Chapter 11 (Barlow)

Question 1

Associated with the abuse of drugs and other substances people take to alter the way they think, feel, and behave.

Answer 1

substance-related and addictive disorders

Question 2

Represent a number of related problems that involve the inability to resist acting on a drive or temptation.

Answer 2

Impulse-control disorders

Question 3

Refers to chemical compounds that are ingested to alter mood or behavior.

Answer 3

Substance

Question 4

Substances that alter mood, behavior, or both.

Answer 4

Psychoactive substances

Question 5

Ingestion of psychoactive substances in moderate amounts that does not significantly interfere with social, educational, or occupational functioning.

Answer 5

Substance use

Question 6

Physiological reaction to ingested substances—drunkenness or getting high

Answer 6

Substance intoxication

Question 7

Substance use disorder is usually described as?

Answer 7

Addiction

Question 8

Use of increasingly greater amounts of the drug to experience the same effect (tolerance), and a negative physical response when the substance is no longer ingested (withdrawal)

Answer 8

Physiological dependence

Question 9

The repeated use of a drug, a desperate need to ingest more of the substance (stealing money to buy drugs, standing outside in the cold to smoke), and the likelihood that use will resume after a period of abstinence are
behaviors that define the extent of substance use disorders.

Answer 9

Drug-seeking behaviors

Question 10

Substances result in behavioral sedation and can induce relaxation.

Answer 10

Depressants

Question 11

Substances cause us to be more active and
alert and can elevate mood

Answer 11

Stimulant

Question 12

Major effect of these substances is to produce
analgesia temporarily (reduce pain) and euphoria

Answer 12

Opiates

Question 13

Substances alter sensory perception
and can produce delusions, paranoia, and hallucinations.

Answer 13

Hallucinogens

Question 14

Individuals who are unable to resist the urge to gamble which, in turn, results in negative personal consequences

Answer 14

Gambling disorder

Question 15

Measures levels of intoxication.

Answer 15

Breathalyzer test

Question 16

Condition that can produce frightening hallucinations and body tremors.

Answer 16

Withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens)

Question 17

Results in confusion, loss of muscle coordination, and unintelligible speech

Answer 17

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 18

Combination of problems that can occur in a child whose mother drank while she was pregnant.

Answer 18

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Question 19

Metabolize alcohol with the help of an enzyme called

Answer 19

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)

Question 20

Drinking occasionally with few serious consequences

Answer 20

Prealcoholic stage

Question 21

Drinking heavily but with few outward signs of a problem

Answer 21

Prodromal stage

Question 22

Loss of control, with occasional binges

Answer 22

Crucial stage

Question 23

Primary daily activities involve getting and drinking alcohol

Answer 23

Chronic stage

Question 24

Prescribed to help people sleep and replaced such drugs as alcohol and opium.

Answer 24

Barbiturates

Question 25

Have been used since the 1960s, primarily to reduce anxiety.

Answer 25

Benzodiazepines

Question 26

At low doses, it can induce feelings of elation and vigor and can reduce fatigue

Answer 26

Amphetamines

Question 27

Individuals experiencing exaggerated fears that he would be caught or that someone would steal his cocaine

Answer 27

Cocaine-induced paranoia

Question 28

Site in the brain that seems to be involved in the experience of pleasure

Answer 28

Pleasure pathway

Question 29

Psychoactive substance that produces patterns of dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal comparable to those of the other drugs we have discussed so far

Answer 29

Tobacco

Question 30

Refers to the family of substances that includes natural opiates, synthetic variations, and the comparable substances that occur naturally in the brain

Answer 30

Opioids

Question 31

Regular users experience more pleasure from the drug after repeated use.

Answer 31

Reverse tolerance

Question 32

Marijuana contains more than 80 varieties of this chemicals; believed to alter mood and behavior

Answer 32

Cannabinoids

Question 33

Referred to as “acid,” is the most common hallucinogenic drug.

Answer 33

LSD

Question 34

Constricted the flow of blood to the arms or legs and eventually resulted in gangrene and the loss of limbs.

Answer 34

Ergotism

Question 35

Users sometimes administer the drug on a schedule of several weeks or months followed by a break from its use

Answer 35

Cycling

Question 36

Users combine several types of steroids

Answer 36

Stacking

Question 37

Act as the “brain police"

Answer 37

GABA neurons

Question 38

Holds that an increase in positive feelings will be followed shortly by an increase in negative feelings.

Answer 38

Opponent-process theory

Question 39

Observation about the influence of how we think about drug use

Answer 39

Expectancy effect

Question 40

Powerful urges that can interfere with efforts to remain off these drugs

Answer 40

Cravings

Question 41

Drug use is seen as a failure of self-control in the face of temptation; this is a psychosocial perspective.

Answer 41

Moral weakness model of chemical dependence

Question 42

Assumes that drug use disorders are caused by an underlying physiological cause; this is a biological perspective.

Answer 42

Disease model of physiological dependence

Question 43

Adapt to new cultures

Answer 43

Acculturation

Question 44

Male dominance in Latin cultures

Answer 44

Machismo

Question 45

Female Latin role of motherly nurturance and identifying with the Virgin Mary

Answer 45

Marianismo

Question 46

"Loss of face” among Asians, that can lead to shame for not living up to cultural expectations

Answer 46

Tiu lien

Question 47

Continued use of certain substances changes the way our brains work

Answer 47

Neuroplasticity

Question 48

Involves providing the person with a safe drug that has a chemical makeup similar to the addictive drug

Answer 48

Agonist substitution

Question 49

Drug provided to smokers in the form of gum, patch, inhaler, or nasal spray, which lack the carcinogens included in cigarette smoke

Answer 49

Nicotine

Question 50

Requires less effort and provides a steadier nicotine replacement

Answer 50

Nicotine patch

Question 51

Block or counteract the effects of psychoactive drugs, and a variety of drugs that seem to cancel out the effects of opiates have been used with people dependent on a variety of substances

Answer 51

Antagonist drugs

Question 52

Treatment model looks at the learned aspects of dependence and sees relapse as a failure of cognitive and behavioral coping skills

Answer 52

Relapse prevention

Question 53

People have episodes in which they act on aggressive impulses that result in serious assaults or destruction of property

Answer 53

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Question 54

Recurrent failure to resist urges to steal things that are not needed for personal use or their monetary value

Answer 54

Kleptomania

Question 55

An impulse-control disorder that involves having an irresistible urge to set fires.

Answer 55

Pyromania