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Readings in Philippine History > Group 1 - Colonial Motives of Spain & Early Expeditions to the Philippines > Flashcards

Group 1 - Colonial Motives of Spain & Early Expeditions to the Philippines Flashcards

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1
Q

Prince Henry of Portugal is also known as ___

A

Henry the Navigator

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2
Q

lifespan of Henry the Navigator

A

1394-1460

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3
Q

In 1445, Henry the Navigator appealed to ___ ___ __

A

Pope Nicholas V

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4
Q

What did Henry the Navigator promise?

A

spread the Christian faith to non-believers

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5
Q

What did Pope Nicholas V issue?

A

papal bull

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6
Q

papal bull that gave Portugal title to all African territories that has been acquired and will be acquired in the future

A

Romanus Pontifex

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7
Q

What would happen if one would go against the Portugal’s right?

A

would be excommunicated from the church

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8
Q
  • adventurous entrepreneur and navigator
  • persuaded the king and queen to fund his expedition to locate a western route to Asia
A

Christopher Columbus

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9
Q

Who were the people that Christopher Columbus persuade to fund his expedition?

A
  • King Ferdinand II of Aragon
  • Queen Isabella of Castile
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10
Q

King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile is from the Kingdom of ___

A

Spain

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11
Q

Where is Christopher Columbus from?

A

Italy

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12
Q

lifespan of Christopher Columbus

A

1451-1506

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13
Q

Why did the Spain sponsor Columbus?

A
  • in return for the gold, spices, and riches that he might find
  • spreading of Christianity
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14
Q

Why did the Portugal not sponsor Columbus?

A
  • thought he was a fool
  • believed Columbus had miscalculated the distance of the trip
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15
Q

series of papal bull that confirmed Spain’s title to Columbus’ discovered lands

A

Inter Caetera

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16
Q

Who issued the papal bull “Inter Caetera”?

A

Pope Alexander VI

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17
Q

Papal Bull “Inter Caetera” is also known as “__ __ __”

A

Doctrine of Discovery

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18
Q

What is the papa bull “Inter Caetera”?

A
  • established a demarcation line
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19
Q

Where is the demarcation line established by the “Inter Caetera” located?

A

One hundred (100) leagues west of the Azores and Cape Verde Islands

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20
Q

What is the demarcation line established by the “Inter Caetera” for?

A
  • assigned Spain exclusive right to acquire territorial possessions and trade in all lands WEST of that line
  • assigned Portugal dominion over all of undiscovered lands EAST of the line
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21
Q

When was the papal bull “Inter Caetera” issued?

A

May 4, 1493

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22
Q

First Bull

A

recognized King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella’s title to Columbus’ discovered new land area and new people

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23
Q

Second Bull

A

conversion of the native inhabitants to Christianity

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24
Q

an agreement between Spain and Portugal’s monarchies to settle conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other later 15th century voyagers

A

Treaty of Tordesillas

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25
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World by drawing an imaginary in the Atlantic Ocean about ________

A

370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands

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26
Q

When was the Treaty of Tordesillas agreed?

A

June 7, 1494

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27
Q

Where was the manuscript of the Treaty of Tordesillas placed?

A

parchment

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28
Q

How many piles does the Treaty of Tordesillas have?

A

4 Piles (8 sheets)

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29
Q

Measurements of the sheets of the Treaty of Tordesillas

A

330mm x 250mm

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30
Q
  • organized the first circumnavigation of the globe
  • born from a family whose father was a minor member of the Portuguese nobility
A

Fernão de Magalhães (Portuguese) or
Fernando de Magallanes (Spanish)

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31
Q

What did Ferdinand Magellan discover when he organized the first circumnavigation of the globe?

A
  • Strait of Magellan
  • Guam
  • Mariana Islands
  • Philippine Islands
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32
Q

Where did Ferdinand Magellan enlist?

A

7th Portuguese India Armada

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33
Q

How long did Ferdinand Magellan remain in the 7th Portuguese India Armada?

A

8 years

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34
Q

Who rejected Ferdinand Magellan multiple times?

A

King Manuel I of Portugal

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35
Q

named as a co-captain alongside Magellan by the time they received the letter of authorization

A

Ruy de Faleiro

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36
Q

Where was Ruy de Faleiro born?

