legal Flashcards
مدرک محکم
ironclad evidence
To advance an action, argument, or complaint to a higher level or more serious degree.
take (something) further
before we take the matter further we need to come up with some ironclad evidence to present in the court
قبل ازینکه موضوع را قانونا پیگیری کنیم باید مدارک محکی برای ارائه به دادگاه فراهم کرد
پی گرد ، تعقیب قانونی
prosecution /ˌprɒsɪˈkjuːʃən $ ˌprɑː-/
Failure to comply with the regulations will result in prosecution
عدم رعایت مقررات پیگرد قانونی دارد
Prosecution for a first minor offence rarely leads to imprisonment.
پیگرد قانونی برای اولین جرم جزیی به‌ندرت منجر به زندانی شدن می‌شود.
به قلمرو کسی تجاوز کردن
Poach on someone’s territory/ turf/preserve
اصلیت ، اعتبار ، سندیت ، صحت
the quality of being real or true
authenticity /ˌɔːθenˈtɪsəti, ˌɔːθenˈtɪsɪti, /
There has been some debate over the authenticity of his will.
Despite its certificate of authenticity, the painting was found to be a fake.
تهمت ، اتهام
accusation
These accusations do not hold water.
این اتهامات بی اساس هستند.
People were flinging(با عصبانیت گفتن) all sorts of accusations at her
شکایت
complaint
his complaint was not grounded
شکایت او بی اساس بود
تشریفات اداری
administrative proceedings
تشریفات اداری بد جوری دست‌و‌پامونو بستن
We are bogged down by administrative proceedings.
وام ما به دلیل تشریفات اداری به تاخیر افتاد.
Our loan was delayed by administrative proceedings.
استیناف (حقوق) فرجام، تجدیدنظر
appeal
He won his appeal and the sentence was halved.
در رابطه با حکمی درخواست تجدید نظر/ استیناف دادن
to lodge/file an appeal His attorneys need to file an appeal. وکلای او باید درخواست فرجام کنند. She has lodged an appeal against the severity of the fine. وی از زیادی مقدارجریمه اعتراض کرده است.
to appeal a verdict
دادگاه/قاضی استیناف [تجدیدنظر]
appeal court/judge
They took their case to the appeal court.
آنها پرونده‌شان را به دادگاه تجدیدنظر بردند.
ضبط / توقیف/مصادره کردن
impound /ɪmˈpaʊnd/
The police impounded the property belonging to the drug dealer.
confiscate /ˈkɒn.fɪ.skeɪt/
His passport was confiscated by the police to prevent him from leaving the country.
take into custody
از گیر در اوردن ، حل کردن
to understand or explain something that is mysterious or complicated
unravel /ʌnˈrævəl/
Detectives are still trying to unravel the mystery surrounding his death.
مانعی را دورزدن
to avoid a problem or rule that restricts you, especially in a clever or dishonest way
Circumvent /ˌsɜːkəmˈvent $ ˌsɜːr-/
The company opened an account abroad, in order to circumvent the tax laws
فرمالیته اداری
red tape
we have connections in high placed who can help us circumvent the red tape
If you want to get anything accomplished in a hurry, you have to find someone in power who can cut through all that red tape.
The new rules should help cut the red tape for farmers
خطا ، تجاوز ، تخلف ، تخطی
an action that breaks a law, agreement, principle etc
violation /ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃən/
They had committed gross violations(=a very serious violation) of the law
The act of shooting down a civilian aircraft was a flagrant violation(=a very clear violation) of international law
شخصا قانون را برای کسی اجرا کردن شخصا کسی را مجازات کردن
take the law into one’s own hands
Citizens don’t have the right to take the law into their own hands.
شهروندان حق ندارد شخصا قانون را برای کسی اجرا کنند.
محکوم به حبس ابد
someone who has been sent to prison for the rest of their life
lifer /ˈlaɪfə $ -ər/
از تمام گناهان تبرئه شدن
get off Scott free
The thief got off Scott free
وارث
heir /ɛr/ heiress /ˈɛrəs/
She is the heiress of the talent of her mother and grandmother.
