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Readings in Philippine History > Lesson 3 - Physical Features, Geological-Geographical Foundation And Peopling Of The Philippines > Flashcards

Lesson 3 - Physical Features, Geological-Geographical Foundation And Peopling Of The Philippines Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three (3) identified hypothesis about the geological and geographical foundation of the Philippines

A
  1. Part of the Pacific Lost Continent
  2. Volcanic Origin
  3. Land Bridges
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2
Q

Believed that the Philippines was a remnant of a vast continent in the Pacific that had sunk during pre-historic times

A

Part of Pacific Lost Continent

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3
Q

What was the lost pacific continent called?

A

“Lemuria” or “Mu”

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4
Q

What were the other remnants of the lost pacific continent other than the Philippines?

A
  1. Borneo
  2. Celebes
  3. Java
  4. Sumatra
  5. other islands of the Pacific
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5
Q

The Philippines was born due to the eruptions of sea volcanoes in remote epochs.

A

Volcanic Origin

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6
Q

Who proposed the volcanic origin hypothesis?

A

Dr. Bailey Willis, geological engineer

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7
Q

Resulted in the formation of islands in the Philippines

A

Spewed magma piled up and cooled down

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8
Q

Why do other believe the volcanic origin hypothesis?

A

Because of the presence of several active volcanoes

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9
Q

The Philippines is within what is called the __ __

A

Seismic belt (Pacific Ring of Fire)

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10
Q

Theory suggests that the Philippines was once part of a landmass bridging

A

Land Bridges

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11
Q

What were the countries that was once part of a landmass bridging?

A
  • China
  • Asian Mainland
  • Borneo
  • Indonesia
  • New Guinea
  • Australia
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12
Q

When did the world’s ice sheet melt?

A

During the post-glacial age about 250,000 years ago

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13
Q

The two (2) extensions of continents, otherwise known as continental shelves, exposed during glacial periods

A
  1. Sunda Shelf
  2. Sahul Shelf
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14
Q

Extension of the coastal shelf of Southeast Asia

A

Sunda Shelf

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15
Q

What were included in the Sunda Shelf?

A
  • Malay Peninsula
  • Sumatra
  • Java
  • Borneo to Palawan
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16
Q

From Borneo, the Philippine was linked through a narrow projection of island now occupied by __, __, and __.

A

Balabac, Palawan, and Calamianes

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17
Q

An extension of the coastal self of Australia

A

Sahul Shelf

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18
Q

What were included in Sahul Shelf?

A
  • New Guinea
  • Aru Islands of Indonesia
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19
Q

What are the following plausible reasons supplying the Land Bridges theory?

A
  1. The similarity of fauna and flora in Asia and the Philippines.
  2. The similarity of rock structure.
  3. Existence of the shallow China Sea between the Asia Mainland and the Philippines.
  4. The presence of a foredeep at the eastern margin of the Philippines indicating the archipelago was once the edge of the Asia continental Platform.
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20
Q

Who explained the geological and biogeographical formation of the Philippines in the article “Geological Foundation”?

A

Jocano, F.

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21
Q

Name of the island (Mindoro) of the Philippines from the Sung Dynasty sources in 1982

A

Ma-I

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22
Q

Who gave details about Ma-I?

A

Chau Ju-Kua

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23
Q

What were the other names given to other islands in the Philippines?

A
  • Mintolang
  • Malilu
  • Pishoye
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24
Q

Mintolang

A

Mindanao

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25
Q

Malilu

A

Manila

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26
Q

Pishoye

A

Visayas

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27
Q

What did Ferdinand Magellan name the Philippines?

A

Islas de San Lazaro

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28
Q

When did Ferdinand Magellan name the Philippines?

A

1521

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29
Q

Islas de San Lazaro or ______

A

Archipelago of St. Lazarus

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30
Q

Where was the name Philippines derived from?

A

Felipenas/Filipinas

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31
Q

Who gave the name Felipenas/Filipinas

A

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos, Spanish navigator

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32
Q

Felipenas/Filipinas was named in honor of who?

A

Prince Felipe of Asturias (later became King Philip II of Spain)

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33
Q

Where did the name Felipenas/Filipinas referred to at first?

A

Leyte and Samar

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34
Q

During the American colonial regime, the Spanish name was later changed to __ __

A

Philippine Islands (P.I.)

