Chapter 8

Question 1

Characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related behavior that results in the altered consumption or absorption of food and that significantly impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning.

Answer 1

Feeding and eating disorders

Question 2

Persistent eating of nonnutritive, nonfood substances over a period of 1 month.

Answer 2

Pica

Question 3

Repeated regurgitation of food over a period of at least 1 month. Regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out.

Answer 3

Rumination disorder

Question 4

Main diagnostic feature is avoidance or restriction of food intake that is associated with one or more of the following consequences:

significant weight loss, significant nutritional deficiency (or related health impact), dependence on enteral feeding or oral nutritional supplements, or marked interference with psychosocial functioning (Criterion A).

Answer 4

Avoidant/restrictive Food Intake
Disorder

Question 5

Individual maintains a body weight that is below a minimally normal level for age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health (Criterion A); three essential features are persistent energy intake restriction; intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat, or
persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain; and a disturbance in self perceived weight or shape.

Answer 5

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 6

Individuals that binge eat also purge through self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas; subtype of anorexia nervosa.

Answer 6

binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa

Question 7

There are three essential features of this disorder: recurrent episodes of binge eating (Criterion A), recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain (Criterion B), and self-evaluation that is unduly influenced by body shape and weight (Criterion D).

Answer 7

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 8

Defined as eating, in a discrete period of
time, an amount of food that is definitely larger than most individuals would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances (Criterion A1)

Answer 8

Episode of binge eating

Question 9

Refers to a limited period, usually less than 2 hours.

Answer 9

discrete period of time

Question 10

4 Purging Techniques

Answer 10

Self-induced vomiting
Misuse of laxatives and diuretics
Misuse of enemas
May fast a day or more or exercise
excessively in an attempt to prevent
weight gain.

Question 11

Type of purging behavior, is the most common inappropriate compensatory behavior.

Answer 11

Self-induced vomiting

Question 12

Purging technique to help you empty your bowels

Answer 12

Misuse of laxatives and diuretics

Question 13

Purging technique by injections of fluids
used to cleanse or stimulate the emptying
of your bowel.

Answer 13

Misuse of enemas

Question 14

Recurrent episodes of bunge-eating; Essential feature of this disorder is recurrent episodes of binge eating that must occur, on average, at least once per week for 3 months
(Criterion D).

Answer 14

Binge-Eating Disorder

Question 15

Drug treatment for Pica (option only, not treatment)

Answer 15

Zyprexa

Question 16

Drug treatment for Rumination Disorder

Answer 16

Baclofen

Question 17

Drug treatment for Bulimia nervosa

Answer 17

fluoxetine (Prozac) - antidepressant

Question 18

Drug treatment for Binge-eating disorder

Answer 18

Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate
(Vyvanse),
Topiramate (Topamax)
Antidepressants

Question 19

Psychological Treatments for eating disorders

Answer 19

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
● Family-based therapy
● Individual therapy
● Interpersonal psychotherapy

Question 20

Abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that
presents a risk to health.

Answer 20

Obesity

Question 21

2 forms of Maladaptive Patterns in People
with Obesity

Answer 21

Binge-eating
Night eating syndrome

Question 22

Consumption of large quantities of food in a short period of time

Answer 22

Binge-eating

Question 23

Causes people to wake up and eat several times a night in order to fall back to sleep.

Answer 23

Night eating syndrome

Question 24

Treatments for obesity (5)

Answer 24

1. Self weight-loss program.
2. Commercial self-help programs.
3. Professionally directed behavior modification
   programs.
4. Very-low-calorie diets and possibly drugs.
5. Bariatric Surgery.

Question 25

All involve the inappropriate elimination of urine or feces and are usually first diagnosed in childhood or adolescence. This group of disorders includes enuresis, the repeated voiding of urine into inappropriate places, and encopresis, the repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places.

Answer 25

Elimination disorders

Question 26

Repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes, whether involuntary or intentional.

Answer 26

Enuresis

Question 27

Repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places (e.g., clothing, floor), whether involuntary or intentional.

Answer 27

Encopresis

Question 28

2 categories of Sleep–Wake Disorders

Answer 28

Dyssomnias Parasomnias

Question 29

Essential feature of this disorder is dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality with complaints of difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep; sleep complaints are accompanied by clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Answer 29

Insomnia Disorder

Question 30

3 Different manifestations of insomnia

Answer 30

Sleep-onset insomnia Sleep-maintenance insomnia (or middle insomnia) Late insomnia

Question 31

Difficulty initiating sleep at bedtime.

Answer 31

Sleep-onset insomnia (or initial insomnia

Question 32

Prequent or prolonged awakenings throughout the night.