وارث تاج و تخت
the heiress to the throne
ارث ارثیه
heirloom /ˈerluːm/
The brooch is a family heirloom which came down to her from her great-grandmother.
heritage /ˈherətɪdʒ, ˈherɪtɪdʒ/
The city has an exceptionally rich heritage of historic buildings.
میراث فرهنگی
cultural heritage
سرقت مسلحانه
an act of stealing something very valuable from a shop, bank etc
heist /haɪst/
کسی که بانک را می زند. (بیشتر برای سارق بانک به کار میرود)
Robber
کسی که چیزی را از شخصی می دزدد. (دزد)
a person who steals something from somebody
Thief
کسی که از خانه ای دزدی میکند.
Burglar /ˈbɜːɡlə $ ˈbɜːrɡlər/
Burglars broke into the house and took a computer worth £1,000.
Police believe the burglar got in through the kitchen window.
ادم دزد ، ادم ربا
Abductor /əb’dʌktə/
بچه دزد
Kidnapper
جیب بر
Pickpocket
Look out for pickpockets in busy tourist areas
هواپیما ربا
Hijacker
سارق اتومبیل
Carjacker
ماشین دزد (کسی که ماشین را بطور تفننی و برای خوشگذرانی و تفریح میدزدد)
Joyrider
Police pursued the teenage joyriders across three counties
کسی که از مغازه دزدی میکند
Shoplifter
The store has installed hidden cameras to catch shoplifters
سارق ادبی
Plagiarist /ˈpleɪ.dʒər.ɪst/
The reporter was shown to be a liar and a plagiarist.
دزد دریایی
a person who sails in a ship and attacks other ships in order to steal from them
pirate /ˈpaɪ.rət/ US /ˈpaɪr.ət/
کسی که زورگیری (خفت گیری) میکند.
Mugger
The mugger punched him in the face and tried to steal his wallet
قاچاقچی
Smuggler
راهزن
Bandit
The village was attacked by a gang of bandits.
غارتگر
someone who breaks into shops or homes and steals things, after there has been a natural disaster, a war, or a violent protest:
Looter
Police chiefs have warned that looters will be shot.
شکارچی غیر قانونی (کسی که بطور غیر قانونی حیوانات را بخاطر پوست، عاج و غیره شکار میکند )
someone who hunts animals, birds etc illegally on other people’s land
poacher :
Their job is to prevent poachers from killing the elephants.
مجرم
the person who is guilty of a crime or doing something wrong
culprit /ˈkʌlprət, ˈkʌlprɪt/
criminal evil-doer guilty party innocent party
In one of the Sherlock Holmes stories, the culprit turned out to be a snake.
در یکی از داستان‌های شرلوک هولمز معلوم شد که مجرم یک مار بوده است.
The police caught the culprit with the stolen articles in his car.
پلیس مجرم را به همراه موارد دزدی‌شده در ماشینش پیدا کرد.
Police finally managed to catch the culprit.
perpetrator / ˈpɜːrpətreɪtər/ noun [countable] : perp به اختصار
The perpetrators were never caught
آزاد کردن (بدون مجازات یا با مجازات کم)
to not punish somebody for something they have done wrong, or to give them only a light punishment
let sb off (with sth)
Instead of a prison sentence they were let off with a fine.
به جای حکم زندان [زندانی شدن]، آنها با جریمه‌ای آزاد شدند.
قضاوت ، داوری
adjudication /ə’dʒu:də’keıʃən/
The legality of the transaction is still under adjudication (= being decided) in the courts.
His adjudication was later found to be faulty.
to officially decide who is right in a disagreement and decide what should be done:
adjudicate /əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪt/
The owner can appeal to the court to adjudicate on the matter
He was asked to adjudicate on the dispute.
برای کسی وثیقه گذاشتن
to leave a large sum of money with a court so that someone can be let out of prison while waiting for their trial
bail somebody out :
Clarke’s family paid £500 to bail him out.
to put up/post bail (for somebody )
He had to post bail of US$100,000 before he could fly home to Canada.
Why can’t you ask your father to put up bail for you?