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35
Q

After the recognition of its independence, Philippine Islands was renamed to what?

A

Republic of the Philippines (R.P.)

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36
Q

What year did the recognition of independence in the Philippines happen?

A

1946

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37
Q

What name did the Katipunan General propose?

A

Rizaline Republic

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38
Q

Who proposed the Rizaline Republic name?

A

Artemio Ricarte, katipunan general

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39
Q

What name did President Ferdinand Marcos propose?

A

Maharlika

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40
Q

The Philippine archipelago sprawls a little above the equator in Southeast Asia between ____ and ____

A

4°23’ - 21°21 N Latitude
116° - 127° E Longitude

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41
Q

What is the northernmost point of the Philippines?

A

Y’Ami Isle

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42
Q

What is the southernmost point of the Philippines?

A

Saluag Isle

43
Q

How far is Y’Ami Isle from Taiwan?

44
Q

How far is Saluag Isle from Borneo?

45
Q

What is the north, west, east, and south of the Philipines?

A
  • Taiwan (N)
  • Philippine Sea and Vietnam (W)
  • Pacific Ocean (E)
  • Celebes Sea and Indonesia (S)
46
Q

Why does the Philippines have a very strategic location?

A
  1. Serves as a bridge between the cultures of the East and West.
  2. Lies at the crossroad of international air and sear routes, dubbed as the “Crossroads of the Pacific”.
  3. Looms as the bastion of democracy in the area where dictators and communism hold sway over Asian Nations.
  4. Citadel of Christianity.
47
Q

How many islands does the Philippines have?

A

7,641 islands

48
Q

What is the total land area of the Philippines?

A

115, 707 sq. miles (22, 681 sq. km.)

49
Q

The Philippines is an __ __ __ of numerous islands and islets.

A

Inverted Y-shaped archipelago

50
Q

What is the climate of the Philippines?

A
  • Tropical
  • Monsoonal
51
Q

What are the two distinct seasons of the Philippines?

A

Dry and Wet season

52
Q

When does dry season occur?

A

December to May

53
Q

When does wet season occur?

A

June to November

54
Q

Temperature of the Philippines

A

21°C - 32°C

55
Q

When is the coldest month?

56
Q

When is the hottest month?

57
Q

How long is the coastline of the Philippines?

A

36, 289 km

58
Q

How many divisions does the Philippines have?

A

17 administrative divisions

59
Q

What are the 17 regions in the Philippines?

A
  1. Region I (Ilocos Region)
  2. Region II (Cagayan Valley)
  3. Region III (Central Luzon)
  4. Region IV-A (CALABARZON)
  5. Region IV-B (MIMAROPA)
  6. Region V (Bicol Region)
  7. Region VI (Western Visayas)
  8. Region VII (Central Visayas)
  9. Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)
  10. Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula)
  11. Region X (Northern Mindanao)
  12. Region XI (Davao Region)
  13. Region XII (SOCCSKARGEN)
  14. Region XIII (Caraga)
  15. BARMM (Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao)
  16. CAR (Cordillera Administrative Region)
  17. NCR (National Capital Region)
60
Q

What is the highest mountain in the Philippines?

61
Q

How high is Mt. Apo?

A

2, 954 meters high

62
Q

What are the three (3) large mountain ranges in Luzon?

A
  1. Western Caraballo Mountain Range
  2. Sierra Madre Mountain Range
  3. Caraballo de Baler
63
Q

Outside of these significant mountain ranges are the small mountain ranges of __ and __

A

Zambales and Tagaytay Ridge

64
Q

What are the four (4) distinct mountain ranges of Mindanao?

A
  1. Eastern Mountain Range
  2. Central-Eastern Mountain Range
  3. Central-Western Range
  4. Western Range
65
Q

Eastern Mountain Range

A

begins at Surigao and follows the Pacific coast

66
Q

Central-Eastern Mountain Range

A

begins at Butuan and extends south to Agusan on the east and Pulangui in the west

67
Q

Central-Western Mountain Range

A

begins at Mt. Apo, follows the boundary of Cotabato, ends at the Zamboanga Peninsula

68
Q

Western Range

A

begins west of Iligan Bay and ends on the shores of Basilan Strait

69
Q

What are some examples of abundant supply of minerals in the Philippines?

