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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 1 (Barlow) > Flashcards

Chapter 1 (Barlow) Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected.

A

Psychological Disorder

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2
Q

Refers to a breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning.

A

Psychological Dysfunction

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3
Q

Scientific study of psychological disorders.

A

Psychopathology

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4
Q

Mental health professionals who take
a scientific approach to their clinical work

A

Scientist-practitioners

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5
Q

Patient “presents” with a specic problem or set of problems

A

Presenting problem

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6
Q

Represents the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder.

A

Clinical description

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7
Q

Traditional shorthand way of
indicating why the person came to the clinic.

A

Presents

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8
Q

3 types of statistical data

A

Prevalence
Incidence
Sex ratio

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9
Q

How many people in the population as a whole have the disorder

A

Prevalence

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10
Q

How many new cases occur during a given period, such as a year

A

Incidence

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11
Q

What percentage of males and females have the disorder—and the typical age of onset, which oen diers from one disorder to another.

A

Sex ratio

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12
Q

Individual pattern that most disorders follow

A

Course

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13
Q

3 types of course

A

Chronic
Episodic
Time-limited

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14
Q

Disorder tend to last a long time,
sometimes a lifetime.

A

Chronic course

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15
Q

Individual is likely to recover within a few months only to suffer a recurrence of the disorder at a later time.

A

Episodic course

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16
Q

Disorder will improve without
treatment in a relatively short period with little or no risk of recurrence.

A

Time-limited course

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17
Q

2 types of onset

A

Acute
Insidious

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18
Q

Disorder begins suddenly

A

Acute onset

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19
Q

Disorder develop gradually over an extended period

A

Insidious onset

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20
Q

Anticipated course of a disorder

A

Prognosis

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21
Q

Study of changes in behaviour over time

A

Developmental psychology

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22
Q

Study of changes in abnormal behavior

A

Developmental psychopathology

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23
Q

Study of abnormal behavior across the entire age span

A

Life-span developmental psychopathology

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24
Q

Study of origins, has to do with why a disorder begins

A

Etiology

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25
Q

Humans have always supposed that agents outside our bodies and environment influence our behavior, thinking, and emotions; might be divinities, demons, spirits, or other phenomena such as magnetic fields or the moon or the stars

A

Supernatural model

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26
Q

Views psychological disorder as being possessed by a spirit

A

Demonological model

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27
Q

Individual is extremely upset and cannot function properly.

A

Distress or Impairment

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28
Q

Deviates from the average or the norm of the culture.

A

Atypical or Not Culturally Expected

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29
Q

Psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an object or situation.

A

Phobia

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30
Q

Another term for psychological disorder.

A

Problematic abnormal behavior

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31
Q

Related concept that is also useful is to determine whether the behavior is out of the individual’s control

A

Harmful dysfunction

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32
Q

Being hysterical, too emotional, exaggerated, and has extreme emotions; treated as being possessed

A

Hysteria

33
Q

Contagious manifestations; practiced continuously; persecutory delusions

A

Shared psychosis

34
Q

Phenomenon of emotion contagion, in which the experience of an emotion seems to spread to those around us

A

Mass hysteria

35
Q

If one person identifies a “cause” of the problem, others will probably assume that their own reactions have the same source.

A

Mob psychology

36
Q

Speculated that the gravitational effects of the moon on bodily fluids might be a possible cause of mental
disorders

A

Paracelsus

37
Q

Considered to be the father of modern Western medicine.

A

Hippocrates

38
Q

Founder of modern psychiatry; used compassion and pioneering approach in treating mental illness in Europe during the time of witchcraft

A

Johann Weyer

39
Q

4 humors of Hippocrates

A

Blood (Sanguine)
Yellow Bile (Choleric)
Black Bile (Melancholic)
Phlegm (Phlegmatic)

40
Q

Humor of very positive people.

A

Blood/Sanguine

41
Q

Humor of short-tempered people

A

Yellow bile/choleric

42
Q

Humor of introspective and sentimental people; possible to commit suicide

A

Black bile/Melancholic

43
Q

Humor of calm and unemotional people

A

Phlegm/Phlegmatic

44
Q

Process where a carefully measured amount of blood was removed from the body, often with leeches.