وثیقه ، ضمانت
bail
She was murdered by a man who was out on bail for rape.
He is not likely to be granted bail.
Carter has been refused bail and will remain in custody.
The judge ordered that Jones be held without bail.
Two of the defendants jumped bail (= not return for your trial after bail has been granted)
and fled to New York.
Bail was set at $30,000.
She has been granted conditional bail
به قید وثیقه آزاد بودن
be out on bail
He committed another robbery while out on bail
be released/freed on bail
The men were questioned yesterday before being released on bail.
متهم
accused
The accused were held without bail.
defendant
The defendant later amended his evidence
Can you testify that you saw the defendant at the scene of the crime?
آزادی مشروط
when there are conditions attached to someone being allowed to go free
conditional bail
Both men were given conditional bail
مجازات کردن
punish for a crime by arresting and trying a court of law.
bring someone to justice
No effort will be spared to bring the people responsible to justice
They demanded that those responsible be brought to justice.
She’d need proof to bring Jason to justice.
نگاه گذرا کردن
to look quickly at someone or something
spare a glance at
Before leaving the old town, spare another glance at the tower.
اشتباه قضائی
miscarriage of justice
شاکی
plaintiff
The plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence for failing to wear a crash helmet.
The plaintiff must prove that the defendant was negligent.
شاکی باید ثابت کند که متهم اهمال کاری کرده است.
Judges and juries are often subject to ill-informed criticism for making unduly generous awards to undeserving plaintiffs
complainant
قتل ، ترور
assassination
He has survived several assassination attempts.
It was definitely an assassination attempt on Mr President
He narrowly escaped an assassination attempt
It is believed that they plotted the assassination of the king.
Three local leaders have been killed in political assassinations.
همدست شریک جرم
accomplice /əˈkɑːmplɪs/ قابل شمارش
an accomplice to murder شریک جرم قتل
The police suspect that he had an accomplice.
پلیس مظنون است که او همدست داشت.
She revealed the name of her accomplice during interrogation.
She became his unwitting(ناآگاه بی‌اطلاع) accomplice in the robbery
مصادره توقیف، ضبط
confiscation /ˌkɒn.fɪˈskeɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌkɑːn-/
noun [C or U]
There was a record number of confiscations by customs officers last year.
to take a criminal to the police or another official organization
turn somebody over to somebody :
Suspected terrorists are immediately turned over to the law.
دعوی، دادخواهی
lawsuit /ˈlɔːsuːt, -sjuːt $ ˈlɒːsuːt/
The company now faces several lawsuits over its failure to protect its employees
She plans to defend the lawsuit vigorously.
They are seeking damages in a lawsuit.
She won a discrimination lawsuit against her former company
موضوع دادخواهی را حل کردن و به سرانجام رساندن
to reach an agreement that stops a lawsuit
settle the lawsuit
The two companies have settled the lawsuit
I would prefer to settle the lawsuit out of court
طرح دعوی کردن علیه کسی
o take a lawsuit against someone to a court
file a lawsuit against somebody
His lawyer filed a lawsuit against the city
bring a lawsuit against somebody
A former employee brought a lawsuit against the company claiming unfair dismissal.
to stop taking a lawsuit to court
drop a lawsuit
First Bank agreed to drop its lawsuits against another bank as a result of the decision
They have agreed to drop their lawsuit against the Dutch company.
دستگیر شدن
get arrested/caught
اختیار قانونی،
the right to use an official power to make legal decisions, or the area where this right exists
jurisdiction over sb /sth /ˌdʒʊərəsˈdɪkʃən /
The commissioners had exclusive jurisdiction to decide.
The committee has jurisdiction over all tax measures.
The court may exercise its jurisdiction to compel the husband to make a settlement upon his wife.
اشتباه قضائی
miscarriage of justice
بازداشت، دستگیری
apprehension /ˌæprɪˈhenʃn/ غیرقابل شمارش
Both the army and the police were involved in the apprehension of the terrorists.
The border patrol made over 1 million apprehensions last year.
طرح دعوی در دادگاه - دادخواهی
lawsuit /ˈlɔːsuːt/
طرح دعوی کردن
file a lawsuit
He filed a lawsuit against his record company.
