Lesson 18 (Paradigms and Grammar)

Question 1

A participle is a ______.

Answer 1

Verbal adjective

Question 2

A participle has characteristic of both _____ and ______.

Answer 2

Verbs

Adjectives

Question 3

What characteristics of verbs do participles have?

Answer 3

Tense and Voice

Question 4

What characteristics of adjectives do participles have?

Answer 4

Case, gender, and number

Question 5

What two ways can participles function?

Answer 5

Adverbially

Adjectivally

Question 6

When functioning adverbially in a sentence, what does a participle primarily modify?

Answer 6

The main verb in the sentence (or clause)

Question 7

When functioning adjectivally in a sentence, what does a participle primarily modify?

Answer 7

The main noun or pronoun in the sentence (usually the subject of the sentence or clause)

Question 8

When a participle is preceded by an article (that matches it in case, gender, and number) how is functioning?

Answer 8

Adjectivally (either in attributive position or substantive position)

Question 9

When a participle is in attributive position what does it do to the noun?

Answer 9

Modifies it adjectivally / provides more information about it but does not stand in place of it

Question 10

When a participle is in substantive position what does it do to the noun?

Answer 10

Stands in place of it (there will be no other noun)

Question 11

When a participle is not preceded by an article (that matches it in case, gender, and number) how is functioning?

Answer 11

Adverbially (modifying another verb in the sentence, usually the main verb)

Question 12

How should participles be translated (to this point in the semester)?

Answer 12

with –ing: “[verb]ing” or a temporal phrase (e.g. “while he was speaking”)

Question 13

The action of a present tense participle normally occurs ______ the main verb in the sentence.

Answer 13

Simultaneously with (the action of the participle happens at the same time [is ongoing/continuous with] as the action of the main verb)

Question 14

Masculine Forms of the Present Participle of εἰμί

N / V: ___
G: ___
D: ___
A: ___

(Plural:)
N / V: \_\_\_
G: \_\_\_
D: \_\_\_
A: \_\_\_

Answer 14

Masculine Forms of the Present Participle of εἰμί

N / V: ὤν
G: ὄντος
D: ὄντι
A: ὄντα

(Plural:)
N / V: ὄντες
G: ὄντων
D: οὖσιν
A: ὄντας

Question 15

Feminine Forms of the Present Participle of εἰμί

N / V: ___
G: ___
D: ___
A: ___

(Plural:)
N / V: \_\_\_
G: \_\_\_
D: \_\_\_
A: \_\_\_

Answer 15

Feminine Forms of the Present Participle of εἰμί

N / V: οὖσα
G: οὔση
D: οὔσῃ
A: οὖσαν

(Plural:)
N / V: οὖσαι
G: οὐσῶν
D: οὔσαις
A: οὔσας

Question 16

Neuter Forms of the Present Participle of εἰμί

N / V: ___
G: ___
D: ___
A: ___

(Plural:)
N / V: \_\_\_
G: \_\_\_
D: \_\_\_
A: \_\_\_

Answer 16

Neuter Forms of the Present Participle of εἰμί

N / V: ὄν
G: ὄντος
D: ὄντι
A: ὄν

(Plural:)
N / V: ὄντα
G: ὄντων
D: οὖσιν
A: ὄντα

Question 17

How are present middle/passive participles formed?

Answer 17

Verb stem + ο connecting vowel + μεν + endings (masculine=second declension; feminine=first declension; neuter=second declension)

E.g.:
Masculine nominative singular = λυόμενος (λυ + ο + μεν + ος)

Question 18

How are present active participles formed?

Answer 18

Verb stem + forms of the present participle of εἰμί