Lesson 5 Chapter 1 - CPU Technology

Question 1

What does ALU stand for when it comes to the CPU?

rap

Answer 1

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Question 2

What does the ALU do, where does it take data from? How important is it?

werk

Answer 2

The ALU is the primary processing component in the CPU and takes the data from the registers, processes it, and copies it back into the registers and repeats

Question 3

What does CU stand for?

Answer 3

Control Unit

Question 4

What does the CU do in terms of data? (2)

Movies, Video games, HR, Tunnels

Answer 4

The control unit is the boss and directs and controls the movement of internal CPU data as well as data going in and out of the CPU

Question 5

What are registers? What do they hold? (2)

werk

Answer 5

1. Registers are memory circuits and the workbench area for the CPU
2. it holds both data waiting to be processed and data already processed

Question 6

Early Pentium CPUs used what bit processors? What do modern CPUs use?

Answer 6

Early Pentium CPUs used 32-bit
Modern CPUs use 64-bit

Question 7

What are the 3 circuits located inside a CPU?

A, C, R

Answer 7

1. Arithmetic Logic Unit
2. Control Unit
3. Register

Question 8

What type of memory do modern CPUs have multiple sets of?

ESD, $

Answer 8

Static RAM (SRAM) called cache

Question 9

What do the caches do in a modern CPU?

Answer 9

The caches in a modern CPU store the data that the CPU has either just worked with or is about to work with

Question 10

What’s the difference between static and dynamic RAM?

re, countdown

Answer 10

Dynamic RAM can only store a small amount of data and needs to be refreshed constantly.

Static RAM does not need to be refreshed and is ideal for improved performance

Question 11

Which one is normal system RAM, static or dynamic RAM?

Answer 11

Dynamic RAM

Question 12

Which level cache do all the cores share?

Answer 12

L3 cache is shared by all the cores

Question 13

What type of memory are CPU caches?

Answer 13

SRAM

Question 14

Which level cache is closest to the CPU core and the fastest?

Answer 14

L1 cache is the closest and fastest

Question 15

What’s a “bus”?

route

Answer 15

A bus is a pathway between two components of a computer system

Question 16

What’s an address bus?

beep beep, route

Answer 16

An address bus is the pathway between the RAM and the CPU that transfers data

Question 17

What’s an address space?

number, max

Answer 17

An address space is represented by the number of wires on the address bus which defines the maximum amount of RAM a CPU can address

Question 18

If you have a 32-bit address bus (not a modern CPU), what’s the maximum amount of memory the CPU can address?

power

Answer 18

2 ^32

(4GB)

Question 19

How many bytes is equal to 4GB roughly?

Answer 19

4 billion

Question 20

What is a CPU clock speed?

period, time

Answer 20

The CPU clock speed represents how many calculation cycles the CPU performs in a second

Question 21

What’s another name for a CPU clock speed?

Answer 21

Frequency

Question 22

What is clock speed measured in? How do you measure billions of calculation cycles per second? (2)

1:1, car rental company

Answer 22

Clock speed is measured per second Hertz (Hz)
Billions of calculation cycles in a second Gigahertz (GHz)

Question 23

What are 2 things that determine the CPU clock speed?

max, max

Answer 23

1. Max speed of the CPU set by the manufacturer
2. Max speed the motherboard can handle set by the system crystal

Question 24

What sets the max speed of the CPU, and what about the motherboard?

source, method

Answer 24

CPU: manufacturer
Motherboard: system crystal

Question 25

What is a system crystal? birth stone, race, pendulum, fed the heartbeat of the motherboard

Answer 25

The system crystal is a quartz crystal circuit that oscillates at a fixed frequency when fed current

Question 26

Modern CPUs run at a multiple of the _____ clock speed

Answer 26

motherboard

Question 27

How do today's CPUs report to the motherboard? license

Answer 27

Today's CPUs report to the motherboard by CPUID CPU identifier

Question 28

The system bus speed and the multiplier are often set _______?

Answer 28

automatically (in modern CPUs)

Question 29

What do ZIF sockets stand for?

Answer 29

Zero Insertion Force

Question 30

What are ZIF sockets and where are they located?

Answer 30

ZIF sockets are special sockets on the motherboard that hold the CPU in place (come with an arm to attach the CPU) It matches the pins, balls, or pads on the CPU

Question 31

What do modern sockets names like "Socket LGA 2066" reflect?

Answer 31

They reflect the number of contact points in the CPU socket (AMD CPUs don't do this)

Question 32

What makes up a process? What are they called? string... of numbers.... 50 cent

Answer 32

Threads (or subunits) make up a process

Question 33

Can a process have more than one thread?

Answer 33

Yes, there can be many threads for a single process

Question 34

What is multithreading on modern CPUs? fatality, strings, 1, apple

Answer 34

Multi-threading on modern CPUs allow a single core to execute multiple threads but are limited to just that core's resources

Question 35

What's another word for thread? 50 cent

Answer 35

subunit

Question 36

Most new CPUs are .... ? Older CPUs are ... ?

Answer 36

Most new CPUs are 64-bit (x64) Older CPUs are 32-bit (x86)

Question 37

How much RAM can 32-bit CPUs allocate to a process?

Answer 37

4GB

Question 38

How much RAM can 64-bit CPUs support?

Answer 38

Hundreds of Terabytes

Question 39

How big are the address and general-purpose registers in a 64-bit CPU? What's the benefit of this? #:#, truck

Answer 39

64-bit CPUs have 64-bit wide pathways that allow more data to travel to/from RAM

Question 40

What is a multi-core CPU?

Answer 40

CPU has more than one processor core

Question 41

How many cores do today's CPUs have, around?

Answer 41

16

Question 42

What is hardware virtualization? How does the CPU provide this? (2) logic

Answer 42

1. Hardware virtualization creates virtual versions of physical computers 2. The CPU defines the virtual environment and provides the logical structure to support it

Question 43

Name Intel and AMD's built in support for hardware virtualization (3) 1 intel, 2 amd

Answer 43

1. Virtual Technology Extensions (VT-X) 2. AMD-V 3. Secure Virtual Machine (SVM)

Question 44

CPUs contain instruction sets. What are these? leader, stage, math

Answer 44

Instruction sets are sets of commands that tell the CPU how to perform calculations (adding, subtracting, etc)

Question 45

What does the OS give the CPU when it asks it to do something? (2) #, #

Answer 45

1. Numerical value to calculate 2. Numerical code representing the instruction set on how to calculate it

Question 46

CPUs that can recognize a lot of different instructions are called __ __ __ __ (4). What's the abbreviation also?

Answer 46

complex instruction set computer CISC

Question 47

What is a RISC computer?

Answer 47

reduced instruction set computer

Question 48

What's the benefit of having a RISC computer? tiny

Answer 48

The instruction set is smaller, and more targeted which allows for better efficiency as it's not bogged down by a larger instruction set but are less versatile

Question 49

What's a popular RISC instruction set? leg

Answer 49

ARM processor (Advanced RISC machine)

Question 50

Where are ARM processors found in? (3) dumb, convertible

Answer 50

1. smartphones 2. tablets 3. other portable electronic communication devices

Question 51

When selecting CPUs, keep in mind that few applications take advantage of ____ ____ (2)

Answer 51

multicore CPUs

Question 52

What type of CPU would be best for a client with a workstation that primarily handles documents, email, and the Web?

Answer 52

a regular CPU, quad-core

Question 53

CPUs use _____ for cache

Answer 53

SRAM

Question 54

The number of wires on the address bus determine the ____ ____ (2)

Answer 54

address space