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Readings in Philippine History > Lesson 1 - Meaning and Concepts of History > Flashcards

Lesson 1 - Meaning and Concepts of History Flashcards

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1
Q

origin of the word history

A

historia

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2
Q

meaning of historia

A

inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation

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3
Q

famous historians

A
  • Herodotus
  • Thucydides
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4
Q

lifespan of Herodotus

A

484-425/413 BCE

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5
Q

Greek writer and geographer credited with being the first historian

A

Herodotus

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6
Q

first grand narrative of Herodotus

A

Histories

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7
Q

considered the founding work of history in Western literature

A

Histories

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8
Q

Herodotus was marked as ____

A

Father of History

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9
Q

What did Thucydides write?

A

History of the Peloponnesian War

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10
Q

set a standard scope, concision, and accuracy that defines the text of the historical genre

A

History of the Peloponnesian War

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11
Q

What is the history of the Peloponnesian War about?

A

conflict between the Peloponnesian League and the Delian League

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12
Q

Peloponnesian League

A

Sparta

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13
Q

Delian League

A

Athens

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14
Q

What is history?

A
  • scientific research or inquiry
  • study of past events
  • man-his-story
  • “Queen” or “Mother” of all social sciences
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15
Q

According to Carr, what reflects when we answer the question “What is history?”

A

consciously or unconsciously reflects our own position in time and forms part of our answer to the broader question what view we take of the society in which we live in

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16
Q

What is historical fact according to Carr?

A
  1. The backbone of History
  2. A historian’s priori decision
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17
Q

refers to as a common sense view, and sometimes rely on the interpretation from the auxiliary sciences of History

A

The backbone of History

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18
Q

the historian necessarily becomes selective of his gathered facts

A

A historian’s priori decision

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19
Q

What are the three (3) points to ponder on how to critique if facts are historical facts according to Carr?

A
  1. … study the historian before you begin to study the facts
  2. … have an imaginative mind, to understand the minds of the people with whom he is dealing
  3. … possible to study History through the limelight of the present
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20
Q

What is the new definition of History Carr proposed?

A

History is a continuous process between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the present and the past

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21
Q

11 Nature of History

A
  1. A study of the present in light of the past
  2. History is the study of man
  3. History is concerned with man in time
  4. History is concerned with man in space
  5. Objective record of happenings
  6. Multisided
  7. History is a dialogue between the events of the past and progressively emerging future ends
  8. Not only narration but also analysis
  9. Continuity and coherence are the necessary requisites of History
  10. Relevant
  11. Comprehensiveness
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22
Q
  • present has evolved out of the past
  • modern history enables us to understand how society has come to its present form
A

A study of the present in light of the past

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23
Q
  • history deals with man’s struggle through the ages
  • history is not static
A

History is the study of man

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24
Q
  • deals with a series of events, and each event occurs at a given point in time
A

History is concerned with man in time

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25
Q
  • history is the process of human development in time
  • it is time that affords a perspective to events and lends a charm that brightens up the past
A

History is concerned with man in time

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26
Q
  • the interaction of man on the environment and vice versa is a dynamic one.
A

History is concerned with man in space

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27
Q
  • history describes nations and human activities in the context of their physical and geographical environment.
A

History is concerned with man in space

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28
Q
  • every precaution is taken to base the data on original sources and make them free from subjective interpretation
A

Objective record of happenings

29
Q
  • it helps in a clear understanding of the past and enables us to make well-informed decisions
A

Objective record of happenings

30
Q
  • all aspects of the life of a social group are closely interrelated,
  • historical happenings cover all these aspects of life
  • not limited only to the political aspect that had so long dominated history
A

Multisided

31
Q
  • the historian’s interpretation of the past, his selection of the significant and the relevant events, evolves with the progressive emergence of new goals
A

History is a dialogue between the events of the past and progressively emerging future ends

32
Q
  • the general law regulating historical happenings may not be considered enough; attempts have to be made to predict future happenings based on the laws
A

History is a dialogue between the events of the past and progressively emerging future ends

33
Q
  • the selected happenings are not merely narrated; the causal relationships between them are properly unearthed
A

Not only narration but also analysis

34
Q
  • the tracing of these relationships leads to the development of general laws that are also compared and contrasted with similar happenings in other social groups to improve the reliability and validity of these laws
A

