-bit
Modern CPUs use 64-bit
What are the 3 circuits located inside a CPU?
A, C, R
- Arithmetic Logic Unit
- Control Unit
- Register
What type of memory do modern CPUs have multiple sets of?
ESD, $
Static RAM (SRAM) called cache
What do the caches do in a modern CPU?
The caches in a modern CPU store the data that the CPU has either just worked with or is about to work with
What’s the difference between static and dynamic RAM?
re, countdown
Dynamic RAM can only store a small amount of data and needs to be refreshed constantly.
Static RAM does not need to be refreshed and is ideal for improved performance
Which one is normal system RAM, static or dynamic RAM?
Dynamic RAM
Which level cache do all the cores share?
L3 cache is shared by all the cores
What type of memory are CPU caches?
SRAM
Which level cache is closest to the CPU core and the fastest?
L1 cache is the closest and fastest
What’s a “bus”?
route
A bus is a pathway between two components of a computer system
What’s an address bus?
beep beep, route
An address bus is the pathway between the RAM and the CPU that transfers data
What’s an address space?
number, max
An address space is represented by the number of wires on the address bus which defines the maximum amount of RAM a CPU can address
If you have a 32-bit address bus (not a modern CPU), what’s the maximum amount of memory the CPU can address?
power
2 ^32
(4GB)
How many bytes is equal to 4GB roughly?
4 billion
What is a CPU clock speed?
period, time
The CPU clock speed represents how many calculation cycles the CPU performs in a second
What’s another name for a CPU clock speed?
Frequency
What is clock speed measured in? How do you measure billions of calculation cycles per second? (2)
1:1, car rental company
Clock speed is measured per second Hertz (Hz)
Billions of calculation cycles in a second Gigahertz (GHz)
What are 2 things that determine the CPU clock speed?
max, max
- Max speed of the CPU set by the manufacturer
- Max speed the motherboard can handle set by the system crystal
What sets the max speed of the CPU, and what about the motherboard?
source, method
CPU: manufacturer
Motherboard: system crystal
What is a system crystal?
birth stone, race, pendulum, fed
the heartbeat of the motherboard
The system crystal is a quartz crystal circuit that oscillates at a fixed frequency when fed current
Modern CPUs run at a multiple of the _____ clock speed
motherboard
How do today’s CPUs report to the motherboard?
license
Today’s CPUs report to the motherboard by CPUID
CPU identifier
The system bus speed and the multiplier are often set _______?
automatically (in modern CPUs)
What do ZIF sockets stand for?
Zero Insertion Force
What are ZIF sockets and where are they located?
ZIF sockets are special sockets on the motherboard that hold the CPU in place (come with an arm to attach the CPU)
It matches the pins, balls, or pads on the CPU
What do modern sockets names like “Socket LGA 2066” reflect?
They reflect the number of contact points in the CPU socket (AMD CPUs don’t do this)
What makes up a process? What are they called?
string… of numbers…. 50 cent
Threads (or subunits) make up a process
Can a process have more than one thread?
Yes, there can be many threads for a single process
What is multithreading on modern CPUs?
fatality, strings, 1, apple
Multi-threading on modern CPUs allow a single core to execute multiple threads but are limited to just that core’s resources
What’s another word for thread?
50 cent
subunit
Most new CPUs are …. ? Older CPUs are … ?
Most new CPUs are 64-bit (x64)
Older CPUs are 32-bit (x86)
How much RAM can 32-bit CPUs allocate to a process?
4GB
How much RAM can 64-bit CPUs support?
Hundreds of Terabytes
:#, truck
How big are the address and general-purpose registers in a 64-bit CPU? What’s the benefit of this?
64-bit CPUs have 64-bit wide pathways that allow more data to travel to/from RAM
What is a multi-core CPU?
CPU has more than one processor core
How many cores do today’s CPUs have, around?
16
What is hardware virtualization? How does the CPU provide this? (2)
logic
- Hardware virtualization creates virtual versions of physical computers
- The CPU defines the virtual environment and provides the logical structure to support it
Name Intel and AMD’s built in support for hardware virtualization (3)
1 intel, 2 amd
- Virtual Technology Extensions (VT-X)
- AMD-V
- Secure Virtual Machine (SVM)
CPUs contain instruction sets. What are these?
leader, stage, math
Instruction sets are sets of commands that tell the CPU how to perform calculations (adding, subtracting, etc)
,
What does the OS give the CPU when it asks it to do something? (2)
- Numerical value to calculate
- Numerical code representing the instruction set on how to calculate it
CPUs that can recognize a lot of different instructions are called __ __ __ __ (4). What’s the abbreviation also?
complex instruction set computer CISC
What is a RISC computer?
reduced instruction set computer
What’s the benefit of having a RISC computer?
tiny
The instruction set is smaller, and more targeted which allows for better efficiency as it’s not bogged down by a larger instruction set but are less versatile
What’s a popular RISC instruction set?
leg
ARM processor (Advanced RISC machine)
Where are ARM processors found in? (3)
dumb, convertible
- smartphones
- tablets
- other portable electronic communication devices
When selecting CPUs, keep in mind that few applications take advantage of ____ ____ (2)
multicore CPUs
What type of CPU would be best for a client with a workstation that primarily handles documents, email, and the Web?
a regular CPU, quad-core
CPUs use _____ for cache
SRAM
The number of wires on the address bus determine the ____ ____ (2)
address space