A
  • chromium
  • copper
  • gold
  • lead
  • manganese
  • nickel
  • silver
  • zinc
70
Q

What are some examples of non-metallic minerals in the Philippines?

A
  • asbestos
  • clay
  • coal
  • gravel
  • gypsum
  • limestones
  • salt
  • sulfur
71
Q

Philippines also has oil called “__ __”

A

black gold

72
Q

Where was black gold discovered?

A

Malampaya, Palawan

73
Q

What are the three (3) best explanations we have about our distant past?

A
  1. The Story of God’s Creation in the Bible
  2. Legends and myths made up by imaginative people
  3. The story of evolution made by human scientists
74
Q

Spanish theologians related that Filipinos were part of God’s creation

A

The Story of God’s Creation in the Bible

75
Q

Wrote that the first settler of our country was Tharsis, son of Javan (Son of Noah) together with his brothers and their descendants

A

Fr. Francisco Colin, Jesuit historian

76
Q

Who was told as the first settler of the Philippines according to Fr. Francisco Colin?

A

Tharsis, son of Javan (Son of Noah)

77
Q

In Filipino mythology, creation stories were popularized by the various tribal groups of the islands

A

Legends and myths made up by imaginative people

78
Q

man came from apelike creatures who lived thousands of years ago in caves and have very crude tools

A

The Story of Evolution made by human scientists

79
Q

thought of as the first man in the Philippines who lived in cave

80
Q

Where was Tabon man discovered?

A

Tabon, Southwest Palawan province

81
Q

When was Tabon man discovered?

82
Q

When did the Tabon man live in the Philippines?

A

about 25,000 years ago

83
Q

It was believed that the Tabon Man belonged to the __ __ __

A

Stone Age Era

84
Q

Who headed the discovery of the fossilized 61 mm-foot bone?

A

Armand Salvador Mijares

85
Q

When was the fossilized 61 mm-foot bone discovered?

86
Q

Where was the 61 mm-foot bone discovered?

A

Callao Caves in Peñablanca, Cagayan

87
Q

When did the reassigning of the fossilized foot bone happen?

88
Q

Believed that between 4500-4000 BC, the agricultural technology development in Yunnan Plateau, Mainland China created pressures that drove certain people to migrate to Taiwan

A

Bellwood’s Austronesian Diffusion Theory

89
Q

Other name of Bellwood’s Austronesian
Diffusion Theory

A

Out-of-Taiwan Theory

90
Q

People who migrated to Taiwan according to Bellwood’s theory

A

Austronesians

91
Q

What is the language of Austronesians

A

Proto-austronesian

92
Q

What are the common characteristics among austronesians?

A
  • practice of tattooing
  • outrigger canoes
  • prehistoric art styles (present in jars, potteries and jewelries)
  • social characters (sea as basic tenet of life)
93
Q

For Solheim, it suggests that the Nusantao seafarers traversed Asia-Pacific Region from the southward going northward

A

The Nusantao Maritime Trading Network

94
Q

meaning of Nusantao

A

artificial term derived from Austronesian root words
Nusa = south
tao = people

95
Q

Who proposed the core population theory?

A

F. L. Jocano, UP Professor and anthropologist

96
Q

Three important characteristics of the core population theory

A
  1. They stand co-equal as ethnic groups, without anyone being the dominant group, racially or culturally.
  2. The differences are due to the differences in their response to their environment.
  3. Similarities are due to the adjustment to their environment.
97
Q

Three (3) phases of the proposed local and internal development model for the peopling of the Philippines

A
  1. Formative Phase
  2. Incipient Phase
  3. Emergent Phase
98
Q

technological development and cultural adaptation that took place during the Pleistocene

A

Formative Phase

99
Q

characterized by the development of metal tools and pottery

A

Incipient Phase

100
Q

beginning of trade by local inhabitants to other parts of Asia and Middle East

A

Emergent Phase

101
Q

plank boat driven either by sail or by paddling

102
Q

study of places and the relationships between people and their environments

103
Q

new hominin species discovered in Callao Cave, in Penablanca, Cagayan province

A

Homo luzonensis

104
Q

large group of various peoples who are speakers of the Austronesian languages

A

Austronesian-speaking peoples

Readings in Philippine History (18 decks)

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