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Readings in Philippine History > Group 2 - Spanish Colonial System in the Philippines > Flashcards

Group 2 - Spanish Colonial System in the Philippines Flashcards

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1
Q

golden century

A

Siglo de Oro

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2
Q

code that is composed of numerous decrees issues over the centuries to regulate Spanish colonial territories’ social, political, and economic life

A

Recopilacion de los Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias

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3
Q

What does “Recopilacion de los Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias” mean?

A

Laws of the Indies

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4
Q

What do historians always attributed Spanish colonization success to?

A
  • missionaries’ zeal
  • superiority of Spanish arms
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5
Q
  • colonizers were to gather information about the natives’ culture, language, and division of the natives in the provinces and leader they obey.
  • Spaniards were to seek friendship with these native leaders through trade and barter
A

Royal Ordinance on Pacification

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6
Q

When was the “Royal Ordinance on Pacification” issued?

A

1573

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7
Q

method that Spaniards used by using one group against another in quelling revolts through its rule

A

divide et impera (divide and rule)

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8
Q
  • the system of assigning quotas of exploitable goods, services, and persons
  • allows the Spaniards to seize the wealth and food of the natives
A

repartimiento system

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9
Q

term came from Spanish word ___ - to allow

A

repartir

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10
Q

process responsible for forming the nucleus of many towns and pueblos

A

reduccion

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11
Q

“under the bells”

A

bajo las campanas

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12
Q

The baptized natives were called ___ by the colonizers

A

Indios

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13
Q

unpacified natives

A

infieles

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14
Q

From __ to __, the Spain indirectly governed the Philippines through the Viceroy of New Spain

A

1565 - 1821

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15
Q

How did the Spain indirectly govern the Philippines from 1565-1821?

A

Viceroy of New Spain

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16
Q

Viceroy of New Spain

A

Nueva Espana in Mexico

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17
Q

As a crown of glory, who governed the Philippines?

A

Council of Indies

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18
Q

Council of Indies

A

Consejo de las Indias

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19
Q

supreme lawmaker and administrator of all and colonies

A

King

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20
Q

When was the Council of Indies replaced?

A

1863

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21
Q

The Council of Indies was replaced by __ __ ___ ___

A

Ministry of Overseas Colonies

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22
Q

Ministry of Overseas Colonies

A

Ministerio de Ultramar

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23
Q
  • carried the rank of Captian-General
  • headed he executive branch of the central government
A

governor-general

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24
Q

governor’s right to suspend or veto the operation of a Royal decree or order relative to the Philippines if, in his opinion, the said decree would not be beneficial to the country’s administration

A

cumplase

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25
Q

exercised political and administrative powers if the governor-general is absent

A

Audiencia

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26
Q

came to the Philippines unannounced and incognito to check the Spanish officials’ performance

A

visitador-real

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27
Q

Who reviews the outgoing governor-generals’ performance at the end of their office term?

A

residencia

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28
Q

pacified districts of the local government

A

alcaldias

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29
Q

unpacified and strategic military, military districts of the local government

A

corregimiento

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30
Q

Who leads the alcaldia?

A

alcalde mayor

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31
Q

Who leads the corregimiento?

A

corregidor (military or naval officer)

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32
Q

Who heads the town or municipality composed of several barrios?

A

gobernadorcillo

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33
Q

gobernadorcillo is also called as __ __

A

capitan municipal

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34
Q

What is the gobernadorcillo or capitan municipal called today?

A

Mayor

35
Q

Six (6) of the 13 electors who elects the mayor

A

former Cabezas de barangay

36
Q

Who approves the one to be elected as gobernadorcillo?

A

Spanish friar-curate

37
Q

Deputies that aid the gobernadorcillo in the town’s administration

A

tenientes

38
Q

Subordinate officials that aid the gobernadorcillo in the town’s administration

A

alguaciles

39
Q

duty was to collect taxes and other contributions, recruit labor, and maintain peace and order within a jurisdiction

A

Cabeza de barangay

40
Q

served as the national constabulary in the 19th century

A

Guardia civil

41
Q

What were the only cities during the first century of the Spanish rule?

A
  • Cebu
  • Manila
42
Q

What were the six (6) cities in the Philippines by the 17th century?

