Lesson 15 (Paradigms and Grammar)

Question 1

What does the Greek perfect tense denote?

Answer 1

Action completed in past time with an effect that continues into the present (e.g. “have filled”)

Question 2

What characteristics distinguish perfect active forms?

Answer 2

Reduplication

Tense suffix –κα

Question 3

Perfect Active Indicative Paradigm of λύω

1st Sing.: ____
2nd Sing.: ___
3rd Sing.: ____

1st Pl.: ____
2nd Pl.: ___
3rd Pl.: ____

Answer 3

Perfect Active Indicative Paradigm of λύω

1st Sing.: λέλυκα (I have loosened)
2nd Sing.: λέλυκας (You have loosened)
3rd Sing.: λέλυκε(ν) (He/she/it has loosened)

1st Pl.: λελύκαμεν (We have loosened)
2nd Pl.: λελύκατε (You all have loosened)
3rd Pl.: λελύκασι(ν) or λέλυκαν (They have loosened)

Question 4

1st Singular Perfect Active Indicative of λύω

Answer 4

λέλυκα (I have loosened)

Question 5

2nd Singular Perfect Active Indicative of λύω

Answer 5

λέλυκας (You have loosened)

Question 6

3rd Singular Perfect Active Indicative of λύω

Answer 6

λέλυκεν (You have loosened)

Question 7

1st Plural Perfect Active Indicative of λύω

Answer 7

λελύκαμεν (You have loosened)

Question 8

2nd PluralPerfect Active Indicative of λύω

Answer 8

λελύκατε (You all have loosened)

Question 9

3rd Plural Perfect Active Indicative of λύω

Answer 9

λελύκασι(ν) or λέλυκαν (They have loosened)

Question 10

Perfect Middle/Passive Indicative Paradigm of λύω

1st Sing.: ____
2nd Sing.: ___
3rd Sing.: ____

1st Pl.: ____
2nd Pl.: ___
3rd Pl.: ____

Answer 10

Perfect Middle/Passive Indicative Paradigm of λύω

1st Sing.: λέλυμαι (I have been loosened)
2nd Sing.: λέλυσαι (You have been loosened)
3rd Sing.: λέλυται (He/she/it has been loosened)

1st Pl.: λελύμεθα (We have been loosened)
2nd Pl.: λέλυσθε (You all have been loosened)
3rd Pl.: λέλυνται (They have been loosened)

Question 11

1st Singular Perfect Middle/Passive Indicative of λύω

Answer 11

λέλυμαι (I have been loosened)

Question 12

2nd Singular Perfect Middle/Passive Indicative of λύω

Answer 12

λέλυσαι (You have been loosened)

Question 13

3rd Singular Perfect Middle/Passive Indicative of λύω

Answer 13

λέλυται (He/she/it has been loosened)

Question 14

1st Plural Perfect Middle/Passive Indicative of λύω

Answer 14

λελύμεθα (We have been loosened)

Question 15

2nd Plural Perfect Middle/Passive Indicative of λύω

Answer 15

λέλυσθε (You all have been loosened)

Question 16

3rd Plural Perfect Middle/Passive Indicative of λύω

Answer 16

λέλυνται (They have been loosened)

Question 17

Do the middle and passive forms differ in the perfect tense?

Answer 17

No, they are the same

Question 18

Perfect active infinitive of λύω

Answer 18

λελυκέναι

Question 19

Perfect middle/passive infinitive of λύω

Answer 19

λελύσθαι

Question 20

The -κα suffix of the perfect tense is only used in which voice?

Answer 20

Active

Question 21

How do verbs that begin with “regular” consonant reduplicate in the perfect?

Answer 21

Consonant + ε (λύω to λέλυκα)

Question 22

How do verbs that begin with a vowel or dipthong reduplicate in the perfect?

Answer 22

By lengthening the vowel or dipthong (ἀγαπάω to ἠγάπηκα)

Question 23

How do verbs that begin with aspirated consonants (φ, θ, χ) reduplicate in the perfect?

Answer 23

With the unaspirated version of their consonant + ε

φ to π (φιλέω to πεφίληκα)
θ to τ (θεραπεύω to τεθεράπευκα)
χ to κ (χωρίζω to κεχώρικα)

Question 24

How do verbs that begin with “double” consonants (ψ, ζ, ξ) or with two consonants in a row reduplicate in the perfect?

Answer 24

By adding epsilon
(ζητέω to ἐζήτηκα)
(κτίζω to ἔκτισμαι)