Lesson 1 (Paradigms and Grammar) Flashcards
Before κ, χ, and ξ gamma (γ) makes this noise
Nasal “n” as in thing
ς is how sigma looks ________
when it is the last letter in a word (final sigma)
σ is how sigma looks ________
when it is anywhere except the last letter in the sentence (in which case a final sigman [ς] is used)
αι makes what sound
ai as in aisle
ει makes what sound
ei as in neighbor
οι makes what sound
oi as in oil
υι makes what sound
uee as in queen
αυ makes what sound
ow as in cow
ου makes what sound
oo as in food
How many syllables does a Greek word have?
The same number of vowels/dipthongs it has
Which Greek vowels are long?
η and ω are always long
α, ι, υ can be short or long
Which Greek vowels are short?
ε and ο are always short
α, ι, υ can be short or long
What is the last syllable of a word called in Greek?
Ultima
What is the second from last syllable of a word called in Greek?
Penult
What is the third from last syllable of a word called in Greek?
Antepenult
What syllable(s) can an acute accent ( ´ ) go over?
Ultima, penult, antepenult
It cannot go over a syllable before the antepenult
What syllable(s) can a circumflex accent ( ῀ ) go over?
Ultima, penult
The syllable must be long
What happens with accents if the ultima in a Greek word is long?
(1) The antepenult cannot be accented
(2) If the penult is accented it must have the acute
What happens with accents if the ultima in a Greek word is short?
(1) The antepenult can be accented (and would have to be acute)
(2) The penult, if long, must be a circumflex
What is the grave accent in Greek?
Essentially a substitute for a final acute (an acute accent on the last syllable in a word so long as the word does not have punctuation following it).
What does the dot above the line punctuation mark indicate in Greek?
A major pause, like a colon or semi colon in English.
What does the semicolon punctuation mark indicate in Greek?
A question. It has the same function as a question mark.