A

Covilhã, Portugal

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37
Q

Who were the people that Ruy de Faleiro served as a page alongside Magellan?

A

Queen Eleanor
King John II

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38
Q

What was Magellan and Faleiro’s proposal?

A

Sail westward, around South America to seek a new commercial route to the Spice Islands of Makulu

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39
Q

How many occasions did King Manuel I rejected Magellan’s proposal?

A

3 separate occasions

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40
Q

What are the terms of agreement with King Charles?

A
  • receiving a monopoly of the discovered route for ten (10) years
  • receiving a fifth of riches obtained on the voyage
  • authorization to become “sea-captains” during their journey
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41
Q

Who was instructed to write the letter of authorization that is to be given to Magellan and Faleiro?

A

Francisco de los
Cobos y Molina

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42
Q

What were the assigned ships for the expedition of Magellan?

A
  • Trinidad
  • Victoria
  • Concepción
  • Santiago
  • San Antonio
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43
Q

What is the name of the ship where Magellan is captain?

A

Trinidad

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44
Q

How many crew members were with Magellan?

A

approx. 270

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45
Q

Lifespan of Ferdinand Magellan

A

1480 - 1521

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46
Q
  • descendant of a family of Vicenza who claimed Venetian citizenship
  • member of knights and rhodes
  • diplomatic and served duties in papal service
A

Antonio Pigafetta

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47
Q

lifespan of Antonio Pigafetta

A

1491-1534

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48
Q

When did Ruy de Faleiro die?

A

1523

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49
Q

Antonio Pigafetta was a member of __ __ __

A

Knights of Rhodes

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50
Q

How did Antonio Pigafetta hear about Magellan enterprise?

A

When he accompanied Leo X

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51
Q

When did Antonio Pigafetta hear about the Magellan enterprise?

A

1518

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52
Q

Why did Antonio Pigafetta volunteer for Magellan’s voyage?

A

craving for experience and glory

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53
Q

When did Antonio Pigafetta return home after completing the circumnavigation?

A

1522

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54
Q

What fleet did Antonio Pigafetta ride on returning home?

A

Victoria

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55
Q

What was the use of Antonio Pigafetta?

A

used in communication with the indigenous people in negotiating
- trades
- ceremonial visits
- others

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56
Q

What made Antonio Pigafetta a sponge in quality information?

A

learned native dialects of places they gone

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57
Q

What did Antonio Pigafetta bring back with him from the voyage?

A

most valuable narrative of voyage in his journal

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58
Q

Places in the first voyage around the world

A
  1. Zamal (Samar)
  2. Humunu (Homonhon Island)
  3. Mazaua (Limasawa Island)
  4. Zubu (Cebu)
  5. Matan (Mactan)
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59
Q

Samar

A

Zamal

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60
Q

Homonhon Island

A

Humunu

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61
Q

Limasawa Island

A

Mazaua

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62
Q

Cebu

A

Zubu

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63
Q

Mactan

A

Matan

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64
Q

When did the Spanish navigators come upon on Zamal?

A

March 16, 1521

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65
Q

What was the first island mention in Antonio Pigafetta’s relation?

A

Zamal (Samar)

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66
Q

What is the name of the second island that the voyage went?

A

Humunu (Homonhon Island)

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67
Q

Who did they meet in Humunu?

A
  • Raia Colambu
  • Raia Siaui
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68
Q

Who acted as interpreter in Magellan’s expedition?

A

Enrique of Malacca, his Malay slave

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69
Q

Who is the fleet chaplain of Magellan’s expedition?

A

Father Pedro de Valderrama

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70
Q

Who is Magellan’s brother-in-law that went with him in his expedition?

A

Duarte de Barbosa

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71
Q

What did the captain-general present the people of Humunu with?

A
  • red caps
  • mirrors
  • combs
  • bells
  • ivory
  • bacasine
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72
Q

What are the things the Spaniard received as an exchange for what they presented?

A
  • fish
  • palm of wine (uraca)
  • bananas
  • two cocoanuts
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73
Q

What did the Spaniards call the Humunu Island?

A

Acquada da li buoni segnialli

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74
Q

What does “Acquada da li buoni segnialli” mean?

A

The Watering Place of Good Signs

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75
Q

What did the Spaniards call the Humunu Islands besides “Acquada da li buoni segnialli”?

