Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

earthquake

A

地震

(じ・しん)

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2
Q

after quake, aftershock

A

余震

(よ・しん)

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3
Q

Japanese earthquake scale

A

震度

(しん・ど)

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4
Q

volcano

A

火山

(か・ざん)

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5
Q

active volcano

A

活火山

(かつ・か・ざん)

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6
Q

tsunami, tidal wave

A

津波

(つ・なみ)

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7
Q

flood

A

洪水

(こう・ずい)

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8
Q

tornado, twister

A

竜巻

(たつ・まき)

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9
Q

avalanche

A

雪崩

(なだれ)

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10
Q

typhoon

A

台風

(たい・ふう)

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11
Q

hurricane

A

ハリケーン

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12
Q

season

A

季節

(き・せつ)

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13
Q

weather forcast

A

天気予報

(てん・き・よ・ほう)

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14
Q

rainy season

A

梅雨

(つ・ゆ)

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15
Q

roof leak

A

雨漏り

(あま・もり)

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16
Q

heavy rain

A

大雨

(おお・あめ)

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17
Q

snow storm; blizzard

A

吹雪

(ふ・ぶき)

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18
Q

heavy rain (similar to raining cats and dogs)

A

どしゃぶり

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19
Q

damage; injury; harm

A

被害

(ひ・がい)

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20
Q

method; process; manner; way

A

方法

(ほう・ほう)

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21
Q

factory; plant; mill; workshop

A

工場

(こう・じょう)

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22
Q

line; queue; row; column

A

(れつ)

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23
Q

school commute

A

通学

(つう・がく)

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24
Q

influence; effect

A

影響

(えい・きょう)

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25
Q

out of stock

A

品切れ

(しな・ぎれ)

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26
Q

amount; quantity

A

(りょう)

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27
Q

tourist; vistor

A

観光客

(かん・こう・きゃく)

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28
Q

fixed day off

A

定休日

(てい・きゅう・び)

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29
Q

especially; in particular

A

特に

(とく)

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30
Q

for a while; awhile

A

しばらく

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31
Q

to occur; to happen; to arise

A

起きる

(お)

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32
Q

to be careful; to pay attention; to warn

A

注意する

(ちゅう・い)

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33
Q

to rain; to snow; to fall

A

降る

(ふ)

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34
Q

to do business; to be open (stores, etc)

A

営業する

(えい・ぎょう)

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35
Q

to be afraid

A

怖がる

(こわ)

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36
Q

to move; to run

A

動く

(うご)

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37
Q

to erupt; to spout

A

噴火する

(ふん・か)

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38
Q

to increase; to grow

A

増える

(ふ)

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39
Q

to increase; to grow

A

増やす

(ふ)

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40
Q

to occur, to happen, to arise

A

起きる

(お)

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41
Q

(event) occurs

A

(event) が起きる

(が)

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42
Q

Between us, a variety of problems are occuring.

A

私たちの間では、色々な問題が起きています。

(わたし)(あいだ)(いろいろ)(もん・だい)(お)

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43
Q

I don’t want earthquakes to occur anymore.

A

もう地震が起きてほしくないです。

(じ・しん)(お)

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44
Q

to warn, be cautious; be careful; pay attention

A

注意する

(ちゅう・い)

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45
Q

to warn a (person/thing)

A

(person/thing) に注意する

(ちゅう・い)

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46
Q

When you drive this road, you should be careful

A

この道を運転する時は、注意した方がいいです。

(みち)(うん・てん)(とき)(ちゅう・い)(ほう)

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47
Q

When I talk to my boss, I am always careful with my words.

A

私は上司と話す時、いつも言葉に注意します。

(わたし)(じょうし)(はな)(とき)(こと・ば)(ちゅう・い)

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48
Q

to fall; to come down (rain, snow, etc.)

A

降る

(ふ)

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49
Q

(rain, snow, etc.) falls

A

(rain, snow etc.) が降る

(ふ)

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50
Q

It’s been raining continually since yesterday.

A

昨日からずっと雨が降っていますね。

(きのう)(あめ)(ふ)

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51
Q

Last winter it didn’t snow that much.

A

去年の冬は、あまり雪が降りませんでした。

(きょ・ねん)(ふゆ)(ゆき)(ふ)

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52
Q

I wonder if it will rain on sports day.

