Lesson 2 - Thinking Like a Historian Flashcards

1
Q

What do historians pay focus to when reading historical documents?

A
  • argument
  • purpose
  • context
  • content
  • credibility
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2
Q

What do researchers who study the discipline of history place a high value on?

A

critical thinking skills

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3
Q

How do historians figure what happened in the past?

A
  • understanding and evaluating change and continuity over time
  • making appropriate historical evidence in answering questions
  • developing coherent interpretations and arguments about how and why things happened
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4
Q

How do most historians read texts of all kinds?

A

with a particular set of questions in mind

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5
Q

Rather than accepting texts at face value, what do historians do?

A
  • read between the lines and understand where a document came from
  • QUALITY (how its origins affected its content)
  • CREDIBILITY (whether or not it is trustworthy)
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6
Q

What are the four (4) other historical skills?

A
  1. Comprehension: Chronology, terms, and concepts
  2. Analysis and use of sources
  3. Research
  4. Explanation and Communication
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7
Q

organize events in the order they happened

A

chronology

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8
Q

useful way to visually represent the scope of the time, as well as the order of events

A

timeline

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9
Q

Pre-Colonial Period

A

Early Spanish Expeditions (1521-1565)

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10
Q

Colonial Period

A
  • Spanish Era (1565-1898)
  • American Period (1898-1946)
  • Japanese Period (1941-1945)
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11
Q

Post-Colonial Period

A
  • Third Republic Period (1946-1971)
  • Fourth Republic Period (1971-1986)
  • Fifth Republic Period (1986-present)
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12
Q

When ordering time BC, remember to count

A

backward from 1

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13
Q

When ordering time AD remember to count

A

forwards from 1

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14
Q

BC

A

before Christ

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15
Q

AD

A

Anno Domini

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16
Q

Anno Domini meaning

A

in the year of the Lord

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17
Q

Four (4) Steps of Analyzing and Using of Sources

A
  1. Identify the origin and purpose of primary and secondary sources
  2. Locate, compare, select, and use information from a range of sources as evidence
  3. Conclude the usefulness of sources
  4. Separating fact from opinion
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18
Q

It is essential for historians to understand: __ and __

A

origin (where they came from)
purpose (why they were created)

19
Q

by this stage, historians located and collected a variety of different sources and types of information

A

Locate, compare, select, and use information from a range of sources as evidence

20
Q
  • a useful source is one that will add to your understanding of a historical inquiry
  • the source needs to be relevant to the topic or question asked and must be reliable
A

Conclude the usefulness of sources

21
Q

something that can be proven

A

fact

22
Q

based on what a person, or persons, may believe to be true

A

opinion

23
Q

ask a range of questions about the past to inform a historical inquiry

A

research

24
Q

purpose is to give clear information about people, places, objects at moments in time

A

Writing descriptions

25
Q

the researcher is presenting a hypothesis that can support with primary and secondary sources

A

Writing historical explanations and historical arguments

26
Q

process of acknowledging historians, writers, or sources you have relied on for information and evidence

A

Referencing

27
Q

How are references integrated into writing?

A

Footnotes (bottom of the page)
Endnotes (end of your piece)

28
Q

Importance of referencing

A
  1. evidence that validates your argument
  2. evidence of effective research
  3. acknowledges the work of others
29
Q

most standard referencing style being used

A

Chicago Manual of Style

30
Q

Two (2) of the most common referencing systems

A
  1. Oxford (UK)
  2. Harvard (US)
31
Q

also known as ‘documentary note referencing’ or ‘footnoting’

A

Oxford method

32
Q

uses in-text citations rather than superscript numbering

A

Harvard method

33
Q

1433 Penal Code by Datu Kalantiaw

A

Kalantiaw Code

34
Q

How many offenses are there in the kalantiaw code

A

36

35
Q

How many theses are there in kalantiaw code

A

18

36
Q

How many punishments are there in kalantiaw code

A

15 corporal and capital punishment

37
Q

Who questioned the authenticity of kalantiaw code?

A

William Henry Scott

38
Q

Who is the “source” of the kalantiaw code?

A

Fr. Jose Ma. Pavon

39
Q

Declared that the Code of Kalantiaw has no valid historical basis

A

National Historical Institute (NHI) Resolution 12 (2014)

40
Q

Earliest record in the Philippine History

A

Laguna Copperplate Inscription (LCI)

41
Q

Measurement of the LCI

A

20 x 20 cm

42
Q

What is the language used in the LCI

A

Kawi script - 10th century

43
Q

Kawi script is a variety language of __

A

Old Malay and loanwords from Sanskrit, Old Tagalog and Old Javanese