A

Archipelago of San Lazaro

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76
Q

Where did the voyage go after Humunu?

A

Mazaua (Limasawa Island)

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77
Q

Where did the first mass happen?

A

Mazaua (Limasawa Island)

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78
Q

When did the first mass happen?

A

March 31, 1521 (Easter Sunday)

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79
Q

Who conducted the first mass?

A

Father Pedro de Valderrama

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80
Q

As a token that they had gone to Limasawa, what was erected?

A

Cross

81
Q

The people of Limasawa worshipped nothing but they raised their hands to the sky that they call ___

A

god Abba

82
Q

The island does not have enough food yet they mention three names. What are those?

A
  1. Ceylon (Leyte)
  2. Zubu (Cebu)
  3. Calaghan
83
Q

Leyte

A

Ceylon

84
Q

What is the largest and with most trade?

A

Zubu

85
Q

How long did the expedition stay in Mazaua?

A

7 days

86
Q

From Mazaua to Zubu, what places did they pass through?

A
  1. Ceylon (Leyte)
  2. Bohol
  3. Canigham
  4. Baybai
  5. Gatighan
87
Q

When did the expedition come to the port of Zubu?

A

April 7, 1521

88
Q

What is the purpose why they went to Zubu?

A

Visit the king and buy food with their merchandise

89
Q

In contrast to their purpose in going to Zubu, what happened?

A

Their arrival brought commotion but was soon settled

90
Q

How did they settle the commotion in Zubu?

A

through a sanduguan (blood compact)

91
Q

When did the sanduguan happen?

A

April 8, 1521 (morning)

92
Q

After the settlement in Zubu, what happened when the prince and the chiefs came to their ships?

A

The captain-general taught them about Christianity and their faith

93
Q

Who is the prince of Zubu?

A

King’s nephew

94
Q

What did the prince of Zubu give the captain-general?

A
  • basket of rice
  • swine
    etc.
95
Q

What did the captain-general give the prince of Zubu?

A
  • white cloth of the finest linen
    etc.
96
Q

What was tasked to Pigafetta to deliver?

A

present to the King of Zubu which are
- silk robe
- fine red cap
etc.

97
Q

When did the baptismal mass in Zubu happen?

A

April 14, 1521 (morning)

98
Q

How many natives where baptized in Zubu?

A

800 natives

99
Q

Baptismal name of Raia Humabon

A

Don Carlo

100
Q

Who is the king of Zubu?

A

Raia Humabon

101
Q

Baptismal name of the prince

A

Don Fernando

102
Q

Baptismal name of the Raia Colambu

A

Johanni

103
Q

Baptismal name of the Queen of Zubu

A

Johanna

104
Q

Baptismal name of a chief

A

Fernando

105
Q

Baptismal name of the Moro

A

Christoforo

106
Q

Baptismal name of the wife of prince

A

Catherina

107
Q

Baptismal name of Queen of Mazaua

A

Lisabeta

108
Q

What are the villages in Zubu?

A
  1. Cinghapola
  2. Mandaui
  3. Lalan
  4. Lalutan
  5. Cilumai
  6. Lubucun
109
Q

Chiefs of Cinghapola

A
  1. Cilaton
  2. Ciguibucan
  3. Cimaningha
  4. Cimatichat
  5. Cicanbul
110
Q

Chief of Mandaui

A

Apanoaan

111
Q

Chief of Lalan

A

Theteu

112
Q

Chief of Lalutan

A

Tapan

113
Q

Island near Zubu

A

Matan (Mactan)

114
Q

Chiefs of Matan

A
  • Zula
  • Cilapulapu
115
Q

When did Zula send one of his sons to present two goats to the captain-general?

A

April 26, 1521 (Friday)

116
Q

Why was the son not able to send gifts to the captain-general?

A

Because of Cilapulapu

117
Q

When did the Battle of Mactan start?

A

April 27, 1521

118
Q

Who was the interpreter and slave of Magellan that was not freed and was threatened to be flogged if he would go ashore?

A

Henrich

119
Q

What did Henrich do even when he was threatened?

A

Did not follow the order and went to the king and arranged a plot

120
Q

When did the king invite the commanders to get the jewels he promised to send to the King of Spagnia?

