Lesson 17 (Paradigms and Grammar)

Question 1

Basic endings of the third declension

(Singular:)
N: \_\_\_
G: \_\_\_
D: \_\_\_
A: \_\_\_
V: \_\_\_

(Plural:)
N: \_\_\_
G: \_\_\_
D: \_\_\_
A: \_\_\_
V: \_\_\_

Answer 1

Basic endings of the third declension

(Singular:)
N: -ς or none
G: -ος
D: -ι (not subscripted)
A: -α
V: -ς or none

(Plural:)
N: -ες / -α (neuter)
G: -ων
D: -σι(ν)
A: -ας / -α (neuter)
V: -ες

Question 2

Nouns of what gender are included in the third declension?

Answer 2

All three: masculine, feminine, and neuter

Question 3

Which two cases (and numbers) show the most irregularity in the third declension?

Answer 3

Nominative singular and Dative plural

This is because third declension noun stems end with a consonant and the nominative singular and dative plural endings begin with a σ. The combination of a consonant with a σ often causes changes.

Question 4

What is the best way to determine the stem of a noun in the third declension?

Answer 4

Looking at the genitive singular and removing the -ος ending. (Not by looking at the nominative singular because it has often undergone changes when the –ς ending has been added.)

Question 5

Third declension nominative singular basic ending

Answer 5

-ς or none

Question 6

Third declension genitive singular basic ending

Answer 6

-ος

Question 7

Third declension dative singular basic ending

Answer 7

-ι (not subscripted)

Question 8

Third declension accusative singular basic ending

Answer 8

-α

Question 9

Third declension vocative singular basic ending

Answer 9

-ς or none

Question 10

Third declension nominative plural basic ending

Answer 10

-ες / -α (neuter)

Question 11

Third declension genitive plural basic ending

Answer 11

-ων

Question 12

Third declension dative plural basic ending

Answer 12

-σι(ν)

Question 13

Third declension accusative plural basic ending

Answer 13

-ας / -α (neuter)

Question 14

Third declension vocative plural basic ending

Answer 14

-ες

Question 15

Third declension nouns ending in μα are always what gender?

Answer 15

Neuter