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Abnormal Psychology > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a
response that is not typical or culturally expected.

A

Psychological Disorder

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2
Q

refers to a breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning.

A

Psychological Dysfunction

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3
Q

Individual is extremely upset and cannot function properly.

A

Distress or Impairment

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4
Q

Deviates from the average or the norm of the culture.

A

Atypical or Not Culturally Expected

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5
Q

Scientific study of
psychological disorders.

A

Psychopathology

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6
Q

Received Ph.D. and follow a course of graduate-level study lasting approx. 5 years.

A

Clinical/Counseling Psychologist

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7
Q

A psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an object or situation.

A

Phobia

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8
Q

Another term for psychological disorder.

A

Problematic abnormal behavior

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9
Q

A related concept that is also useful is to determine whether the
behavior is out of the individual’s control (something the person
doesn’t want to do).

A

Harmful dysfunction

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10
Q

Focus on clinical training and deemphasize or eliminates research training

A

Psy.D.

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11
Q

Integrate clinical and research training
o Psychiatrists – first earn an M.D. in med school, then specialize in Psychiatry

A

Ph.D.

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12
Q

Rarns master’s in social work as they develop expertise in collecting information relevant to the social and
family situation of the individual

A

Psychiatric Social Workers

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13
Q

They may keep up with the latest scientific developments in their field
and utilize the knowledge in their practice

A

Scientist-practitioners

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14
Q

Traditional shorthand way of indicating why the person
came to the clinic; answers “what?”

A

Presenting problem/Presents

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15
Q

Represents the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specic disorder.

A

Clinical description

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16
Q

Refers both to the types of problems or disorders that you would find in a clinic or hospital and to the activities
connected with assessment and treatment.

A

Clinical

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17
Q

Statistical concepts/figures

A

Prevalence
Incidence
Sex ratio

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18
Q

Statistical concept/figure which answers how many people in the population as a whole have the disorder.

A

Prevalence

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19
Q

Statistical concept/figure which answers how many new cases occur during a given period, such as a year

A

Incidence

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20
Q

Types of course

A

Chronic
Episodic
Time-limited

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21
Q

Somewhat individual pattern that most disorders follow.

A

Course

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22
Q

A course that tends to last a long time, sometimes a lifetime

A

Chronic

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23
Q

A course where the individual is likely to recover within a few months only to suffer a recurrence of the disorder at a later time; worse when recurred.

A

Episodic

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24
Q

A course where the disorder will improve without
treatment in a relatively short period with little or no risk of
recurrence; will be experienced whether you like it or not; won’t stay

A

Time-limited

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25
Q

Types of onset

A

Acute
Insidious

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26
Q

An onset that begins suddenly

A

Acute

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27
Q

An onset that develops gradually over an extended period of time; harmful; something bad will happen

A

Insidious

28
Q

The anticipated course of disorder; assesses if good or bad

A

Prognosis

29
Q

Causes & factors from behavioral & cognitive processes

A

Psychological dimension

30
Q

Chemical imbalance in the body; biological determinance

A

Biological dimension

31
Q

A surgical procedure in which a circular piece of bone is drilled and excised, most commonly from the human skull.

A

Trephination

32
Q

Study of origins; has to do with why a disorder begins (what causes it); includes biological, psychological,
and social dimensions.

A

Etiology

33
Q

3 major models that have guided us date back to the beginnings of
civilization.

A

Supernatural model
Biological model
Psychological model

34
Q

Being hysterical, too emotional, exaggerated, and has extreme emotions; treated as being possessed

A

Hysteria

35
Q

Views psychological disorder as being possessed by an evil spirit

A

Demonoligical model

36
Q

Contagious manifestations; practiced continuously; persecutory delusions

A

Shared psychosis

37
Q

Whole groups of people were
simultaneously compelled to run out in the streets, dance, shout, rave, and jump around in patterns as if they were a particularly wild party

A

Mass hysteria

38
Q

Rejected the notions of possession and suggested that the movement
of moon and starts had profound effects on people’s psychological functioning

A

Paracelsus

39
Q

Founder of modern psychiatry;
used compassion and pioneering approach in treating mental illness in Europe during the time of witchcraft

A

Johann Weyer

40
Q

Father of Modern Medicine; started scientific approach on viewing abnormalities

A

Hippocrates

41
Q

4 humors of Hippocrates

A

Blood (Sanguine)
Yellow Bile (Choleric)
Black Bile (Melancholic)
Phlegm (Phlegmatic

42
Q

Humor of very positive people.

A

Blood/Sanguine

43
Q

Humor of short-tempered people

A

Yellow bile/choleric

44
Q

Humor of introspective and sentimental people; possible to commit suicide

A

Black bile/Melancholic

45
Q

Humor of calm and unemotional people

A

Phlegm/Phlegmatic

46
Q

A process where a carefully measured amount of blood was removed from the body, often with leeches.

A

Bleeding/Bloodletting

47
Q

Cause of certain aspects that affects your system

A

Multidimensional

48
Q

A sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial microorganism entering the brain, include believing that
everyone is plotting against you

A

Advanced syphilis

49
Q

Psychological disorders characterized in part by beliefs that are not based in reality (delusions), perceptions that are not based in reality (hallucinations), or both

A

Psychosis

50
Q

The procedure where they’ll be using increasingly higher dosages until,
Finally, patients convulsed and became temporarily comatose

A

Insulin shock therapy

51
Q

A drug that diminished hallucinatory and delusional thought processes in some patients; controlled agitation and aggressiveness.

A

Neuroleptics

52
Q

A drug that seemed to reduce anxiety.

A

Benzodiazepines

53
Q

Approaches to the causation of psychopathology, which focus not
only on psychological factors but also on social and cultural ones.

A

Psychosocial treatment

54
Q

A form of therapy which includes treating institutionalized patients as normally as possible in a setting that encouraged and reinforced normal social interaction

A

Moral Therapy

55
Q

The first major approach in psychology; elaborate theory of the structure of the mind and the role of unconscious processes in determining behavior

A

Psychoanalysis

56
Q

2nd major approach in psychology which focuses on how learning and adaptation affect the development of psychopathology.

A

Behaviourism

57
Q

Recalling and reliving emotional trauma that has been made unconscious and to release the accompanying tension.

A

Catharsis

58
Q

The most comprehensive theory yet
constructed on the development and structure of our personalities.

A

Psychoanalytic model

59
Q

Unconscious protective processes that keep primitive emotions associated with conflicts in check so that the ego can continue its coordinating function.

A

Defense mechanisms

60
Q

Conflicts that may takeover if id and superego get too strong.

A

Intrapsychic conflicts

61
Q

The underlying assumption is that all of us could reach our highest
potential, in all areas of functioning, if only we had the freedom
to grow

A

Self-actualizing

62
Q

An approach where the therapist takes a passive role, making as few
interpretations as possible.

A

Person-centered therapy

63
Q

The complete and almost unqualified acceptance of most of the client’s feelings and actions, is critical to the humanistic approach.

A

Unconditional positive regard

64
Q

Subjects simply reported on their inner thoughts and feelings aer experiencing certain stimuli, but the results of this “armchair” psychology were inconsistent and discouraging to many experimental psychologists

A

Introspection

65
Q

Individuals were gradually
introduced to the objects or situations they feared so that their
fear could extinguish; that is, they could test reality and see that
nothing bad happened in the presence of the phobic object or
scene.

A

Systematic desensitization.

66
Q

a process of reinforcing
successive approximations to a final behavior or set of behaviors.

A

Shaping

Abnormal Psychology (23 decks)

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