Not only narration but also analysis

35
Q
  • History carries the burden of human progress as it is passed down from generation to generation, from society to society, justifying the essence of continuity
A

Continuity and coherence are the necessary requisites of History

36
Q
  • In the study of History, only those events are included, which are relevant to the understanding of the present life
A

Relevant

37
Q
  • History is not confined to one period or country or nation
A

Comprehensiveness

38
Q
  • It also deals with all aspects of human life-political, social, economic, religious, literary, aesthetic and physical, giving a clear sense of world unity
A

Comprehensiveness

39
Q

an expert who studies and writes about the past

A

historian

40
Q

the methodical analysis of the sources and synthesis of the materials being interpreted

A

historical method

41
Q

diagnostic device or cross-examination to test the reliability and credibility of a piece of evidence

A

historical criticism

42
Q

Eight (8) Concepts of History

A
  1. Continuity and Change
  2. Cause and Effect
  3. Sources/Evidences
  4. Significance
  5. Framework
  6. Context/Perspective
  7. Empathy
  8. Contestability
43
Q
  • static, change nature and pace
  • similarities and differences
A

Change and Continuity

44
Q
  • long and short term
  • multiple factors
  • social, economic, political
  • intended and unintended
A

Cause and Effect

45
Q
  • dependent on a range of factors- age, gender, experience, social position, beliefs, etc.
  • view and position
A

Perspectives

46
Q
  • sources - primary and secondary
  • refute and support claims, evaluation, interrogation and bias
A

Evidence

47
Q
  • positive/negative effects
  • degrees of importance
  • remembered
  • commemorated
  • brought change
A

Significance

48
Q
  • contextual knowledge
  • personal narratives
  • grounded inevidence
  • perspectives
  • motivations
A

Empathy

49
Q
  • interpretation, purpose, and perspective
  • choice and use of sources
  • context validity
A

Contestability

50
Q

checks the reliability or veracity (correctness) of the source or evidence by evaluating its author’s background, the title of the evidence, the date and place of publication, and so on

A

External (lower) criticism

51
Q

judges credibility or validity (trustworthiness) by attributing a moral value to the piece of evidence or source

A

Internal criticism

52
Q

the historian proceeds to the shifting, grouping, arrangement, generalization, and organization of the facts gathered to form a connected and related knowledge

A

Synthesis (Reporting)

53
Q

How are the facts presented in synthesis?

A

logical, narrative form

54
Q

What are the three (3) stages of how history of the Philippines has been written

A
  1. Our image of ourselves and our past was shaped mainly by the colonizer’s writings, disregarding the sufferings of their colonies.
  2. Filipino historians consciously set themselves the task of writing from the Filipino point of view where the role Filipinos played in their history were emphasized.
  3. The writing of the nation’s history from the point of view of the Filipino people.
55
Q

What is the root word of kasaysayan?

A

saysay

56
Q

saysay

A

means “sense” or “meaning”

57
Q

saysay + yan

A

the act of conveying words of importance or sense

58
Q

ka + saysayan

A
  • implies a connection of interaction or relationship
  • being a part of something
  • doing something together
59
Q

nasa panloob na pagkakaugnay-ugnay ng mga katangian, halagahin, kaalaman, karunungan, hangarin, kaugalian, pag-aasal, at karanasan ng isang kabuuang pangkalinangan

A

Pantayong Pananaw

60
Q

Who gave the definition of Pantayong Pananaw

A

Dr. Zeus A. Salazar

61
Q

Four (4) different perspectives in writing the history of the Filipinos

A
  1. Pangkaming Pananaw
  2. Pansilang Pananaw
  3. Pangkayong Pananaw
  4. Pantayong Pananaw
62
Q

From Us - For You

A

Pangkaming Pananaw

63
Q

From Them - For Them

A

Pansilang Pananaw

64
Q

From Them - For Us

A

Pangkayong Pananaw

65
Q

From Us - For Us

A

Pantayong Pananaw

66
Q

Who said that Philippine History is a people’s history?

A

Renato Constantino

67
Q

What is history according to Renato Constantino?

A

History is a people’s history. It is a recorded struggle of the people for ever-increasing freedom and newer and higher realization of the human person

68
Q

Year that Renato Constantino defined history

A

1975

Readings in Philippine History (18 decks)

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