Lesson 1 Flashcards
Psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a
response that is not typical or culturally expected.
Psychological Disorder
refers to a breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning.
Psychological Dysfunction
Individual is extremely upset and cannot function properly.
Distress or Impairment
Deviates from the average or the norm of the culture.
Atypical or Not Culturally Expected
Scientific study of
psychological disorders.
Psychopathology
Received Ph.D. and follow a course of graduate-level study lasting approx. 5 years.
Clinical/Counseling Psychologist
A psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an object or situation.
Phobia
Another term for psychological disorder.
Problematic abnormal behavior
A related concept that is also useful is to determine whether the
behavior is out of the individual’s control (something the person
doesn’t want to do).
Harmful dysfunction
Focus on clinical training and deemphasize or eliminates research training
Psy.D.
Integrate clinical and research training
o Psychiatrists – first earn an M.D. in med school, then specialize in Psychiatry
Ph.D.
Rarns master’s in social work as they develop expertise in collecting information relevant to the social and
family situation of the individual
Psychiatric Social Workers
They may keep up with the latest scientific developments in their field
and utilize the knowledge in their practice
Scientist-practitioners
Traditional shorthand way of indicating why the person
came to the clinic; answers “what?”
Presenting problem/Presents
Represents the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specic disorder.
Clinical description
Refers both to the types of problems or disorders that you would find in a clinic or hospital and to the activities
connected with assessment and treatment.
Clinical
Statistical concepts/figures
Prevalence
Incidence
Sex ratio
Statistical concept/figure which answers how many people in the population as a whole have the disorder.
Prevalence
Statistical concept/figure which answers how many new cases occur during a given period, such as a year
Incidence
Types of course
Chronic
Episodic
Time-limited
Somewhat individual pattern that most disorders follow.
Course
A course that tends to last a long time, sometimes a lifetime
Chronic
A course where the individual is likely to recover within a few months only to suffer a recurrence of the disorder at a later time; worse when recurred.
Episodic
A course where the disorder will improve without
treatment in a relatively short period with little or no risk of
recurrence; will be experienced whether you like it or not; won’t stay
Time-limited
Types of onset
Acute
Insidious
An onset that begins suddenly
Acute
An onset that develops gradually over an extended period of time; harmful; something bad will happen
Insidious
The anticipated course of disorder; assesses if good or bad
Prognosis
Causes & factors from behavioral & cognitive processes
Psychological dimension
Chemical imbalance in the body; biological determinance
Biological dimension
A surgical procedure in which a circular piece of bone is drilled and excised, most commonly from the human skull.
Trephination
Study of origins; has to do with why a disorder begins (what causes it); includes biological, psychological,
and social dimensions.
Etiology
3 major models that have guided us date back to the beginnings of
civilization.
Supernatural model
Biological model
Psychological model
Being hysterical, too emotional, exaggerated, and has extreme emotions; treated as being possessed
Hysteria
Views psychological disorder as being possessed by an evil spirit
Demonoligical model
Contagious manifestations; practiced continuously; persecutory delusions
Shared psychosis
Whole groups of people were
simultaneously compelled to run out in the streets, dance, shout, rave, and jump around in patterns as if they were a particularly wild party
Mass hysteria
Rejected the notions of possession and suggested that the movement
of moon and starts had profound effects on people’s psychological functioning
Paracelsus
Founder of modern psychiatry;
used compassion and pioneering approach in treating mental illness in Europe during the time of witchcraft
Johann Weyer
Father of Modern Medicine; started scientific approach on viewing abnormalities
Hippocrates
4 humors of Hippocrates
Blood (Sanguine)
Yellow Bile (Choleric)
Black Bile (Melancholic)
Phlegm (Phlegmatic
Humor of very positive people.
Blood/Sanguine
Humor of short-tempered people
Yellow bile/choleric
Humor of introspective and sentimental people; possible to commit suicide
Black bile/Melancholic
Humor of calm and unemotional people
Phlegm/Phlegmatic
A process where a carefully measured amount of blood was removed from the body, often with leeches.
Bleeding/Bloodletting
Cause of certain aspects that affects your system
Multidimensional
A sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial microorganism entering the brain, include believing that
everyone is plotting against you
Advanced syphilis
Psychological disorders characterized in part by beliefs that are not based in reality (delusions), perceptions that are not based in reality (hallucinations), or both
Psychosis
The procedure where they’ll be using increasingly higher dosages until,
Finally, patients convulsed and became temporarily comatose
Insulin shock therapy
A drug that diminished hallucinatory and delusional thought processes in some patients; controlled agitation and aggressiveness.
Neuroleptics
A drug that seemed to reduce anxiety.
Benzodiazepines
Approaches to the causation of psychopathology, which focus not
only on psychological factors but also on social and cultural ones.
Psychosocial treatment
A form of therapy which includes treating institutionalized patients as normally as possible in a setting that encouraged and reinforced normal social interaction
Moral Therapy
The first major approach in psychology; elaborate theory of the structure of the mind and the role of unconscious processes in determining behavior
Psychoanalysis
2nd major approach in psychology which focuses on how learning and adaptation affect the development of psychopathology.
Behaviourism
Recalling and reliving emotional trauma that has been made unconscious and to release the accompanying tension.
Catharsis
The most comprehensive theory yet
constructed on the development and structure of our personalities.
Psychoanalytic model
Unconscious protective processes that keep primitive emotions associated with conflicts in check so that the ego can continue its coordinating function.
Defense mechanisms
Conflicts that may takeover if id and superego get too strong.
Intrapsychic conflicts
The underlying assumption is that all of us could reach our highest
potential, in all areas of functioning, if only we had the freedom
to grow
Self-actualizing
An approach where the therapist takes a passive role, making as few
interpretations as possible.
Person-centered therapy
The complete and almost unqualified acceptance of most of the client’s feelings and actions, is critical to the humanistic approach.
Unconditional positive regard
Subjects simply reported on their inner thoughts and feelings aer experiencing certain stimuli, but the results of this “armchair” psychology were inconsistent and discouraging to many experimental psychologists
Introspection
Individuals were gradually
introduced to the objects or situations they feared so that their
fear could extinguish; that is, they could test reality and see that
nothing bad happened in the presence of the phobic object or
scene.
Systematic desensitization.
a process of reinforcing
successive approximations to a final behavior or set of behaviors.
Shaping