A

Bleeding/Bloodletting

45
Q

Sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial microorganism entering the brain, include believing that
everyone is plotting against you

A

Advanced syphilis

46
Q

Psychological disorders characterized in part by beliefs that are not based in reality (delusions), perceptions that are not based in reality (hallucinations), or both

A

Psychosis

47
Q

Procedure where they’ll be using increasingly higher dosages until,
finally, patients convulsed and became temporarily comatose

A

Insulin shock therapy

48
Q

Drug that diminished hallucinatory and delusional thought processes in some patients; controlled agitation and aggressiveness.

A

Neuroleptics

49
Q

Drug that seemed to reduce anxiety.

A

Benzodiazepines

50
Q

First major approach in psychology; elaborate theory of the structure of the mind and the role of unconscious processes in determining behavior

A

Psychoanalysis

51
Q

2nd major approach in psychology which focuses on how learning and adaptation affect the development of psychopathology

A

Behaviourism

52
Q

Recalling and reliving emotional trauma that has been made unconscious and to release the accompanying tension.

A

Catharsis

53
Q

Most comprehensive theory yet
constructed on the development and structure of our personalities.

A

Psychoanalytic model

54
Q

Unconscious protective processes that keep primitive emotions associated with conflicts in check so that the ego can continue its coordinating function.

A

Defense mechanisms

55
Q

Underlying assumption is that all of us could reach our highest potential, in all areas of functioning, if only we had the freedom to grow

A

Self-actualizing

56
Q

Approach where the therapist takes a passive role, making as few
interpretations as possible.

A

Person-centered therapy

57
Q

Complete and almost unqualified acceptance of most of the client’s feelings and actions, is critical to the humanistic approach.

A

Unconditional positive regard

58
Q

Subjects simply reported on their inner thoughts and feelings after experiencing certain stimuli, but the results of this “armchair” psychology were inconsistent and discouraging to many experimental psychologists

A

Introspection

59
Q

Process of reinforcing successive approximations to a final behavior or set of behaviors.

A

Shaping

60
Q

Champion of the biological tradition in the United States

A

John P. Grey

61
Q

Focus not only on psychological factors but also on social and cultural ones.

A

Psychosocial treatment

62
Q

Strong psychosocial approach to mental disorders which included treating institutionalized patients as normally as possible in a setting that encouraged and reinforced normal social interaction, thus providing them with many opportunities for appropriate social and interpersonal contact.

A

Moral therapy

63
Q

Relationship between current emotions and earlier events

A

Insight

64
Q

Strong fears develop that the father may punish that lust by removing the son’s penis

A

Castration anxiety

65
Q

Individual slowly accumulates adaptational capacities, skill in reality testing, and defenses.

A

Ego psychology

66
Q

Theory of the formation of self concept and the crucial attributes of the self that allow an individual to progress toward health, or conversely, to develop neurosis.

A

Self-psychology

67
Q

Wisdom accumulated by society and
culture that is stored deep in individual memories and passed
down from generation to generation.

A

Collective unconscious

68
Q

Patients are instructed to say whatever comes to mind without the usual socially required censoring.

A

Free association

69
Q

Therapist interprets the content of
dreams, supposedly rejecting the primary-process thinking of the
id, and systematically relates the dreams to symbolic aspects of
unconscious conflicts.

A

Dream analysis

70
Q

Patients come to relate to the therapist much as they did to important figures in their childhood, particularly their parents.

A

Transference

71
Q

Therapists project some of their own personal issues and feelings, usually
positive, onto the patient.

A

Countertransference

72
Q

Efforts are made to identify trauma and active defense mechanisms, therapists use an eclectic mixture of tactics, with a social and interpersonal focus.

A

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

73
Q

Sympathetic understanding of the
individual’s particular view of the world.

A

Empathy

74
Q

Type of learning in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a response until it elicits that response.

A

Classical conditioning

75
Q

Strength of the response to similar objects or people is usually a function of how similar these objects or people are.

A

Stimulus generalization

76
Q

Individuals were gradually introduced to the objects or situations they feared so that their fear could extinguish; that is, they could test reality and see that
nothing bad happened in the presence of the phobic object or scene

A

Systematic desensitization

77
Q

Type of learning in which behavior changes as a function of what follows the behavior.

A

Operant conditioning

78
Q

States that behavior is either strengthened (likely to be repeated more frequently) or weakened (likely to occur less frequently) depending
on the consequences of that behavior.

A

Law of effect

Abnormal Psychology (23 decks)

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