Chapter 8 (Barlow)

Question 1

Out-of-control eating episodes, or binges, are followed by self-induced vomiting, excessive use of laxatives, or other attempts to purge (get rid of) the food.

Answer 1

Bulimia nervosa

Question 2

Out-of-control eating episodes

Answer 2

Binges

Question 3

Person eats only minimal amounts of food or exercises vigorously to offset food intake so body weight sometimes drops dangerously

Answer 3

Anorexia nervosa

Question 4

Individuals may binge repeatedly and find it distressing, but they do not attempt to purge the food.

Answer 4

Binge-eating disorder

Question 5

Not considered an official disorder in the DSM, but we consider it here because it is thought to be one of the most dangerous epidemics confronting public health authorities around the world today

Answer 5

Obesity

Question 6

Subtypes of Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 6

Purging type (e.g., vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics)
Nonpurging type (e.g., exercise and/or fasting)

Question 7

Continued vomiting that may upset the
chemical balance of bodily fluids, including sodium and potassium levels.

Answer 7

Electrolyte imbalance

Question 8

2 subtypes of anorexia nervosa

Answer 8

Restricting type
Eating–purging type

Question 9

Individuals diet to limit calorie intake

Answer 9

Restricting type

Question 10

Individuals rely on purging

Answer 10

Eating–purging type

Question 11

Downy hair on the limbs and cheeks

Answer 11

Lanugo

Question 12

Growth and development are severely retarded because of inadequate nutrition

Answer 12

“Failure to thrive” syndrome

Question 13

Men with this syndrome reported they were extremely concerned about looking small, even though they were muscular

Answer 13

Reverse anorexia nervosa

Question 14

Targeting high-risk individuals

Answer 14

“Selective” approach

Question 15

Targeting everyone in a certain age range

Answer 15

“Universal” approach

Question 16

2 forms of maladaptive eating patterns in people who are obesed

Answer 16

Binge eating
Night eating syndrome

Question 17

Surgical approach to extreme obesity; an increasingly popular approach for individuals with a BMI of at least 40

Answer 17

Bariatric surgery

Question 18

Sleep–wake disorders are divided into 2 major categories:

Answer 18

Dyssomnias
Parasomnias

Question 19

The clearest and most comprehensive picture of your sleep habits can be determined only by a

Answer 19

Polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation

Question 20

One alternative to the comprehensive assessment of sleep is to use a wristwatch-size device called an

Answer 20

Actigraph

Question 21

Percentage of time actually spent asleep, not just lying in bed trying to sleep.

Answer 21

Sleep efficiency (SE)

Question 22

Problems in the amount, timing, or quality of sleep

Answer 22

DYSSOMNIAS

Question 23

Difficulty falling asleep at bedtime, problems staying asleep throughout the night, or sleep that does not result in the person feeling rested even after normal amounts of sleep.

Answer 23

Insomnia Disorder

Question 24

Excessive sleepiness that is displayed as either sleeping longer than is typical or frequent falling asleep during the day.

Answer 24

Hypersomnolence Disorders

Question 25

Episodes of irresistible attacks of refreshing sleep occurring daily, accompanied by episodes of brief loss of muscle tone (cataplexy).

Answer 25

Narcolepsy

Question 26

A variety of breathing disorders that occur during sleep and that lead to excessive sleepiness or insomnia.

Answer 26

Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders

Question 27

A discrepancy between the sleep–wake schedule required by a person to be rested and the requirements of the person’s environment (e.g., work schedules) that leads to excessive sleepiness or insomnia.

Answer 27

Circadian Rhythm Sleep–Wake Disorder

Question 28

Motor movements and behaviors that occur during NREM sleep including incomplete awakening, sleep walking, or sleep terrors

Answer 28

Disorder of Arousal

Question 29

Frequently being awakened by extended and extremely frightening dreams that cause significant distress and impaired functioning.

Answer 29

Nightmare Disorder

Question 30

Episodes of arousal during REM sleep that result in behaviors that can cause harm to the individual or others

Answer 30

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

Question 31

Irresistible urges to move the legs as a result of unpleasant sensations

Answer 31

Restless Legs Syndrome

Question 32

Restless Legs Syndrome is also called?

Answer 32

Willis-Ekbom disease

Question 33

Disorder that involves obstructed nighttime breathing; people with this problem have difficulty breathing at night; they often snore loudly, pause between breaths, and wake in the morning with a dry mouth and headache.

Answer 33

Sleep apnea

Question 34

Excessive jerky leg movements

Answer 34

Periodic limb movement disorder

Question 35

Factors can lead to eventual sleeping problems; may not, by themselves, always cause problems, but they may combine with other factors to interfere with sleep

Answer 35

Predisposing conditions

Question 36

Includes a number of events that can negatively affect sleep

Answer 36

Sleep stress

Question 37

Sleep problems reappear, sometimes worse

Answer 37

Rebound insomnia

Question 38

A sudden loss of muscle tone

Answer 38

Cataplexy

Question 39

Brief period after awakening when they can’t move or speak that is often frightening to those who go through it.

Answer 39

Sleep paralysis

Question 40

Vivid and often terrifying experiences that begin at the start of sleep and are said to be unbelievably realistic because they include not only visual aspects but also touch, hearing, and even the sensation of body movement.

Answer 40

Hypnagogic hallucinations

Question 41

Sleep paralysis commonly co-occurs with anxiety disorders

Answer 41

Isolated sleep paralysis

Question 42

Episodes of falling asleep during the day

Answer 42

Sleep attacks

Question 43

3 types of apnea

Answer 43

Obstructive Central Mixed sleep apnea

Question 44

Occurs when airflow stops despite continued activity by the respiratory system

Answer 44

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

Question 45

Decrease in airflow without a complete pause in breathing; tends to cause an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, because insufficient air is exchanged with the environment.

Answer 45

Sleep-related hypoventilation

Question 46

Characterized by disturbed sleep brought on by the brain’s inability to synchronize its sleep patterns with the current patterns of day and night.

Answer 46

Circadian rhythm sleep disorder.

Question 47

Found in the hypothalamus; where our biological clock is

Answer 47

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 48

Caused by rapidly crossing multiple time zones

Answer 48

Jet lag type

Question 49

Sleep problems are associated with work schedules

Answer 49

Shift work type

Question 50

Sleep is delayed or there is a later than normal bedtime.

Answer 50

Delayed sleep phase type

Question 51

“Early to bed and early to rise.”

Answer 51

Advanced sleep phase type

Question 52

People who experience highly varied sleep cycles

Answer 52

Irregular sleep–wake type

Question 53

Sleeping on a 25- or 26-hour cycle with later and later bedtimes ultimately going throughout the day

Answer 53

Non-24-hour sleep–wake type

Question 54

Hormone that contributes to the setting of our biological clocks that tell us when to sleep.

Answer 54

Melatonin

Question 55

Nickname for melatonin

Answer 55

Dracula hormone

Question 56

Significant portion of the sleep problems people experience daily can be prevented by following a few steps during the day referred to as?

Answer 56

Sleep hygiene,

Question 57

Most commonly afflict children, usually begin with a piercing scream.

Answer 57

Sleep terrors

Question 58

Sleepwalking is also called?

Answer 58

Somnambulism

Question 59

Individuals rise from their beds and eat while they are still asleep

Answer 59

Nocturnal eating syndrome