Group 7 - Japan's Imperialism Design Flashcards
How did the Japanese thought of the Philippines and the rest of Southeast Asia
- place for expansion
- source of materials
- market for its products
Road that the Japanese helped to build
Benguet Road
Benguet Road now
Kennon Road
Plantations that the Japanese established in Davao
- abaca
- coconut
- banana
By 1935, how many Japanese were in the Philippines
40,000
How many Japanese concentrated in Davao
25, 000
How many Japanese concentrated in Manila
5, 000
When did World War I end
1918
When did the Japanese leaders advocate a takeover of the Philippines
as early as 1922
When did the Japanese colonize Korea
1910
German possessions that the Japanese took over
- Northern Mariana Islands
- Carolines
- Palau
- Marshall Islands
When did Pres. Quezon create the Civilian Emergency Administration (CEA)
April 1, 1941
(April Fools! chariz)
What did Pres. Quezon create on April 1, 1941
Civilian Emergency Administration (CEA)
What was established in the Civilian Emergency Administration
- blackout practices
- evacuation centers
- air raid drills
Where did the first blackout practice held
Manila
When did the first blackout practice happen
July 10, 1941
When was Lt. Gen. Douglas MacArthur called back to Pres. Quezon’s active service
July 26, 1941
How many Filipino soldiers were taken into MacArthur’s command
100, 000
How were the citizen-soldiers trained
- Preparatory Military Training (PMT)
- Reserve Officers Training Course (ROTC)
Why were the training programs saddled
lack of adequate equipment and ammunition
When did Pres. Roosevelt order the Philippine Army’s mobilization and integrated it with the Philippine Division of the U.S. Army
July 27, 1941
What was formed after integrating the Philippine Army and the Philippine Division of the U.S. Army
United States Armed Forces in the Far East (USAFFE)
Who was the commander of the USAFFE
Lt. Gen. Douglas MacArthur
war plan which called for a defense of Manila and Subic Bays’ entrances
Rainbow-5
Rainbow-5 war plan
- no reinforcements to be sent
- implied Philippines’ loss
How many men did Gen. MacArthur said he has after protesting against the Rainbow-5 war plan
101, 550 men
With the pitiful state of the Philippines, what did Pres. Quezon contemplate once the country became independent
- neutralization
- placing the country under British Commonwealth
When did Pres. Quezon secretly go to Japan
June 1938
What did Pres. Quezon discuss with Japan after going secretly
prospect of neutrality
What did Pres. Quezon ask the National Assembly to establish
National Defense
When was the National Defense established
November 1, 1939
act provided infantry establishment consisting of a reserve force and an active force, an army air corps, and a navy
National Defense Act
When did the militarists took over the Japanese government
1930s
When did the Japanese annex Manchuria
1931
When did Japan prove an undeclared war with China
1937
When did Japan ally itself with the Axis powers and occupy the French Indochina
1940
What did the U.S. impose in reaction to the Japanese aggression
- embargo oil and scrap metal exports to Japan
- froze Japanese assets in American banks
Who did Japan send to negotiate with the Americans
Admiral K. Nomura
When did the Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor and other military installations in Hawaii
December 7, 1941 (Dec. 8, 1941, Philippine time)
The attack on Pearl Harbor left how many casualties
2, 897 dead
How many battleships were sank or heavily damaged after the bombing of the Pearl Harbor
8
Along with Pearl Harbor, the Japanese also attacked:
- Hong Kong
- Guam
- Wake Island
- Midway
- Philippines
When did the U.S. declare a state of war with Japan
December 8, 1941
(one day after bombing sa Pearl Harbor)
Where was the first point to be bombed in the Philippines by the Japanese
Davao
What places were raided in the Philippines after bombing of Davao
- Tuguegarao
- Baguio
- Iba
- Tarlac
- Clark Field
When did the Japanese invaders make their first successful landing at Aparri and Vigan
December 10, 1941
When did the Japanese land on Davao
December 20, 1941
Why could Gen. MacArthur not stop the Japanese landing
- Air Force has been destroyed
- lacked naval support
Why did Gen. MacArthur lack naval support
withdrawal of Admiral Thomas C. Hart’s fleet to the south
Because of the three-pincer movement of Japan from north and south, what did Gen. MacArthur order
transfer of valuable military supplies of the USAFFE to Corregidor and Bataan
When did Gen. MacArthur put effect the secret military plan, War Plan Orange 3 (WPO-3)
December 23, 1941
provided for the withdrawal of all USAFFE forces to Bataan Peninsula
War Plan Orange 3 (WPO-3)
When did Pres. Quezon move to Corregidor
December 24, 1941
Where was the Second Commonwealth Government transferred
Corregidor
When did Gen. MacArthur proclaim Manila as an ‘open city’
December 26, 1941
enemy forces might enter the area provided they stopped shooting
Open City
By ___, Japanese forces had already entered Manila
January 2, 1942
radio broadcaster of the Americans
Voice of America
When did the Battle of Bataan begin
January 6, 1942
When did Gen. Homma hurl his troops against the USAFFE lines in Bataan
January 9, 1942
When did Pres. Quezon and his family leave Corregidor for Australia
February 18, 1942
What did Pres. Quezon ride going to Australia
submarine Swordfish
When did Pres. Quezon sail for San Francisco, California
April 20, 1942