A

体育の日に雨降らないかなぁ。

(たい・く)(あめ)(ふ)

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53
Q

to move, to run (work)

A

動く

(うご)

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54
Q

(thing, person) moves/works

A

(thing, person) が動く

(うご)

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55
Q

My baby (in my stomach) moved now!

A

今、お腹の赤ちゃんが動いた!

(いま)(なか)(あか)(うご)

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56
Q

Recently, my computer doesn’t work properly. (動く can sometimes be used to say something is broken when in negative, usually if the object has moving parts)

A

最近、私のパソコンがちゃんと動かない。

(さい・きん)(わたし)(うご)

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57
Q

My car doesn’t run, so could you please take a look at it?

A

車が動かないので、見ていただけますか。

(くるま)(うご)

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58
Q

to erupt (volcano)

A

噴火する

(ふん・か)

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59
Q

(something erupts)

A

(something) が噴火する

(ふん・か)

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60
Q

Volcanoes that erupt even now are called “active volcanoes.”

A

今でも噴火する火山は「活火山」といいます。

(いま)(ふん・か)(か・ざん)(かつ・か・ざん)

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61
Q

If Mt. Fuji erupts, what will happen to Tokyo?

A

富士山が噴火したら、東京はどうなるでしょうか。

(ふ・じ・さん)(ふん・か)(とう・きょう)

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62
Q

to run a business; be open in operation

A

営業する

(えい・ぎょう)

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63
Q

to run (a store, etc.)

A

(store, etc) を営業する

(えい・ぎょう)

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64
Q

This department store is open from 10 in the morning to 8 at night.

A

このデパートは午前10時から午後8時まで営業しています。

(ご・ぜん)(ご・ご)(えい・ぎょう)

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65
Q

Our store couldn’t operate the day the earthquake happened.

A

うちの店は、地震が起きた日は営業できませんでした。

(みせ)(じ・しん)(お)(えい・ぎょう)

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66
Q

This store’s fixed closed day is Tuesday, but this Tuesday it will be unusually open.

A

この店は火曜日が定休日ですが、今週の火曜日は、珍しく営業します。

(みせ)(か・よう・び)(てい・きゅう・び)(こん・しゅう)(めずら)(えい・ぎょう)

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67
Q

We are open (storefront)

A

営業中

(えい・ぎょう・ちゅう)

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68
Q

to increase; to grow in numbers (descriptive)

A

増える

(ふ)

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69
Q

(something) increases

A

(something) が増える

(ふ)

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70
Q

to increase; to grow in numbers (action)

A

増やす

(ふ)

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71
Q

to increase (something)

A

(something) を増やす

(ふ)

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72
Q

Recently my workload has increased.

A

最近、仕事の量が増えました。

(さい・きん)(し・ごと)(りょう)(ふ)

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73
Q

All over the world, (the number of) Japanese anime fans are increasing.

A

日本のアニメは、全世界でファンが増えています。

(ぜん・せ・かい)(ふ)

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74
Q

If you want to lose weight, let’s increase the amount of exercise

A

痩せたいなら、運動量を増やしましょう。

(や)(うん・どう・りょう)(ふ)

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75
Q

Because I started to work, I want to increase my savings.

A

仕事を始めたから、貯金を増やしたいです。

(し・ごと)(はじ)(ちょ・きん)(ふ)

76
Q

To be afraid to; to fear; to be frightened

used only when taking about others

A

怖がる

(こわ)

77
Q

to be afraid of (something)

A

(something) を怖がる

(こわ)

78
Q

Don’t be afraid

A

怖がらないで下さい。

(こわ)

79
Q

Our dog is afraid of typhoons.

A

うちの犬は、台風を怖がります。

(たい・ふう)(こわ)

80
Q

Don’t act like you are frightened

A

怖がっているふりをしないで下さい。

(こわ)

81
Q

My younger sister was afraid of entering the pool until last year, but now she is okay.

A

妹は去年までプールに入るのを怖がっていましたが、今はもう大丈夫です。

(いもうと)(きょ・ねん)(はい)(こわ)(だい・じょう・ぶ)

82
Q

(something) you [私] fear pattern

A

(something) が怖い

(こわ)

83
Q

What are you scared of?

A

何を怖がっているんですか。

84
Q

I am scared of that dog over there.

A

あの犬が怖いんです。

(こわ)

85
Q

I am afraid of heights.