Answer 32

Sleep-maintenance insomnia (or middle insomnia)

Question 33

Early-morning awakening with an inability to return to sleep.

Answer 33

Late insomnia

Question 34

Self-reported excessive sleepiness despite a main sleep period, lasting at least 7 hours with at least 1 of the 3 symptoms.

Answer 34

Hypersomnolence Disorder

Question 35

Recurrent episodes of an irrepressible need to sleep, lapsing into sleep, or napping occurring within the same day

Answer 35

Narcolepsy

Question 36

A condition that brings on brief bouts of muscle weakness or paralysis.

Answer 36

Cataplexy

Question 37

Neuropeptide hormone produced in the hypothalamus that exerts important influences over sleep, arousal, appetite and energy expenditure.

Answer 37

Hypocretin

Question 38

The breathing-related sleep disorders category encompasses three relatively distinct disorders:

Answer 38

● Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea ● Central sleep apnea ● Sleep-related hypoventilation

Question 39

Refers to the total absence of airflow

Answer 39

Apnea

Question 40

Refers to a reduction in airflow.

Answer 40

Hypopnea

Question 41

Evidence by polysomnography of at least 5 obstructive apneas or hypopneas per hour of sleep and either of the said symptoms.

Answer 41

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea

Question 42

2 subtypes of central sleep apnea

Answer 42

Idiopathic central sleep apnea Central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Question 43

Subtype of central sleep characterized by increased gain of the ventilatory control system, also referred to as high loop gain

Answer 43

Central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Question 44

Characterized by a pattern of periodic crescendo-decrescendo variation in tidal volume that results in central apneas and hypopneas occurring at a frequency of at least five events per hour

Answer 44

Cheyne-stokes breathing

Question 45

Polysomnograpy demonstrates episodes of decreased respiration associated with elevated CO2 levels.

Answer 45

Sleep-related hypoventilation

Question 46

A persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption that is primarily due to an alteration of the circadian system or to a misalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythm and the sleep-wake schedule required by an individual’s physical environment or social or professional schedule.

Answer 46

Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders

Question 47

5 Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders

Answer 47

Delayed sleep phase type Advanced sleep phase type Irregular sleep-wake type Non-24-hour sleep-wake type Shift work type

Question 48

Delay in the timing of desired sleep and wake-up time

Answer 48

Delayed sleep phase type

Question 49

Advance in the timing of desired sleep and wake-up time

Answer 49

Advanced sleep phase type

Question 50

No major sleep period; sleep and wake periods across 24hrs are fragmented

Answer 50

Irregular sleep-wake type

Question 51

Periods of insomnia, excessive sleepiness, or both, which alternate with short asymptomatic periods; Not synchronized to 24-hour environment

Answer 51

Non-24-hour sleep-wake type

Question 52

History of the individual working outside of the normal 8:00 A.M. to 6:00 P.M. daytime window (particularly at night) on a regularly scheduled (i.e., non-overtime) basis; Symptoms of excessive sleepiness at work, and impaired sleep at home, on a persistent basis are prominent.

Answer 52

Shift work type

Question 53

Disorders characterized by abnormal behavioral, experiential, or physiological events occurring in association with sleep, specific sleep stages, or sleep-wake transitions.

Answer 53

Parasomnias

Question 54

Parasomnias

Answer 54

● Disorder of Arousal ● Nightmare Disorder ● Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder ● Restless Legs Syndrome ● Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder

Question 55

Recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep, usually occurring during the first third of the major sleep episode, accompanied by either sleepwalking or sleep terrors.

Answer 55

Non-REM Sleep Arousal Disorder

Question 56

Repeated episodes of complex motor behavior initiated during sleep, including rising from bed and walking about.

Answer 56

Sleepwalking

Question 57

The repeated occurrence of precipitous awakenings from sleep, usually beginning with a panicky scream or cry

Answer 57

Sleep terrors

Question 58

Repeated occurrences of extended, extremely dysphoric, and well-remembered dreams that usually involve efforts to avoid threats to survival, security, or physical integrity and that generally occur during the second half of the major sleep episode.

Answer 58

Nightmare disorder

Question 59

Repeated episodes of arousal during sleep associated with vocalization and/or complex motor behaviors.

Answer 59

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Question 60

An urge to move the legs, usually accompanied by or in response to uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs

Answer 60

Restless leg syndrome

Question 61

A prominent and severe disturbance in sleep; There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings of both (1) and (2): - The symptoms in Criterion A developed during or soon after substance intoxication or withdrawal or after exposure to or withdrawal from a medication. - The involved substance/medication is capable of producing the symptoms in Criterion A.

Answer 61

Substance-medication induced sleep disorder