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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 8 (Barlow) > Flashcards

Chapter 8 (Barlow) Flashcards

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1
Q

Out-of-control eating episodes, or binges, are followed by self-induced vomiting, excessive use of laxatives, or other attempts to purge (get rid of) the food.

A

Bulimia nervosa

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2
Q

Out-of-control eating episodes

A

Binges

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3
Q

Person eats only minimal amounts of food or exercises vigorously to offset food intake so body weight sometimes drops dangerously

A

Anorexia nervosa

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4
Q

Individuals may binge repeatedly and find it distressing, but they do not attempt to purge the food.

A

Binge-eating disorder

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5
Q

Not considered an official disorder in the DSM, but we consider it here because it is thought to be one of the most dangerous epidemics confronting public health authorities around the world today

A

Obesity

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6
Q

Subtypes of Bulimia Nervosa

A

Purging type (e.g., vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics)
Nonpurging type (e.g., exercise and/or fasting)

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7
Q

Continued vomiting that may upset the
chemical balance of bodily fluids, including sodium and potassium levels.

A

Electrolyte imbalance

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8
Q

2 subtypes of anorexia nervosa

A

Restricting type
Eating–purging type

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9
Q

Individuals diet to limit calorie intake

A

Restricting type

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10
Q

Individuals rely on purging

A

Eating–purging type

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11
Q

Downy hair on the limbs and cheeks

A

Lanugo

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12
Q

Growth and development are severely retarded because of inadequate nutrition

A

“Failure to thrive” syndrome

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13
Q

Men with this syndrome reported they were extremely concerned about looking small, even though they were muscular

A

Reverse anorexia nervosa

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14
Q

Targeting high-risk individuals

A

“Selective” approach

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15
Q

Targeting everyone in a certain age range

A

“Universal” approach

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16
Q

2 forms of maladaptive eating patterns in people who are obesed

A

Binge eating
Night eating syndrome

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17
Q

Surgical approach to extreme obesity; an increasingly popular approach for individuals with a BMI of at least 40

A

Bariatric surgery

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18
Q

Sleep–wake disorders are divided into 2 major categories:

A

Dyssomnias
Parasomnias

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19
Q

The clearest and most comprehensive picture of your sleep habits can be determined only by a

A

Polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation

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20
Q

One alternative to the comprehensive assessment of sleep is to use a wristwatch-size device called an

A

Actigraph

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21
Q

Percentage of time actually spent asleep, not just lying in bed trying to sleep.

A

Sleep efficiency (SE)

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22
Q

Problems in the amount, timing, or quality of sleep

A

DYSSOMNIAS

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23
Q

Difficulty falling asleep at bedtime, problems staying asleep throughout the night, or sleep that does not result in the person feeling rested even after normal amounts of sleep.

A

Insomnia Disorder

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24
Q

Excessive sleepiness that is displayed as either sleeping longer than is typical or frequent falling asleep during the day.

A

Hypersomnolence Disorders

25
Q

Episodes of irresistible attacks of refreshing sleep occurring daily, accompanied by episodes of brief loss of muscle tone (cataplexy).

A

Narcolepsy

26
Q

A variety of breathing disorders that occur during sleep and that lead to excessive sleepiness or insomnia.

A

Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders

27
Q

A discrepancy between the sleep–wake schedule required by a person to be rested and the requirements of the person’s environment (e.g., work schedules) that leads to excessive sleepiness or insomnia.

A

Circadian Rhythm Sleep–Wake Disorder

28
Q

Motor movements and behaviors that occur during NREM sleep including incomplete awakening, sleep walking, or sleep terrors

A

Disorder of Arousal

29
Q

Frequently being awakened by extended and extremely frightening dreams that cause significant distress and impaired functioning.

A

Nightmare Disorder

30
Q

Episodes of arousal during REM sleep that result in behaviors that can cause harm to the individual or others

A

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

31
Q

Irresistible urges to move the legs as a result of unpleasant sensations

A

Restless Legs Syndrome

32
Q

Restless Legs Syndrome is also called?

A

Willis-Ekbom disease

33
Q

Disorder that involves obstructed nighttime
breathing; people with this problem have difficulty breathing at night; they often
snore loudly, pause between breaths, and wake in the morning with a dry mouth and headache.

A

Sleep apnea

34
Q

Excessive jerky leg movements

A

Periodic limb movement disorder

35
Q

Factors can lead to eventual sleeping problems; may not, by themselves, always cause problems, but they may combine with other factors to interfere with sleep

A

Predisposing conditions

36
Q

Includes a number of events that can
negatively affect sleep

A

Sleep stress

37
Q

Sleep problems reappear, sometimes worse

A

Rebound insomnia

38
Q

A sudden loss of muscle tone

A

Cataplexy

39
Q

Brief period after awakening when they can’t move or speak that is often frightening to those who go through it.

A

Sleep paralysis

40
Q

Vivid and often terrifying experiences that begin at the start of sleep and are said to be unbelievably realistic because they include not only visual aspects but also touch, hearing, and even the sensation of body movement.

A

Hypnagogic hallucinations

41
Q

Sleep paralysis commonly co-occurs with anxiety disorders

A

Isolated sleep paralysis

42
Q

Episodes of falling asleep during the day

A

Sleep attacks

43
Q

3 types of apnea

A

Obstructive
Central
Mixed sleep apnea

44
Q

Occurs when airflow stops despite continued activity by the respiratory system

A

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

45
Q

Decrease in airflow without a complete pause in breathing; tends to cause an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, because insufficient air is exchanged with the environment.

A

Sleep-related hypoventilation

46
Q

Characterized by disturbed sleep brought on by the brain’s inability to synchronize its sleep
patterns with the current patterns of day and night.

A

Circadian rhythm sleep disorder.

47
Q

Found in the hypothalamus; where our biological clock is

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

48
Q

Caused by rapidly crossing multiple time zones

A

Jet lag type

49
Q

Sleep problems are associated with
work schedules

A

Shift work type

50
Q

Sleep is delayed or there is a later than normal bedtime.

A

Delayed sleep phase type

51
Q

“Early to bed and early to rise.”

A

Advanced sleep phase type

52
Q

People who experience highly varied sleep cycles

A

Irregular sleep–wake type

53
Q

Sleeping on a 25- or 26-hour cycle with later and later bedtimes ultimately going throughout the day

A

Non-24-hour sleep–wake type

54
Q

Hormone that contributes to the setting of our biological clocks that tell us when
to sleep.

A

Melatonin

55
Q

Nickname for melatonin

A

Dracula hormone

56
Q

Significant portion of the sleep problems people experience daily can be prevented by following a few steps during the day referred to as?

A

Sleep hygiene,

57
Q

Most commonly afflict children, usually begin with a piercing scream.

A

Sleep terrors

58
Q

Sleepwalking is also called?

A

Somnambulism

59
Q

Individuals rise from their beds and eat while they are still asleep

A

Nocturnal eating syndrome

Abnormal Psychology (23 decks)

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