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Pharmacology > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Drug is derived from the word ______

A

Pharmakon

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2
Q

The “study of “or knowledge of”

A

Logia

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3
Q

Chemicals that are induced into the body to cause some sort of change

A

Drugs

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4
Q

Known as clinical pharmacology

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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5
Q

The branch of pharmacology that uses drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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6
Q

The study of drugs

A

Pharmacology

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7
Q

Clinical pharmacology addresses two key concern

A
  1. The drugs effect on the body
  2. The body’s response to the drug
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8
Q

What are the sources of drugs?

A

Natural and Synthetic

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9
Q

What are the natural sources

A

Plants
Animals
Inorganic compounds

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10
Q

Main component of growing alternative therapy movements

A

Plants

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11
Q

Example of Anti-malarial drugs

A

Quinine

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12
Q

Give examples of inorganic compounds

A

Aluminum
Chlorine
Gold
Iron

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13
Q

Aluminum is for

A

Antacid - gastric acidity

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14
Q

Chlorine is for what?

A

Dental cavities

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15
Q

It is a source of drugs that is not natural

A

Synthetic

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16
Q

An agency in the US that regulates the development and sale of drugs

A

FDA / Food and Drug Administration

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17
Q

Before receiving the final FDA approval, drugs must undergo the ______

A

Stages of development

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18
Q

Refers to the testing of chemicals with therapeutic value on laboratory animals

A

Preclinical trials

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19
Q

How many phases?

A

4

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20
Q

This phase uses human volunteers

A

Phase 1

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21
Q

Who are the common volunteers in the PHASE I

A

Young Men

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22
Q

Why young men in phase not women?

A

Woman are not good candidates for this phase since the chemicals may cause harmful effects on the ova

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23
Q

In this phase, it allows clinical investigators to try out the drug in patients who have the disease

A

Phase II

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24
Q

Phase II can be performed in

A

hospitals, clinics, doctors office

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25
Q

In this phase, it involves the use of the drug in a vast clinical market

A

Phase III

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26
Q

In this phase, the patient should be observed closely

A

Phase III

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27
Q

It is the “trade name”

A

Brand name

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28
Q

It refers to an approved drug developed by pharmaceutical company

A

Brand name

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29
Q

It is the original designation that a drug is given when the company that developed it applies for the approval process

A

Generic name

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30
Q

It reflect the chemical structure of the drug

A

Chemical name

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31
Q

These always appears STRAIGHT PRINT

A

generic and chemical name

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32
Q

These always appears ITALICISED

A

Brand name

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33
Q

Entire drug development and approval process may take _______

A

5-6 years

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34
Q

RA 6675

A

Generics Act of 1988

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35
Q

Generics Act of 1988

A

RA 6675

36
Q

Dangerous Act of 1972

A

RA 6425

37
Q

Comprehensive Drug Act of 2002

A

Ra 9165

38
Q

This phase refers to continual evaluation after a drug was approved for marketing

A

Phase IV

39
Q

Safety during pregnancy

A

Category A B C D X

40
Q

This is absolutely indicated in pregnancy

A

Category X

41
Q

The safetest category

A

Category A

42
Q

These are drugs with abuse potential

A

Controlled drugs

43
Q

Example of controlled drugs

A

Anti-pyschotic drug, anti-depressants

44
Q

These are usually in yellow prescription

A

Controlled drugs

45
Q

Drugs sold by their generic names

A

Generic drugs

46
Q

Drugs that have been discovered but that are not financiallg viable

A

Orphan drugs

47
Q

These are drugs available without prescription for self treatment

A

OTC / Over the counter drugs

48
Q

Three phases of drug action

A

Pharmaceutics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics

49
Q

This phase is the “Dissolution”

A

Pharmaceutics

50
Q

This is the dissolving of the smaller particles in the gi fluid

A

Dissolution

51
Q

Breakdown of tablet into smaller particles

A

Disintegration

52
Q

The 1st phase of drug action

A

Pharmaceutics

53
Q

Time it takes for the drug to dinintegrate and dissolve

A

Rate limiting

54
Q

The phase on how the body acts on the drug

A

Pharmacokinetics

55
Q

Is the process of drug movement to achieve drug action

A

Pharmacokinetics

56
Q

The 2nd phase of drug action

A

Pharmacokinetics

57
Q

The phase how the body processes drugs

A

Pharmacokinetics

58
Q

4 basic components of Pharmacokinetics

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism (Biotransformation)
Excretion

59
Q

Movement of drug particles from gi tract to body fluids

A

Absorption

60
Q

Three types of absorption

A

Passive absorption
Active absorption
Pinocytosis

61
Q

Movement of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream

A

Passive Absorption

62
Q

Movement from higher concentration to lower concentration

A

Diffusion

63
Q

This absorption does not require energy to move across the membrane

A

Passive absorption

64
Q

This absorption requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein

A

Active absorption

65
Q

In this absorption, energy is required

A

Active absorption

66
Q

Process by which cells carry drug across their membrane by engulfinf drug particles

A

Pinocytosis

67
Q

Allows a drug to dissolve only in alkaline

A

Enteric Coating

68
Q

Allow drugs to be released slowly over time

A

Sustained release drugs

69
Q

The transport of drugs from the blood to the site of actioj

A

Distribution

70
Q

The degree of distribution of a drug into various body compartments

A

Volume of Distribution

71
Q

The breakdown of drug

A

Metabolism

72
Q

A more water soluble compound that can easily excreted

A

Metabolite

73
Q

A process by which the body changes the chemical structure of a drug to another form called a metabolite

A

Biotransformation

74
Q

Hereditary influences drug responses, refers to variations in which individuals metabolize drugs

A

Pharmacogenetics

75
Q

Process where drugs are removed from the body

A

Excretion

76
Q

The major organs of excretion

A

Kidney

77
Q

Minor routes of drug excretion

A

Intestine
Sweat
Saliva
Breast milk

78
Q

Elimination of drugs from circulation by all routes

A

Clearance of drugs

79
Q

What are the different effects of drugs?

A

Therapeutic/ Desired Effect
Adverse drug reaction
Side effects
Drug toxicity
Drug abuse

80
Q

Harm that occurs while a patient is taking a drug

A

Adverse event

81
Q

Unwanted or harmful reaction experienced following the administration of a drug

A

Adverse drug reaction

82
Q

An effect caused by a drug other than intended therapeutic effect, whether beneficial, neutral, or harmful

A

Side effecf

83
Q

Exaggerated adverse reaction to drug

A

Hypersensitivity / allergy

84
Q

Describes adverse effects of a drug that occur

A

Drug toxicity

85
Q

The misuse of recreational or therapeutic drugs that may lead to addiction

A

Drug abuse

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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