A

May 1, 1521 (morning)

121
Q

How many men went to get the jewel and dine with the king of Matan?

A

24 men

122
Q

Why did Pigafetta not join the banquet?

A

He was injured

123
Q

What happened to the men that went to the banquet?

A

Killed

124
Q

Who won in the battle of Mactan?

A

group of Cilapulapu

125
Q

In exchange of the merchandises, what did the Spaniards ask the people of Matan after the battle?

A

body of Magellan

126
Q

Why did they refuse to give Magellan’s body?

A

keep it as memorial

127
Q

Who were chosen to be the commanders of the flagship?

A
  • Duarte Barboza
  • Johan Seranno
128
Q

What is the name of the astrologer that is one of the 24 men who went ashore?

A

San Martin de Sivilla

129
Q

Who declined to Johan Serrano’s request to be redeemed through their merchandise?

A

Johan Carvaio

130
Q

treaty that defined the areas of Castilian and Portuguese influence in Asia to resolve the “Moluccas issue”

A

Treaty of Zaragoza

131
Q

NHCP

A

National Historical Commission of the Philippines

132
Q

When did the NHCP dismiss the Butuan claim and reaffirmed Limasawa as the site of the first mass in the country?

A

April 20, 2020

133
Q

What barangay was recognized as the specific location in Limasawa where the first mass happened?

A

Barangay Tiana

134
Q

Site where the cross in Limasawa was planted

A

Saub point

135
Q

When did both kingdoms of Spain and Portugal organize the Junta de Bajadoz-Elvas to resolve the Moluccas Issue?

A

1524

136
Q

What did the kingdoms organize to resolve the Moluccas Issue?

A

Junta de Bajadoz-Elvas

137
Q

What is the issue to be resolved in the Junta de Bajadoz-Elvas?

A

find the exact location of Tordesillas’ antemeridian

138
Q

To ease an agreement on the Moluccas, Charles V’s younger sister ___ __ ___ married ___ ___ __ ___.

A

Catherine of Austria
John III of Portugal

139
Q

Treaty of Zaragoza is also called the ___ __ ___

A

Capitulation of Zaragoza

140
Q

When was the Treaty of Zaragoza signed?

A

April 22, 1529

141
Q

Who signed the Treaty of Zaragoza?

A
  • King John III of Portugal and
  • Castilian emperor Charles V
142
Q

Where was the Treaty of Zaragoza signed?

A

Aragonese city of Zaragoza

143
Q

What did the Treaty of Zaragoza grant to Portugal?

A
  • sovereignty over the Moluccas
  • navigation rights
  • trade
144
Q

How much did Portugal agree to pay to purchase the Spanish rights?

A

350, 000 ducats

145
Q

The Treaty of Zaragoza provided an ____ to the line established by the 1494 Treaty.

A

antemeridian

146
Q

Who ordered the Mexican Viceroy Luis de Velasco to prepare an expedition for the Philippines’ conquest and colonization?

A

King Philipp II of Spain

147
Q

Because the Mexican Viceroy died, the commander of the expedition was given to who?

A

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

148
Q

Who accompanied Legazpi acting as the chief pilot?

A

Fr. Andres de Urdaneta

149
Q

Who is Legazpi’s grandson that accompanied him?

A

Captain Felipe de Salcedo

150
Q

Who is the survivor of the Villalobos expedition that accompanied Legazpi?

A

Guido de Lavezaris

151
Q

Who is Legazpi’s son and fleet accountant that accompanied him?

A

Melchor de Legazpi

152
Q

How many Augustinian missionaries accompanied Legazpi?

A

5

153
Q

When did Legazpi arrive the Philippines?

A

1565

154
Q

When did Legazpi anchor near the island of Cebu?

A

February 13, 1565

155
Q

When did Legazpi sail to Samar

A

February 22, 1565

156
Q

Who welcomed Legazpi in Samar?

A

Chief Urrao

157
Q

When did Legazpi land in Limasawa?

A

March 9, 1565

158
Q

Who hospitably received Legazpi in Limasawa?

A

Chief Bankaw

159
Q

What are the main specific instructions of the King of Spain to Legazpi?