A
  • Cebu
  • Manila
  • Vigan
  • Nueva Segovia
  • Arevalo
  • Nueva Caceres
43
Q

Nueva Segovia

A

Lal-lo in Cagayan

44
Q

Arevalo

A

part of Iloilo City

45
Q

Nueva Caceres

A

Naga

46
Q
  • equivalent to today’s city hall
  • government of the cities
A

ayuntamiento

47
Q

councilors

A

regidores

48
Q

The ayuntamiento consisted of?

A
  • 2 alcaldes
  • 12 regidores
  • chief of police
  • city secretary
  • few other lesser officials
49
Q

missionaries that were deployed in 1571

A

Augustinians

50
Q

missionaries that were deployed in 1577

A

Franciscans

51
Q

missionaries that were deployed in 1583

A

Jesuits

52
Q

missionaries that were deployed in 1587

A

Dominicans

53
Q

missionaries that were deployed in 1606

A

Recollects

54
Q

missionaries that were deployed in 1895

A

Benedictines

55
Q

Because the early Kings of Spain helped much in propagating and defending the Catholic faith, they became closely identified with the Church and there was a __ __ __ __ __

A

Union of Church and State

56
Q

not only priests but also agents of the Spanish King

A

friars

57
Q
  • favor from the King
  • the Spaniard receiving the favor was given the right to collect tributes or taxes from the natives of an area assigned to him
A

encomienda

58
Q

man who received the favor of collecting tributes or taxes

A

encomendero

59
Q

Who was the first encomendero?

A

Governor-General Legazpi

60
Q

What are the three kinds of encomienda?

A
  1. Royal
  2. Ecclesiastical
  3. Private
61
Q

encomienda belonged to the King

A

Royal

62
Q

encomienda belonged to the Church

A

Ecclesiastical

63
Q

encomienda belonged to a private individual

A

Private

64
Q

Spanish officials ordered the natives to work in constructing churches, roads, bridges, ships and hauling and cutting of industries

A

Polo y Servicios

65
Q

For a Filipino laborer to be exempted from forced labor, he had to pay a fee called what?

A

falla

66
Q

Filipinos were compelled to pay a tribute, in cash or in-kind, in full or on an installment bases, to the Spanish colonial government

A

Tributo

67
Q

form of recognition of their loyalty to the King of Spain

A

tribute

68
Q

The amount of tribute in 1570 when it was introduced

A

eight (8) reales

69
Q

How much is one (1) real

A

12.5 centavos

70
Q

Who paid the tributes?

A

persons above 16 years old up to 60 years old

71
Q

When was the tribute raised?

A

1589

72
Q

Why was the tribute raised?

A

small portion to be given to the church

73
Q

What do you call the small portion of tribute to be given to the church

A

Sanctorum

74
Q

When was the tribute abolished?

A

1884

75
Q

Why was the tribute abolished by the King?

A
  • opposition to the tribute
  • abuse committed with its collection
76
Q

What was introduced after the tribute was abolished?

A

cedula personal

77
Q

Cedula personal is the present equivalent of the __ __ __ __

A

Residence Certificate Class “A”

78
Q

What were the other taxes Filipino paid?

A
  1. Diezmos prediales
  2. Donativo de Zamboanga
  3. Vinta
79
Q

tax which is consisted of one-tenth of the produce of the land

A

Diezmos prediales

80
Q

tax explicitly used for the conquest of Jolo

A

Donativo de Zamboanga

81
Q

tax paid by the people of some provinces along the western coast of Luzon for the defense from Muslim raids

A

Vinta

82
Q

trade across the Pacific

A

Galleon Trade

83
Q

Who were only allowed to trade?

A

privilege persons
- high ranking officials of the State
- the Church
- galleons’ crews

84
Q

Conditions of polo y servicios

A
  1. Filipinos drafted for work must be paid.
  2. Filipino laborers should not be made to work in distant places to return to their families.
  3. Drafting should not coincide with the planting and harvesting season.
  4. Physically incapable men should not be overworked.
  5. Forced labor should be resorted to only in cases of absolute necessity.
  6. Number of laborers drafted should be diminished as soon as laborers from other countries (probably the Chinese) had volunteered to work.

Readings in Philippine History (18 decks)

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