A

高いところが怖いんです。

(たか)(こわ)

86
Q

Grammar Rule with nouns, い adjectives, な adjectives, and verbs

A

んです - Always use with verbs, nouns, and all adjectives

なんです - present (positive) tense nouns and な adjectives

87
Q

Uses of (な)んです

A
  • Asking for confirmation
  • Providing a reason
  • Changes the tone, but not the meaning
  • Used to show emphasis
88
Q

It’s an interview (reason)

A

面接なんです。

(めん・せつ)

89
Q

It’s not an interview (reason)

A

面接じゃないんです。

(めん・せつ)

90
Q

It was an interview (reason)

A

面接だったんです。

(めん・せつ)

91
Q

It is necessary (reason)

A

必要なんです。

(ひつ・よう)

92
Q

It’s not necessary (reason)

A

必要じゃないんです。

(ひつ・よう)

93
Q

It wasn’t necessary (reason)

A

必要じゃなかったんです。

(ひつ・よう)

94
Q

It’s cold. (to the touch) (reason)

A

冷たいんです。

(つめ)

95
Q

It isn’t cold (reason)

A

冷たくないんです。

(つめ)

96
Q

It was cold (reason)

A

冷たかったんです。

(つめ)

97
Q

It’s increasing (reason)

A

増えているんです。

(ふ)

98
Q

It isn’t increasing (reason)

A

増えていないんです。

(ふ)

99
Q

It didn’t increase (reason)

A

増えなかったんです。

(ふ)

100
Q

Are you going home? (confirming reason)

A

帰るんですか。

(かえ)

101
Q

Yes, my head hurts. (reason expressed)

A

はい、頭が痛いんです。

(あたま)(いた)

102
Q

When do you have a test? (confirming)

A

いつ、テストがあるんですか。(A is assuming B has a test)

103
Q

It’s tomorrow. (reason expressed)

A

明日なんです。

(あした)

104
Q

How come you aren’t driving? (A is assuming B can drive)

A

どうして車を運転しないんですか。

(くるま)(うん・てん)

105
Q

My wife is using the car. (response to assumption)

A

奥さんが使っているんです。

(おく)(つか)

106
Q

How come you are going to Kyoto? (A knows B is going to Kyoto and is curious why)

A

どうして京都へ行くんですか。

(きょう・と)

107
Q

I like the temples of Kyoto. (explaining reason)

A

京都のお寺が好きなんです。

(きょう・と)(てら)

108
Q

What happened?

A

どうしたんですか。(emphasis added)

109
Q

My stomach hurts.

A

お腹が痛いんです。(emphasis added)

(なか)(いた)

110
Q

How is summer in Japan?

A

日本の夏はどうですか。

(なつ)

111
Q

It is so muggy. (emphasis)

A

蒸し暑いんです。

(む)(あつ)

112
Q

It’s so cold. (emphasis)

A

寒いんですよ。

(さむ)

113
Q

Is your baby fine?

A

赤ちゃんは元気ですか。

(げん・き)

114
Q

Yes. She has gotten so big! (emphasis)

A

はい、大きくなったんですよ。

115
Q

She is so full of energy. (emphasis)

A

元気いっぱいなんです。

116
Q

How was your test?

A

テストはどうでしたか。

117
Q

I got 100 points. (emphasis)

A

100点だったんです。

(てん)

118
Q

It wasn’t good at all. (emphasis)

A

全然だめだったんです。

(ぜん・ぜん)

119
Q

Can be used to state a reason

A

んです or から

120
Q

Why won’t you buy a new car?

A

何で、新しい車を買わないんですか。

(あたら)(か)

121
Q

It’s because I don’t have money.

A

お金がないんです。

122
Q

It’s because I don’t have money.

A

お金がないからです。

123
Q

Fact based reason, clear and unambiguous, direct

A

~からです

124
Q

emotion and emphasis, softer, indirect

A

~(な)んです

125
Q

Why did you take a day off from work? (indirect)

A

何で仕事を休んだんですか。

(し・ごと)

126
Q

It’s that my child was sick.

A

子供が病気だったんです。

(こ・ども)(びょう・き)

127
Q

Because my child was sick.

A

子どもが病気だったからです。

(こ)(びょう・き)

128
Q

Why aren’t you studying for the test?

