Lesson 2 - Thinking Like a Historian Flashcards
What do historians pay focus to when reading historical documents?
- argument
- purpose
- context
- content
- credibility
What do researchers who study the discipline of history place a high value on?
critical thinking skills
How do historians figure what happened in the past?
- understanding and evaluating change and continuity over time
- making appropriate historical evidence in answering questions
- developing coherent interpretations and arguments about how and why things happened
How do most historians read texts of all kinds?
with a particular set of questions in mind
Rather than accepting texts at face value, what do historians do?
- read between the lines and understand where a document came from
- QUALITY (how its origins affected its content)
- CREDIBILITY (whether or not it is trustworthy)
What are the four (4) other historical skills?
- Comprehension: Chronology, terms, and concepts
- Analysis and use of sources
- Research
- Explanation and Communication
organize events in the order they happened
chronology
useful way to visually represent the scope of the time, as well as the order of events
timeline
Pre-Colonial Period
Early Spanish Expeditions (1521-1565)
Colonial Period
- Spanish Era (1565-1898)
- American Period (1898-1946)
- Japanese Period (1941-1945)
Post-Colonial Period
- Third Republic Period (1946-1971)
- Fourth Republic Period (1971-1986)
- Fifth Republic Period (1986-present)
When ordering time BC, remember to count
backward from 1
When ordering time AD remember to count
forwards from 1
BC
before Christ
AD
Anno Domini
Anno Domini meaning
in the year of the Lord
Four (4) Steps of Analyzing and Using of Sources
- Identify the origin and purpose of primary and secondary sources
- Locate, compare, select, and use information from a range of sources as evidence
- Conclude the usefulness of sources
- Separating fact from opinion
It is essential for historians to understand: __ and __
origin (where they came from)
purpose (why they were created)
by this stage, historians located and collected a variety of different sources and types of information
Locate, compare, select, and use information from a range of sources as evidence
- a useful source is one that will add to your understanding of a historical inquiry
- the source needs to be relevant to the topic or question asked and must be reliable
Conclude the usefulness of sources
something that can be proven
fact
based on what a person, or persons, may believe to be true
opinion
ask a range of questions about the past to inform a historical inquiry
research
purpose is to give clear information about people, places, objects at moments in time
Writing descriptions
the researcher is presenting a hypothesis that can support with primary and secondary sources
Writing historical explanations and historical arguments
process of acknowledging historians, writers, or sources you have relied on for information and evidence
Referencing
How are references integrated into writing?
Footnotes (bottom of the page)
Endnotes (end of your piece)
Importance of referencing
- evidence that validates your argument
- evidence of effective research
- acknowledges the work of others
most standard referencing style being used
Chicago Manual of Style
Two (2) of the most common referencing systems
- Oxford (UK)
- Harvard (US)
also known as ‘documentary note referencing’ or ‘footnoting’
Oxford method
uses in-text citations rather than superscript numbering
Harvard method
1433 Penal Code by Datu Kalantiaw
Kalantiaw Code
How many offenses are there in the kalantiaw code
36
How many theses are there in kalantiaw code
18
How many punishments are there in kalantiaw code
15 corporal and capital punishment
Who questioned the authenticity of kalantiaw code?
William Henry Scott
Who is the “source” of the kalantiaw code?
Fr. Jose Ma. Pavon
Declared that the Code of Kalantiaw has no valid historical basis
National Historical Institute (NHI) Resolution 12 (2014)
Earliest record in the Philippine History
Laguna Copperplate Inscription (LCI)
Measurement of the LCI
20 x 20 cm
What is the language used in the LCI
Kawi script - 10th century
Kawi script is a variety language of __
Old Malay and loanwords from Sanskrit, Old Tagalog and Old Javanese