A
  • shall proceed in search of and to discover the Western islands situated toward Malucos but not enter Malucos
  • labor for the evangelization of the natives
  • ascertain the products of the islands
  • discover the new route to New Spain
160
Q

What is the name of the flagship where Legazpi will embark?

A

Sant Felipe

161
Q

Who is the master-of-camp along Legazpi?

A

Captain Mateo Del Saz

162
Q

Who were the native kings that Legazpi made a blood compact after befriending them?

A

Sikatuna
Sigala

163
Q

When did Legazpi make a blood compact with Sikatuna and Sigala

A

March 1565

164
Q

Legazpi’s first duty is to appoint:

A
  • Pilots
  • Masters
  • Boatswains
  • Notaries
  • Artillery officers
165
Q

Who shall not accompany Legazpi’s fleet?

A
  • useless person
  • Indians or Negroes (beyond a dozen for servants)
  • women
166
Q

When did Legazpi sail to Cebu?

A

April 27, 1565

167
Q

Who defied the Spaniards in Cebu?

A

Chief Tupas

168
Q

Where is the first established Spanish settlement?

A

Cebu

169
Q

What did the Spaniards name Cebu?

A

Villa del Santisimo Nombre de Jesus

170
Q

What does “Villa del Santisimo Nombre de Jesus” mean

A

City of the Most Holy Name of Jesus

171
Q

Why did they name Cebu “Villa del Santisimo Nombre de Jesus”?

A

they found an image of Sto. Niño in one of the native houses

172
Q

When did Legazpi and Tupas conclude a treaty with the condition that he and the other datus recognize Spanish sovereignty and friendship?

A

June 4, 1565

173
Q

When did the Spaniards transfer to Panay?

A

1569

174
Q

Why did the Spaniards transfer from Cebu to Panay?

A

scarcity of food provisions

175
Q

Where did the Spaniards transfer to when they did not have enough food in Cebu?

A

Panay

176
Q

Where did the Spaniards establish a second settlement?

A

bank of Panay River

177
Q

When did Legazpi dispatch Martin de Goiti to explore the northern region?

A

1570

178
Q

Who did Legazpi dispatch to explore the northern region?

A

Martin de Goiti

179
Q

Why did Legazpi dispatch Martin de Goiti to the northern region?

A

he heard of Luzon’s riches

180
Q

Where did de Goiti land?

A

Batangas

181
Q

How many people were with de Goiti when he landed in Batangas to explore the area?

A

120 Spaniards
600 Visayans (from Cebu and Panay Islands)

182
Q

When did de Goiti arrive in Manila Bay?

A

May 8, 1570

183
Q

Who did they ally with in Manila Bay?

A

Raja Soliman

184
Q

Raja Soliman is a vassal under who?

A

vassal under the Sultan of Brunei

185
Q

When did Goiti and his men capture Maynilad and Soliman?

A

May 24, 1570

186
Q

What did Raja Soliman do regarding the Spaniards?

A

refused to submit to Spanish vassalage and defended his area from them

187
Q

When did Legazpi follow Goiti and Salcedo to Maynilad?

A

May 1571

188
Q

What did Legazpi do in Maynilad when he got there?

A

formed a peace pact with the natives and the local rulers

189
Q

Who are the local rulers Legazpi made peace pact with in Maynilad?

A

Rajah Suleiman
Lakan Dula

190
Q
  • a Pampango warlord
  • rallied the warriors from different towns to resist Spanish invaders’ resistance
A

Bambalito

191
Q

When did Bambalito battle with the Spaniards?

A

June 3, 1571

192
Q

Where did Bambalito’s war boats sail down to go to Goiti’s forces?

A

Channel of Bankusay, off the north shore of Manila Bay

193
Q

When did Legazpi proclaim Maynilad as the island’s capital and seat of the Spanish government in East Indies?

A

June 24, 1571

194
Q

What did King Philip II name Manila?

A

Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad

195
Q

When did King Philip II name Manila as “Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad”?

A

June 1, 1574

196
Q

What does “Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad” mean?

A

Distinguished and Ever Loyal City

197
Q

Route of Legazpi to be taken on the westward

A
  1. Island of Nublada
  2. Rosa Partida
  3. Island Los Reyes
  4. Coral Islands
  5. Philippines
198
Q

Pope Alexander VI real name

A

Rodrigo Borgia

Readings in Philippine History (18 decks)

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