A

何でテスト勉強しないんですか。

(べん・きょう)

129
Q

It’s that I don’t want to do it.

A

やりたくないんです。

130
Q

Because I don’t want to do it.

A

やりたくないからです。

131
Q

~while; indicates doing two actions at once

A

~ながら

132
Q

ながら connection pattern

A
(1st action) い form + ながら + (2nd action)
while doing (1st action), I (2nd action any tense)
133
Q

while going

A

行きながら

134
Q

while riding

A

乗りながら

(の)

135
Q

while washing

A

洗いながら

(あら)

136
Q

while eating

A

食べながら

137
Q

while sleeping

A

寝ながら

(ね)

138
Q

while watching

A

見ながら

139
Q

while doing

A

しながら

140
Q

I will study while eating.

A

食べながら、勉強します。

(べん・きょう)

141
Q

I want to study while eating.

A

食べながら、勉強したいです。

(べん・きょう)

142
Q

I studied while eating.

A

食べながら、勉強しました。

(べん・きょう)

143
Q

I think I will study while eating.

A

食べながら、勉強すると思う

(べん・きょう)

144
Q

I often study while watching TV.

A

私はよくテレビを見ながら、勉強します。

(べん・きょう)

145
Q

It is difficult to read a book while listening to music.

A

音楽を聴きながら、本を読むのは難しいです。

(おん・がく)(き)(よ)(むずか)

146
Q

Please don’t talk on the cell phone while driving.

A

運転しながら、携帯電話で話さないで下さい。

(うん・てん)(けい・たい・でん・わ)(はな)

147
Q

Difference between あいだ and ながら

A

ながら - attached to an action, both actions must be done by the same person
あいだ - period of time, can be done by different people

148
Q

I work while going to school. (action)

A

大学に行きながら、仕事をしています。

(だい・がく)(し・ごと)

149
Q

During the time I went to school, I also worked. (time period)

A

大学に行っている間、仕事もしました。

(だい・がく)(あいだ)(し・ごと)

150
Q

I cook while listening to music.

A

私は音楽を聴きながら、料理をします。

(わたし)(おん・がく)(き)(りょう・り)

151
Q

My mom cooks while I’m listening to music.

A

私が音楽を聴いている間、母は料理します。

(わたし)(おん・がく)(き)(あいだ)(はは)(りょう・り)

152
Q

I don’t look at my smartphone while driving.

A

私は運転しながら、スマホを見ません。

(うん・てん)

153
Q

I look at my smartphone while my friend is driving.

A

私が運転している間、友達はスマホを見ています。

(うん・てん)(あいだ)(とも・だち)

154
Q

I went to Tokyo, but I didn’t go to Osaka.

A

東京に行ったけど、大阪には行かなかったです。

(とう・きょう)(おお・さか)

155
Q

Japanese people often drink green tea, but I think Americans don’t drink it that much.

A

日本人はよく緑茶を飲みますが、アメリカ人はあまり飲まないと思います。

(りょ・ちゃ)(の)

156
Q

I lived in Japan for 10 years, but I don’t speak Japanese at all. (expressing result that is different from what is expected)

A

日本に10年間住んだ「けど」、日本語が全然話せないです。

expectation is after 10 years you should speak Japanese pretty well

(ねん・かん)(す)(ぜん・ぜん)(はな)

157
Q

My youngest sister lives in Japan, she works for a famous Japanese company. (stating background information)

A

私は妹は日本に住んでるんだ「けど」、日本の有名な会社で働いています。

The fact that the younger sister is living in Japan has no relation to her working at the company. There is no English equivalent so けど simply acts as a connector.

(いもうと)(す)(ゆう・めい)(かい・しゃ)(はたら)

158
Q

I want to buy a present for my friend, I wonder what’s good.

A

友達にプレゼントを買いたいんだけど、何がいいかな。

けど is left out of the translation, it’s just acting as a connector

(とも・だち)(か)

159
Q

Yesterday I got back from Japan, I am really tired.

A

昨日、日本から帰ってきましたが、本当に疲れました。

(きのう)(ほん・とう)(つか)

160
Q

The tsunami the other day was rough. Were you okay?

A

この間、津波が起きて大変でしたね。大丈夫でしたか。

(あいだ)(つ・なみ)(お)(たい・へん)(だい・じょう・ぶ)

161
Q

Yes, I was okay. How about you?

