Lesson 3 - Physical Features, Geological-Geographical Foundation And Peopling Of The Philippines Flashcards
1
Q
What are the three (3) identified hypothesis about the geological and geographical foundation of the Philippines
A
- Part of the Pacific Lost Continent
- Volcanic Origin
- Land Bridges
2
Q
Believed that the Philippines was a remnant of a vast continent in the Pacific that had sunk during pre-historic times
A
Part of Pacific Lost Continent
3
Q
What was the lost pacific continent called?
A
“Lemuria” or “Mu”
4
Q
What were the other remnants of the lost pacific continent other than the Philippines?
A
- Borneo
- Celebes
- Java
- Sumatra
- other islands of the Pacific
5
Q
The Philippines was born due to the eruptions of sea volcanoes in remote epochs.
A
Volcanic Origin
6
Q
Who proposed the volcanic origin hypothesis?
A
Dr. Bailey Willis, geological engineer
7
Q
Resulted in the formation of islands in the Philippines
A
Spewed magma piled up and cooled down
8
Q
Why do other believe the volcanic origin hypothesis?
A
Because of the presence of several active volcanoes
9
Q
The Philippines is within what is called the __ __
A
Seismic belt (Pacific Ring of Fire)
10
Q
Theory suggests that the Philippines was once part of a landmass bridging
A
Land Bridges
11
Q
What were the countries that was once part of a landmass bridging?
A
- China
- Asian Mainland
- Borneo
- Indonesia
- New Guinea
- Australia
12
Q
When did the world’s ice sheet melt?
A
During the post-glacial age about 250,000 years ago
13
Q
The two (2) extensions of continents, otherwise known as continental shelves, exposed during glacial periods
A
- Sunda Shelf
- Sahul Shelf
14
Q
Extension of the coastal shelf of Southeast Asia
A
Sunda Shelf
15
Q
What were included in the Sunda Shelf?
A
- Malay Peninsula
- Sumatra
- Java
- Borneo to Palawan
16
Q
From Borneo, the Philippine was linked through a narrow projection of island now occupied by __, __, and __.
A
Balabac, Palawan, and Calamianes
17
Q
An extension of the coastal self of Australia
A
Sahul Shelf
18
Q
What were included in Sahul Shelf?
A
- New Guinea
- Aru Islands of Indonesia
19
Q
What are the following plausible reasons supplying the Land Bridges theory?
A
- The similarity of fauna and flora in Asia and the Philippines.
- The similarity of rock structure.
- Existence of the shallow China Sea between the Asia Mainland and the Philippines.
- The presence of a foredeep at the eastern margin of the Philippines indicating the archipelago was once the edge of the Asia continental Platform.
20
Q
Who explained the geological and biogeographical formation of the Philippines in the article “Geological Foundation”?
A
Jocano, F.
21
Q
Name of the island (Mindoro) of the Philippines from the Sung Dynasty sources in 1982
A
Ma-I
22
Q
Who gave details about Ma-I?
A
Chau Ju-Kua
23
Q
What were the other names given to other islands in the Philippines?
A
- Mintolang
- Malilu
- Pishoye
24
Q
Mintolang
A
Mindanao
25
Malilu
Manila
26
Pishoye
Visayas
27
What did Ferdinand Magellan name the Philippines?
Islas de San Lazaro
28
When did Ferdinand Magellan name the Philippines?
1521
29
Islas de San Lazaro or ______
Archipelago of St. Lazarus
30
Where was the name Philippines derived from?
Felipenas/Filipinas
31
Who gave the name Felipenas/Filipinas
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos, Spanish navigator
32
Felipenas/Filipinas was named in honor of who?
Prince Felipe of Asturias (later became King Philip II of Spain)
33
Where did the name Felipenas/Filipinas referred to at first?
Leyte and Samar
34
During the American colonial regime, the Spanish name was later changed to __ __
Philippine Islands (P.I.)
35
After the recognition of its independence, Philippine Islands was renamed to what?
Republic of the Philippines (R.P.)
36
What year did the recognition of independence in the Philippines happen?
1946
37
What name did the Katipunan General propose?
Rizaline Republic
38
Who proposed the Rizaline Republic name?
Artemio Ricarte, katipunan general
39
What name did President Ferdinand Marcos propose?
Maharlika
40
The Philippine archipelago sprawls a little above the equator in Southeast Asia between ____ and ____
4°23' - 21°21 N Latitude
116° - 127° E Longitude
41
What is the northernmost point of the Philippines?
Y'Ami Isle
42
What is the southernmost point of the Philippines?
Saluag Isle
43
How far is Y'Ami Isle from Taiwan?
78 miles
44
How far is Saluag Isle from Borneo?
34 miles
45
What is the north, west, east, and south of the Philipines?
- Taiwan (N)
- Philippine Sea and Vietnam (W)
- Pacific Ocean (E)
- Celebes Sea and Indonesia (S)
46
Why does the Philippines have a very strategic location?
1. Serves as a bridge between the cultures of the East and West.
2. Lies at the crossroad of international air and sear routes, dubbed as the "Crossroads of the Pacific".
3. Looms as the bastion of democracy in the area where dictators and communism hold sway over Asian Nations.
4. Citadel of Christianity.
47
How many islands does the Philippines have?
7,641 islands
48
What is the total land area of the Philippines?
115, 707 sq. miles (22, 681 sq. km.)
49
The Philippines is an __ __ __ of numerous islands and islets.
Inverted Y-shaped archipelago
50
What is the climate of the Philippines?
- Tropical
- Monsoonal
51
What are the two distinct seasons of the Philippines?
Dry and Wet season
52
When does dry season occur?
December to May
53
When does wet season occur?
