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CompTIA A+ Certification Prep 1: Hardware > Lesson 10 Chapter 2 - Formatting > Flashcards

Lesson 10 Chapter 2 - Formatting Flashcards

1
Q

What is a file system?

is like a big _______ that tracks what

A

A filesystem is like a big spreadsheet that tracks what piece of data is stored where

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2
Q

What are the 3 of the several different file systems Windows versions supports?

F, N, e

A
  1. FAT32
  2. NTFS
  3. exFAT
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3
Q

What file system does Linux use natively and which does it support? (4)

A

Linux is super flexible
1. ext file systems are native to Linux
2. supports reading/writing NTFS
3. supports all versions of FAT (12, 16, 32)
4. supports reading of HFS+ (older FS on Macs)

[It can’t read/write Apple File System (APFS) the modern FS for Macs but utilities are available for macOS that will enable it]

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4
Q

What is FAT an acronym for?

A

File Allocation Table

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5
Q

Which FAT was the original FAT?

A

FAT16

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6
Q

If you have an old hard drive formatted with FAT16, how would you read what’s on it since Windows 10 + 11 don’t support it? (2)

A
  1. Install an OS that supports FAT16 in a virtual machine
  2. Use an old PC with OS that supports it

(then copy its data to another drive with a format that Windows 10 + 11 do support)

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7
Q

FAT32 supports partitions up to what size? And files can be no larger than what size? (2)

A
  1. Supports partitions up to 2 TB
  2. Individual files can be no larger than 4GB
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8
Q

What’s the difference between MBR’s size limit and FAT32’s size limit?

A

MBR = 2.2 TB per physical storage device limit
FAT32 = 2 TB per partition limit

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9
Q

Most operating systems support ______, which makes it a good choice if you’re going to share a (external) drive between different OS

A

FAT32

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10
Q

What do you do if you need to use FAT32 on a drive that has more than 2TB capacity?

A

You can partition the drive into 2TB volume sizes

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11
Q

All versions of ___ lack any security features

A

FAT

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12
Q

What are 5 things that NTFS supports (on Windows)?

supports _____ up to ____, built-in c and e, disk ___, expanding d…., local file ___

A
  1. Supports partitions up to 16 TB
  2. Built-in compression and encryption
  3. Disk quotas
  4. Expanding dynamic partitions on the fly
  5. Local file security
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13
Q

What happens if you try to create a 4 TB NTFS volume using MBR?

*NTFS supports up to 16 TB partitions
*MBR supports up to ____ partitions
*GPT supports up to 9.7 ZB partitions

A

You would be limited to 2.2TB as MBR doesn’t support anything over that.

The partition could be 4TB if using GPT! :)

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14
Q

In the Disk Management utility, partition = _____

A

partition = volume

same term used

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15
Q

What type of table does NTFS use to keep track of the locations of files and folders?

A

Master File Table (MFT)

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16
Q

All modern versions of Windows use ____ as the default file system

A

NTFS

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17
Q

Where does an NTFS partition store the backup copy it makes of the critical parts of the MFT?

A

In the middle of the disk to reduce the chance a serious drive error can wipe out both the MFT and MFT partial copy

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18
Q

What is the Windows utility EFS stand for? In what edition of Windows is it not available? (2)

A

EFS = encrypting file system [encrypts files and folders, unreadable w/o key]

It’s not available in the Home edition of Windows

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19
Q

What does the encrypting file system (EFS) do?

makes them… without a

A

the EFS encrypts files and folders to make them unreadable without a key

20
Q

What is another name for exFAT?

A

FAT64

21
Q

exFAT supports partitions of up to __ ___ and file sizes up to ___ ____

A

exFAT supports partitions up to 128 Petabytes (PB) and files up to 16 exabytes (EB)

(no compression or encryption features)

22
Q

What does ext4 stand for?

A

Fourth Extended Filesystem

23
Q

What OS uses ext4?

A

Linux uses ext4

24
Q

The ext4 file system supports volumes up to 1 ____ with file sizes up to ___ ___

*on A+ exam

A

ext4 supports volumes up to 1 exabytes (EB) and file sizes up to 16 TB

(is also backwards compatible with ext 2 and 3)

25
Q

What does it mean when an ext4 system is backwards compatible with ext2 and 3?

A

you can mount an ext3 volume as an ext4 volume with no problems

26
Q

1 petabyte is equal to how many terabytes?

A

1,000 TB = 1 PB

27
Q

1 Exabyte = How many Gigabytes?

A

1 billion Gigabytes = 1 Exabyte

1,000,000,000 GB = 1 Exabyte

28
Q

What file systems does Linux support besides its native ext file systems? (3)

A
  1. read/write NTFS
  2. All versions of FAT
  3. Read HFS+ (older FS used on Macs)
29
Q

What file systems does macOS use? (2)

A
  1. Hierarchical File System Plus (HFS+) - classic file system
  2. Apple File System (APFS) - all new Macs
30
Q

Like Windows and Linux, macOS can read and write to ____ and _____, but can only read ____ (3)

A

macOS can read and write to FAT32 and exFAT, but can only read NTFS

31
Q

What are volume labels?

A

They are the names you can assign to a volume

32-character limit for NTFS
11 characters with no spaces for all FAT

32
Q

What’s a benefit of using allocation units (clusters) that isn’t speed?

decreases b

A

Working with clusters/allocation units instead of individual sectors decreases the administrative burden on the volume’s management

33
Q

For allocation size units, what is the best choice?

A

The allocation unit size that is the default as it’s based on the size of the volume being formatted.

34
Q

What does quick format do?

replaces the

A

Replaces the existing FAT or MFT with a blank one

35
Q

When is it appropriate to use the quick format option?

A

When reformatting a volume that has already been formatted

36
Q

What are 3 ways you can format a disk?

A
  1. From the command prompt with the command format
  2. From File Explorer (right-click drive on all versions of Windows)
  3. From Disk Management
37
Q

What 2 errors would you see from failure to format a drive properly?

A
  1. “Drive is not accessible” when trying to access it
  2. From a C:\ prompt, “invalid media” type error
38
Q

What’s another reason the “invalid media” type error would appear?

A

Corrupted files

39
Q

What tool do you use to check formatting errors?

A

Error checking utility to check and repair file errors

40
Q

What does it mean when you see a “Trying to recover lost allocation unit ##,###”?

A

The drive has run across a bad sector within a cluster and is trying to fix it

41
Q

What do you do if you see “Trying to recover lost allocation unit ##,###” a lot on a new drive?

A

If you see this a lot, the drive is dying! Replace it and run the drive manufacturer’s diagnostic to make sure

42
Q

What are 2 limitations of using the Windows-supplied partitioning and formatting tool?

Can’t delete…. , May need to load…

A
  1. Can’t delete a dynamic volume, need to use Disk Management
  2. May need to load drivers to work with a drive connected through an expansion card (click Load Driver option in install process)
43
Q

What was the default file system for USB drives for many years?

A

FAT32

44
Q

Microsoft developed ____ to replace FAT32

A

exFAT

45
Q

1 Exabyte (EB) = ? Petabytes (PB)

A

1 EB = 1,000 PB

CompTIA A+ Certification Prep 1: Hardware (49 decks)

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