What did Pres. Quezon ride going to San Francisco, California
submarine S.S. Pres. Coolidge
When did MacArthur leave Corregidor for Australia
March 11, 1942
Why did MacArthur leave for Australia
assume command on the newly designated Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA)
What was constituted after the deactivation of USAFFE
United States Army Forces in the Philippines (USAFIP)
Who commanded the United States Army Forces in the Philippines (USAFIP)
Major Gen. Jonathan Wainwright
When did MacArthur land in Australia
March 17, 1942
When did Gen. Homma unleash the full-fury of an all-out Japanese offense in Bataan
April 3, 1942
Who surrendered to stop the carnage and prevent further killing of the helpless defenders
Gen. Edward P. King
Bataan forces’ American commander
Gen. Edward P. King
When did Bataan fall
April 9, 1942
Why were the defenders not able to resist the Japanese forces
- no air and naval support
- insufficiently equipped
- starved of food, medicine and ammunition
- aid from America never arrived
How many USAFFE forces laid down their arms in Bataan
76, 000 USAFFE forces
Aside from the 76, 000 prisoners of war (POW), how many civilian refugees were trapped behind Bataan’s USAFFE lines
26, 000
When did the Bataan death march start
April 9, 1942
Road the POW took to go to San Fernando
- Limay
- Balanga
- Orani
- Lubao
What did the Japanese violate during the Bataan death march
Third Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
How many Filipino officers did the Japanese soldiers execute
350 - 400
Mariveles, Bataan to San Fernando, Pampanga
106 km
San Fernando, Pampanga to Capas, Tarlac
40 km
Capas, Tarlac to Camp O’Donnell
11 km
What did the POW undergo during the Bataan death march
- not given food, water, or medicine
- beaten constantly
- killed or buried alive
Starting point of the railway
San Fernando, Pampanga
Where the POW placed during their trip to Capas, Tarlac
boxcars
End point of the railway
Capas, Tarlac
When did they reach Camp O’Donnell
April 15, 1942
How many POW reached Camp O’Donnell
56, 000
What is the name of the training ground the POW reached after the death march
Camp O’Donnell
Approx. how many Filipinos and Americans died during the Bataan death march
- 2,500 Filipinos
- 500 Americans
In Camp O’Donnell, what did the POW undergo
- no medical supplies given
- insufficient diet
Approx. how many Filipinos and Americans died in Camp O’ Donnell
- 26,000 Filipinos
- 1,500 Americans
When did Corregidor fall
May 6, 1942
How many Filipino-American soldiers were taken as prisoners during the fall of Corregidor
12, 000
When did Gen. Wainwright read over an order to all commanders to cease resistance and to surrender
May 7, 1942
What did Gen. Wainwright read over the Radio KZRH
for the commanders to
- cease resistance
- surrender
Where did Gen. Wainwright read the order to cease resistance and to surrender
Radio KZRH 11:40 PM
When did Major Gen. William Sharp Jr. surrender to the Japanese
May 10, 1942
Who is the commander of the Visayan-Mindanao forces
Major Gen. William Sharp Jr.
Where did Major Gen. William Sharp Jr. surrender
Japanese in Malaybalay, Bukidnon
When did the Japanese Imperial forces successfully invaded the entire Philippine archipelago
May 31, 1942
When were the Guerrilla organizations established
Later half of 1942
Leader of the Guerrilla organization in:
Mindanao
Col. Wendell Fertig
Leader of the Guerrilla organization in:
Negros
Col. Salvador Abcede
Leader of the Guerrilla organization in:
Cebu
Lt. Col. James Cushing
Leader of the Guerrilla organization in:
Bohol
Major Ismael Ingeniero
Leader of the Guerrilla organization in:
Panay
Col. Macario Peralta
When was the southern Philippines covered by the Allied communications network
End of 1943
Why was the Southern Philippines covered by the Allied communications network at the end of 1943
increase submarine operations carrying supplies and personnel
When were the submarine operations extended to Central Visayas and Palawan
First half of 1944
Why were the Guerilla units’ coordination and unification difficult in Luzon
heavy presence of Japanese forces
Independent guerrilla commands in Luzon:
Central Luzon
Forces of Major Robert Lapham
Leader of the Guerrilla organization in:
Pampanga
Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon (Hukbalahap)
Leader of the Guerrilla organization in:
East-Central Luzon
East-Central Luzon Guerrilla Area (ECLGA) under Col. Edwin Ramsey
Leader of the Guerrilla organization in:
Cavite
Hunters ROTC of Col. Eleuterio Adevoso
Leader of the Guerrilla organization in:
Batangas
Pres. Quezon’s Guerrillas
When did the guerrilla command in Northern Luzon fall under Major Russell Volckmann
Early 1944
The Norther Luzon guerrilla command was designated as the
United States Army Forces in the Philippines, Northern Luzon (USAFIP-NL)
Who led the United States Army Forces in the Philippines, Northern Luzon (USAFIP-NL)
Major Russell Volckmann
When were the Philippines’ liberation campaign’s preparations largely complete
Middle of 1944
How were the Philippines’ liberation campaign preparations done
through intelligence report provided by the guerrillas
When did MacArthur invade Leyte
October 20, 1944
MacArthur’s invasion of Leyte signaled
all guerrilla organizations to launch an open assault against the Japanese
Who wrote the radio broadcast stating tha Fall of Bataan
Capt. Salvador Lopez
Who read the radio broadcast stating the Fall of Bataan
Lt. Normando Ildefonso
