Chapter 13 (Barlow) Flashcards
Characterized by a broad spectrum of cognitive and emotional dysfunctions including delusions and hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, and inappropriate emotions
Schizophrenia
Alternating immobility and excited agitation
Catatonia
Silly and immature emotionality
Hebephrenia
Delusions of grandeur or persecution
Paranoia
Kraepelin thought the symptoms of insanity symptoms shared similar underlying features and included them under the Latin term
Dementia praecox
Concept emphasized the “breaking of associative threads,” or the destruction of the forces that connect one function to the
next.
Associative splitting
Used to characterize many unusual
behaviors, although in its strictest sense, it usually involves delusions (irrational beliefs) and/or hallucinations (sensory experiences in the absence of external events).
Psychotic behavior
More obvious signs of psychosis; include the disturbing experiences of delusions and hallucinations
Positive symptoms
A belief that would be seen by most members of a society as a misrepresentation of reality
Disorder of thought content/ Delusion
Mistaken belief that the person is famous
or powerful
Delusion of grandeur
Sees the beliefs as resulting from brain dysfunction that creates these disordered cognitions or perceptions.
Deficit view of delusion
Experience of sensory events without any input from the surrounding environment
Hallucination
Usually indicate the absence or insufficiency of normal behavior.
Negative Symptoms
Inability to initiate and persist in activities
Avolition
People with this symptom show little interest in performing even the most basic day-to-day functions, including those associated with personal hygiene.
Apathy
Refers to the relative absence of speech
Alogia
Presumed lack of pleasure experienced
by some people with schizophrenia.
Anhedonia
This symptom captures a lack of interest in social interactions
Asociality
They are similar to people wearing masks because they do not show emotions
when you would normally expect them to; they may stare at you vacantly, speak in a flat and toneless manner, and seem unaffected by things going on around them.
Flat affect
These include a variety of erratic behaviors that affect speech, motor behavior, and emotional reactions.
Disorganized Symptoms
People with schiz jump from topic to topic, and at other times they talk illogically.
Disorganized speech
Going off on a tangent instead of answering a specific question.
Tangentiality
Abruptly changed the topic of conversation to unrelated areas
Loose association or derailment
People with schizophrenia display laughing or crying at improper times.
Inappropriate affect
People hold unusual postures, as if they were fearful of something terrible happening if they moved
Catatonic immobility
Tendency to keep their bodies and limbs in the position they are put in by someone else
Waxy flexibility
3 Historic Schizophrenia Subtypes
Paranoid (delusions of grandeur or persecution)
Disorganized (or hebephrenic; silly and immature emotionality)
Catatonic (alternate immobility and excited agitation).
Some people experience the symptoms of schizophrenia for a few months only; they can usually resume normal lives; symptoms
sometimes disappear as the result of successful treatment, but they often do so for reasons unknown.
Schizophreniform disorder
Individuals tend not to get better on their
own and are likely to continue experiencing major life difficulties for many years.
Schizoaffective Disorder
Persistent belief that is contrary to reality, in the absence of other characteristics of schizophrenia; characterized by a persistent delusion that is not the result of an organic factor such as brain seizures or of any severe psychosis.
Delusional Disorder
5 delusional subtypes
Erotomanic
Grandiose
Jealous
Persecutory
Somatic
Irrational belief that one is loved by another person, usually of higher status.
Erotomanic type
Involves believing in one’s inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity, or special relationship to a deity or famous person
Grandiose type
Believes the sexual partner is unfaithful.
Jealous type
Involves believing oneself (or someone close) is being malevolently treated in some way
Persecutory type
Person feels afflicted by a physical defect or general medical condition
Somatic type
This subtype applies when no delusional theme predominated
Mixed type
Condition in which an individual develops delusions simply as a result of a close relationship with a delusional individual
Shared psychotic disorder (folie à deux)
Characterized by the presence of one or more positive symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech or behavior lasting 1 month or less.
Brief psychotic disorder
1- to 2-year period before the serious symptoms occur but when less severe yet unusual behaviors start to show themselves
Prodromal stage
Find basic processes that contribute to the behaviors or symptoms of the disorder and
then find the gene or genes that cause these difficulties
Endophenotyping
Effective with many people who were not helped with traditional neuroleptic medications
Olanzapine
Area may be less active in people with schizophrenia than in people without the disorder
Hypofrontality
Individuals with schizophrenia show too much activity
Hyperfrontality
Used for a time to describe a mother whose cold, dominant, and rejecting nature was thought to cause schizophrenia in her children
Schizophrenogenic mother
Used to portray a communication style that produced conflicting messages, which, in turn, caused schizophrenia to develop
Double bind communication
Particular emotional communication
style; if the levels of criticism (disapproval), hostility (animosity), and emotional
overinvolvement (intrusiveness) expressed by the families were high, patients tended to relapse
Expressed emotion (EE)
Several drugs that relieved symptoms in many people
Neuroleptics
These symptoms include the motor difficulties similar to those experienced by people with Parkinson’s disease, sometimes called Parkinsonian symptoms
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Involves involuntary movements of the tongue, face, mouth, or jaw and can
include protrusions of the tongue, puffing of the cheeks, puckering of the mouth, and chewing movements.
Tardive dyskinesia
Residents could earn access to meals and small luxuries by behaving appropriately.
Token economy