June to November
54
Temperature of the Philippines
21°C - 32°C
55
When is the coldest month?
January
56
When is the hottest month?
May
57
How long is the coastline of the Philippines?
36, 289 km
58
How many divisions does the Philippines have?
17 administrative divisions
59
What are the 17 regions in the Philippines?
1. Region I (Ilocos Region)
2. Region II (Cagayan Valley)
3. Region III (Central Luzon)
4. Region IV-A (CALABARZON)
5. Region IV-B (MIMAROPA)
6. Region V (Bicol Region)
7. Region VI (Western Visayas)
8. Region VII (Central Visayas)
9. Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)
10. Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula)
11. Region X (Northern Mindanao)
12. Region XI (Davao Region)
13. Region XII (SOCCSKARGEN)
14. Region XIII (Caraga)
15. BARMM (Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao)
16. CAR (Cordillera Administrative Region)
17. NCR (National Capital Region)
60
What is the highest mountain in the Philippines?
Mt. Apo
61
How high is Mt. Apo?
2, 954 meters high
62
What are the three (3) large mountain ranges in Luzon?
1. Western Caraballo Mountain Range
2. Sierra Madre Mountain Range
3. Caraballo de Baler
63
Outside of these significant mountain ranges are the small mountain ranges of __ and __
Zambales and Tagaytay Ridge
64
What are the four (4) distinct mountain ranges of Mindanao?
1. Eastern Mountain Range
2. Central-Eastern Mountain Range
3. Central-Western Range
4. Western Range
65
Eastern Mountain Range
begins at Surigao and follows the Pacific coast
66
Central-Eastern Mountain Range
begins at Butuan and extends south to Agusan on the east and Pulangui in the west
67
Central-Western Mountain Range
begins at Mt. Apo, follows the boundary of Cotabato, ends at the Zamboanga Peninsula
68
Western Range
begins west of Iligan Bay and ends on the shores of Basilan Strait
69
What are some examples of abundant supply of minerals in the Philippines?
- chromium
- copper
- gold
- lead
- manganese
- nickel
- silver
- zinc
70
What are some examples of non-metallic minerals in the Philippines?
- asbestos
- clay
- coal
- gravel
- gypsum
- limestones
- salt
- sulfur
71
Philippines also has oil called "__ __"
black gold
72
Where was black gold discovered?
Malampaya, Palawan
73
What are the three (3) best explanations we have about our distant past?
1. The Story of God's Creation in the Bible
2. Legends and myths made up by imaginative people
3. The story of evolution made by human scientists
74
Spanish theologians related that Filipinos were part of God's creation
The Story of God's Creation in the Bible
75
Wrote that the first settler of our country was Tharsis, son of Javan (Son of Noah) together with his brothers and their descendants
Fr. Francisco Colin, Jesuit historian
76
Who was told as the first settler of the Philippines according to Fr. Francisco Colin?
Tharsis, son of Javan (Son of Noah)
77
In Filipino mythology, creation stories were popularized by the various tribal groups of the islands
Legends and myths made up by imaginative people
78
man came from apelike creatures who lived thousands of years ago in caves and have very crude tools
The Story of Evolution made by human scientists
79
thought of as the first man in the Philippines who lived in cave
Tabon Man
80
Where was Tabon man discovered?
Tabon, Southwest Palawan province
81
When was Tabon man discovered?
1965
82
When did the Tabon man live in the Philippines?
about 25,000 years ago
83
It was believed that the Tabon Man belonged to the __ __ __
Stone Age Era
84
Who headed the discovery of the fossilized 61 mm-foot bone?
Armand Salvador Mijares
85
When was the fossilized 61 mm-foot bone discovered?
2007
86
Where was the 61 mm-foot bone discovered?
Callao Caves in Peñablanca, Cagayan
87
When did the reassigning of the fossilized foot bone happen?
2019
88
Believed that between 4500-4000 BC, the agricultural technology development in Yunnan Plateau, Mainland China created pressures that drove certain people to migrate to Taiwan
Bellwood's Austronesian Diffusion Theory
89
Other name of Bellwood's Austronesian
Diffusion Theory
Out-of-Taiwan Theory
90
People who migrated to Taiwan according to Bellwood's theory
Austronesians
91
What is the language of Austronesians
Proto-austronesian
92
What are the common characteristics among austronesians?
- practice of tattooing
- outrigger canoes
- prehistoric art styles (present in jars, potteries and jewelries)
- social characters (sea as basic tenet of life)
93
For Solheim, it suggests that the Nusantao seafarers traversed Asia-Pacific Region from the southward going northward
The Nusantao Maritime Trading Network
94
meaning of Nusantao
artificial term derived from Austronesian root words
Nusa = south
tao = people
95
Who proposed the core population theory?
F. L. Jocano, UP Professor and anthropologist
96
Three important characteristics of the core population theory
1. They stand co-equal as ethnic groups, without anyone being the dominant group, racially or culturally.
2. The differences are due to the differences in their response to their environment.
3. Similarities are due to the adjustment to their environment.
97
Three (3) phases of the proposed local and internal development model for the peopling of the Philippines
1. Formative Phase
2. Incipient Phase
3. Emergent Phase
98
technological development and cultural adaptation that took place during the Pleistocene
Formative Phase
99
characterized by the development of metal tools and pottery
Incipient Phase
100
beginning of trade by local inhabitants to other parts of Asia and Middle East
Emergent Phase
101
plank boat driven either by sail or by paddling
balangay
102
study of places and the relationships between people and their environments
geography
103
new hominin species discovered in Callao Cave, in Penablanca, Cagayan province
Homo luzonensis
104
large group of various peoples who are speakers of the Austronesian languages
Austronesian-speaking peoples