A

はい、大丈夫でした。林さんは?

(だい・じょう・ぶ)(はやし)

162
Q

We don’t worry about tsunami, but due to the downpour or rain, there was damage.

A

家は津波の心配はないんですが、どしゃぶりの雨で近所に被害が出ました。

(つ・なみ)(しん・ぱい)(きん・じょ)(ひ・がい)

163
Q

I see. Let’s be careful from now on.

A

そうですか。これからも注意しましょう。

(ちゅう・い)

164
Q

Yesterday when I went to the supermarket, there were a lot of things sold out.

A

昨日、スーパーに行ったら、品切れのものがたくさんありました。

(きのう)(しな・ぎ)

165
Q

Ahh. That’s the effect of the earthquake.

A

ああ。それは地震の影響ですね。

(じ・しん)(えい・きょう)

166
Q

Right, you can’t cook because gas can’t be used.

A

ガスが使えなくて、料理ができないですから。

(つか)(りょう・り)

167
Q

It’s a problem when they run out of things to eat.

A

食べる物がなくなるのは、困りますね。

(もの)(こま)

168
Q

There are always a lot of people on Japanese trains.

A

日本の電車はいつも人がいっぱいだね。

(でん・しゃ)

169
Q

Yeah, there are especially a lot since it’s work and school commute time.

A

うん。今は通勤と通学の時間だから、特に多いよ。

(つう・きん)(つう・がく)(とく)(おお)

170
Q

There are also a lot of people with suitcases.

A

スーツケースを持ってる人もたくさんいるね。

(も)

171
Q

You are right. That’s because of an increased number of tourists from abroad.

A

そうだね。外国からの観光客が増えたから。

(がい・こく)(かん・こう・きゃく)(ふ)

172
Q

Did you see the weather report?

A

天気予報を見た?

(てん・き・よ・ほう)

173
Q

Yeah. There’s a typhoon coming tomorrow.

A

うん。明日は台風が来るんだね。

(あした)(たい・ふう)(く)

174
Q

Right. I wonder if school will be off.

A

そう。学校が休みになるかな。

175
Q

Maybe. I hope there isn’t any big damage.

A

多分ね。大きな被害が出なかったらいいね。

(ひ・がい)

176
Q

The earthquake yesterday was scary, huh?

A

昨日の地震は怖かったですね。

(きのう)(じ・しん)(こわ)

177
Q

Yes, it was. Our kid is still frightened.

A

そうですね。うちの子はまだ怖がっているんです。

(こわ)

178
Q

Since it was such a big earthquake, that can’t be helped.

A

大きい地震だったから、しょうがないですよ。

(じ・しん)

179
Q

Yes, Today he went to school while being cautious.

A

ええ。今日は注意しながら、学校へ行きました。

(ちゅう・い)

180
Q

How is the store recently?

A

「最近、お店はどうですか。」

(さい・きん)(みせ)

181
Q

It’s busy. Since it’s hotter this year than last, cold things are selling well.

A

「忙しいですよ。今年は去年より暑いので、冷たいものがよく売れています。」

(いそが)(ことし)(きょ・ねん)(あつ)(つめ)(う)

182
Q

Once summer vacation starts, you’ll get more customers.

A

「夏休みに入ったら、もっとお客さんが増えますね。」

(なつ・やす)(はい)(きゃく)(ふ)

183
Q

Yes. Every day during summer vacation we are open until 12 at night. At night the part-time staff is working hard.

A

「はい。毎日夏休みの間は夜12時まで営業しています。夜はアルバイトの子が頑張ってくれています。」

(まい・にち)(なつ・やす)(あいだ)(よる)(えい・ぎょう)(がん・ば)

184
Q

Actually our son is looking for a part-time job. If you need people, can I ask that you consider my son?

A

「実は、うちの息子がアルバイトを探しているんです。もし人が必要なら、息子をお願いできませんか。」

(じつ)(むす・こ)(さが)(ひつ・よう)(ねが)

185
Q

Sure my wife is helping with the register work while doing housework. So I would be happy if your son could come.

A

「いいですよ。今は家内がうちの事をしながら、レジの仕事を手伝ってくれているんです。だから、息子さんが来てくれたら嬉しいです。」

(か・ない)(こと)(し・ごと)(て・つだ)(むす・こ)(き)(うれ)