Lesson 23 (Paradigms and Grammar) Flashcards
What does the subjunctive mood express?
Possibility or probability
The action is potential or contingent; it has not happened yet
The subjunctive has the characteristic of “futurity”
What word negates a subjunctive verb?
μή
not οὐ as in the indicative
What is the chief characteristic of the (formation of) subjunctive mood?
The long variable/connecting vowel (η/ω)
Do aorist subjunctive have the augment?
No; the augment only occurs in the indicative
Does the aorist passive subjunctive use active or passive endings?
Active endings (with a θ preceding)
What are the “independent” uses of the subjunctive?
Those cases in which the subjunctive verb is the main verb in the sentence/clause:
–hortatory (“let us”)
–deliberative (“shall we?”)
–emphatic negation (“never” “surely not”)
What are the “dependent” uses of the subjunctive?
Those cases in which the subjunctive verb is not the main verb in the sentence but is in a dependent clause:
–Purpose (“in order that”; “so that”)
–Conditional (“if”)
What is the hortatory subjunctive? How is it identified? How is it translated?
The subjunctive used for exhortations.
It is the first-person plural subjunctive.
Translated “let us…”
What is the deliberative subjunctive? How is it identified? How is it translated?
Used in questions of possibility, desirability, or necessity (things that might happen).
Identified by being in a question (direct or indirect).
Translated “shall … ?”.
What is the subjunctive of emphatic negation? How is it identified? How is it translated?
Strongly asserts that something will not happen
Identified by οὐ μή + Subjunctive
Translated “surely not” or “never”
What is the subjunctive in a purpose clause? How is it identified? How is it translated?
As its name suggests, it expresses purpose.
Usually introduced with ἵνα (“so that”) or ὅπως (“in order that”)
“So that”; “in order that”
What is the subjunctive in a conditional clause? How is it identified? How is it translated?
It presents conditions that have not occurred
ἐάν + subjunctive in the first clause (protasis) followed by another clause (which could be a variety of different constructions)
“If…”
Present active subjunctive paradigm of λύω:
1st Sing.: ____
2nd Sing.: ___
3rd Sing.: ____
1st Pl.: ____
2nd Pl.: ___
3rd Pl.: ____
Present active subjunctive paradigm of λύω:
1st Sing.: λύω
2nd Sing.: λύῃς
3rd Sing.: λύῃ
1st Pl.: λύωμεν
2nd Pl.: λύητε
3rd Pl.: λύωσι(ν)
Present middle/passive subjunctive paradigm of λύω:
1st Sing.: ____
2nd Sing.: ___
3rd Sing.: ____
1st Pl.: ____
2nd Pl.: ___
3rd Pl.: ____
Present middle/passive subjunctive paradigm of λύω:
1st Sing.: λύωμαι
2nd Sing.: λύῃ
3rd Sing.: λύηται
1st Pl.: λυώμεθα
2nd Pl.: λύησθε
3rd Pl.: λύωνται
Aorist active subjunctive paradigm of λύω:
1st Sing.: ____
2nd Sing.: ___
3rd Sing.: ____
1st Pl.: ____
2nd Pl.: ___
3rd Pl.: ____
Aorist active subjunctive paradigm of λύω:
1st Sing.: λύσω
2nd Sing.: λύσῃς
3rd Sing.: λύσῃ
1st Pl.: λύσωμεν
2nd Pl.: λύσητε
3rd Pl.: λύωσι(ν)
