Lesson 3 (Paradigms and Grammar)

Question 1

What is a declension

Answer 1

A group of nouns (or pronouns or adjectives) that have similar inflectional forms to show their grammatical function in a sentence

Question 2

While English uses word order to express the grammatical function of word, Greek is an inflectional language and so can indicate grammatical relationships between words by ________.

Answer 2

The form (or case) of the word

Question 3

What are the three genders of Greek words?

Answer 3

masculine, feminine, and neuter

Question 4

What are the five Greek cases?

Answer 4

Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative

Question 5

What is the basic function of the nominative case?

Answer 5

To name or point out
The nominative is used for the subject of a sentence
The nominative is used for the predicate nominative

Question 6

What is the basic function of the genitive case?

Answer 6

To describe or define, as an adjective does
Often translated with English “of”
Often shows possession

Question 7

What is the basic function of the dative case?

Answer 7

To express personal interest or relationship

Often used for the indirect object (“to”)

Question 8

What is the basic function of the accusative case?

Answer 8

To limit or qualify the action of a verb

Commonly used for the direct object (receives the action of the verb)

Question 9

What is the “lexical form” (the form you will find in a dictionary/lexicon) of Greek nouns?

Answer 9

The nominative singular

Question 10

What is the function of the vocative case?

Answer 10

Direct address

Question 11

1st declension, "pure alpha" paradigm (ὥρα)
(Singular:)
N: ὥρ\_\_\_
G: ὥρ\_\_\_
D: ὥρ\_\_\_
A: ὥρ\_\_\_
V: ὥρ\_\_\_

(Plural:)
N: ὧρ\_\_\_
G: ὡρ\_\_\_
D: ὥρ\_\_\_
A: ὥρ\_\_\_
V: ὧρ\_\_\_

Answer 11

1st declension, "pure alpha" paradigm (ὥρα)
(Singular:)
N: ὥρα
G: ὥρας
D: ὥρᾳ
A: ὥραν
V: ὥρα

(Plural:)
N: ὧραι
G: ὡρῶν
D: ὥραις
A: ὥρας
V: ὧραι

Question 12

1st declension, "pure eta" paradigm (φωνή)
(Singular:)
N: φων\_\_\_
G: φων\_\_\_
D: φων\_\_\_
A: φων\_\_\_
V: φων\_\_\_

(Plural:)
N: φων\_\_\_
G: φων\_\_\_
D: φων\_\_\_
A: φων\_\_\_
V: φων\_\_\_

Answer 12

1st declension, "pure eta" paradigm (φωνή)
(Singular:)
N: φωνή
G: φωνῆς
D: φωνῇ
A: φωνήν
V: φωνή

(Plural:)
N: φωναί
G: φωνῶν
D: φωναῖς
A: φωνάς
V: φωναί

Question 13

1st declension, "mixed" paradigm (δόξα)
(Singular:)
N: δόξ\_\_\_
G: δόξ\_\_\_
D: δόξ\_\_\_
A: δόξ\_\_\_
V: δόξ\_\_\_

(Plural:)
N: δόξ\_\_\_
G: δοξ\_\_\_
D: δόξ\_\_\_
A: δόξ\_\_\_
V: δόξ\_\_\_

Answer 13

1st declension, "mixed" paradigm (δόξα)
(Singular:)
N: δόξα
G: δόξης
D: δόξῃ
A: δόξαν
V: δόξα

(Plural:)
N: δόξαι
G: δοξῶν
D: δόξαις
A: δόξας
V: δόξαι

Question 14

The definite article following a noun in the vocabulary list reveals its __________.

Answer 14

Gender

ὁ=masculine
ἡ=feminine
τό=neuter

Question 15

When a Greek word lacks the article it will usually be translated as ________.

Answer 15

Indefinite (using English “a/an”)

Question 16

Noun accent is ________.

Answer 16

Persistent

The accent will stay on the same syllable on which the lexical form was accented, as far as the general rules permit

Question 17

First declension nouns always have _____ accent on the ultima in the genitive plural regardless of where the accent is in the lexical form

Answer 17

circumflex

thus, ὡρῶν even though the lexical form is ὥρα

Question 18

When the ultima of a first declension noun is accented, it receives a ______ accent in the genitive and dative (both in the singular and plural) and the _____ accent in the nominative, accusative, and vocative (both singular and plural).

Answer 18

Circumflex
(thus φωνῆς and φωνῇ

Acute/grave
(thus φωνή and φωνήν)

Question 19

Most first declension nouns are what gender?

Answer 19

Feminine