Lesson 3 (Paradigms and Grammar) Flashcards
What is a declension
A group of nouns (or pronouns or adjectives) that have similar inflectional forms to show their grammatical function in a sentence
While English uses word order to express the grammatical function of word, Greek is an inflectional language and so can indicate grammatical relationships between words by ________.
The form (or case) of the word
What are the three genders of Greek words?
masculine, feminine, and neuter
What are the five Greek cases?
Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative
What is the basic function of the nominative case?
To name or point out
The nominative is used for the subject of a sentence
The nominative is used for the predicate nominative
What is the basic function of the genitive case?
To describe or define, as an adjective does
Often translated with English “of”
Often shows possession
What is the basic function of the dative case?
To express personal interest or relationship
Often used for the indirect object (“to”)
What is the basic function of the accusative case?
To limit or qualify the action of a verb
Commonly used for the direct object (receives the action of the verb)
What is the “lexical form” (the form you will find in a dictionary/lexicon) of Greek nouns?
The nominative singular
What is the function of the vocative case?
Direct address
1st declension, "pure alpha" paradigm (ὥρα) (Singular:) N: ὥρ\_\_\_ G: ὥρ\_\_\_ D: ὥρ\_\_\_ A: ὥρ\_\_\_ V: ὥρ\_\_\_
(Plural:) N: ὧρ\_\_\_ G: ὡρ\_\_\_ D: ὥρ\_\_\_ A: ὥρ\_\_\_ V: ὧρ\_\_\_
1st declension, "pure alpha" paradigm (ὥρα) (Singular:) N: ὥρα G: ὥρας D: ὥρᾳ A: ὥραν V: ὥρα
(Plural:) N: ὧραι G: ὡρῶν D: ὥραις A: ὥρας V: ὧραι
1st declension, "pure eta" paradigm (φωνή) (Singular:) N: φων\_\_\_ G: φων\_\_\_ D: φων\_\_\_ A: φων\_\_\_ V: φων\_\_\_
(Plural:) N: φων\_\_\_ G: φων\_\_\_ D: φων\_\_\_ A: φων\_\_\_ V: φων\_\_\_
1st declension, "pure eta" paradigm (φωνή) (Singular:) N: φωνή G: φωνῆς D: φωνῇ A: φωνήν V: φωνή
(Plural:) N: φωναί G: φωνῶν D: φωναῖς A: φωνάς V: φωναί
1st declension, "mixed" paradigm (δόξα) (Singular:) N: δόξ\_\_\_ G: δόξ\_\_\_ D: δόξ\_\_\_ A: δόξ\_\_\_ V: δόξ\_\_\_
(Plural:) N: δόξ\_\_\_ G: δοξ\_\_\_ D: δόξ\_\_\_ A: δόξ\_\_\_ V: δόξ\_\_\_
1st declension, "mixed" paradigm (δόξα) (Singular:) N: δόξα G: δόξης D: δόξῃ A: δόξαν V: δόξα
(Plural:) N: δόξαι G: δοξῶν D: δόξαις A: δόξας V: δόξαι
The definite article following a noun in the vocabulary list reveals its __________.
Gender
ὁ=masculine
ἡ=feminine
τό=neuter
When a Greek word lacks the article it will usually be translated as ________.
Indefinite (using English “a/an”)
Noun accent is ________.
Persistent
The accent will stay on the same syllable on which the lexical form was accented, as far as the general rules permit
First declension nouns always have _____ accent on the ultima in the genitive plural regardless of where the accent is in the lexical form
circumflex
thus, ὡρῶν even though the lexical form is ὥρα
When the ultima of a first declension noun is accented, it receives a ______ accent in the genitive and dative (both in the singular and plural) and the _____ accent in the nominative, accusative, and vocative (both singular and plural).
Circumflex
(thus φωνῆς and φωνῇ
Acute/grave
(thus φωνή and φωνήν)
Most first declension nouns are what gender?
Feminine