او بر علیه شرکت ضبط موسیقی او در دادگاه طرح دعوی کرد.
حکم جلب
arrest warrant
بازپرس دادرس
magistrate /ˈmædʒɪstreɪt/
The magistrate issued a warrant for his arrest
دادگاه بدوی
magistrates’ court
شکایت کردن
sue
He sued the police for wrongful arrest
تحت بازداشت بودن
be (placed ) under arrest
A man is under arrest (=the police are guarding him) following the suspicious death of his wife.
be arrested for/on suspicion of/ in connection with sth
Her father was arrested for fraud.
He was arrested on suspicion of supplying drugs
Five youths were arrested in connection with the attack
دستگیر / بازداشت کردن
arrest
They can arrest you for doing that.
به خاطر انجام آن کار می‌توانند دستگیرت کنند.
make arrest
Police made twenty arrests at yesterday’s demonstration.
پلیس در تظاهرات دیروز بیست نفر را بازداشت کرد.
detain /dɪˈteɪn/
Two suspects have been detained by the police for questioning.
She was detained in hospital with a suspected broken leg
He was detained in Washington on urgent business.
جرم جنائی، بزه، تبه کاری ، شرارت
felony /ˈfeləni/ قابل شمارش
Fewer than 25 percent of the people arrested on felony charges are convicted.
He committed a series of violent felonies.
offence /əˈfens/
It is an offence to drive while using a mobile phone
His solicitor said he committed the offence because he was heavily in debt.
The offence is punishable by up to three months’ imprisonment.
Motorists may be fined on the spot for driving offences such as speeding
Possession of the drug is an offence punishable by up to one year’s imprisonment.
It is an offence to carry a weapon in a public place.
a crime that is not very serious
misdemeanor [countable] :
They pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor and were fined.
to take a criminal to the police or another official organization
turn somebody over to somebody :
Suspected terrorists are immediately turned over to the law.
پرونده باز/ به سرانجام نرسیده
cold case
تبرئه کردن
not to pursue the case against somebody
drop case against somebody
Marshall has dropped the case against us.
be free from being controlled or held in a cage, prison, or institution
be on the loose:
Brewer escaped from prison last year and has been on the loose ever since.
آزاد کردن - از بند رها کردن
allow someone to be free
turn/set/let someone loose :
The kidnappers had set him loose on a dark country lane
ورود به عنف یا به ملک دیگری به قصد ارتکاب جرم
the crime of getting into a building to steal things
burglary /ˈbɜːɡləri $ ˈbɜːr-/ :
Burglaries have risen by 5%.
He was charged with burglary.
Most burglaries happen at night
محکمه، دیوان محاکمات
a type of court that is given official authority to deal with a particular situation or problem
tribunal /traɪˈbjuːnl/ :
The tribunal held its first session later that month.
The police gave evidence at the tribunal.
The case of your redundancy will be heard by an independent tribunal.
The tribunal members were sitting in judgement of the group involved in the trade dispute.
to listen to all the facts in a case in a court of law in order to make a legal decision
hear the case:
The Supreme Court heard the case on Tuesday.
پیگیری/ پیگرد قانونی کردن
prosecute /ˈprɑsəˌkjut/
A war crimes tribunal was set up to prosecute those charged with atrocities
a court that judges disagreements between workers and their employers
industrial tribunal
The case was referred to an industrial tribunal.
وکالت نمایندگی
representation
No legal aid was available to cover representation before tribunals
take sb to a police station to ask them questions about a crime
take sb in :
Detectives on the murder inquiry have taken in a new suspect for questioning.
All five teenagers were arrested and taken in for questioning
تقصیر ، گناه
the fact that you have broken an official law or moral rule Antonym :
guilt :
He did not deny his guilt
Both suspects admitted their guilt to the police.
هر دو مظنون، جرمشان را به پلیس اعتراف کردند.
offense /əˈfens/
Bigamy is considered an offence in most European countries.
دو همسری در بسیاری از کشور های اروپایی جرم محسوب می شود.
بی‌گناهی بی‌تقصیری
innocence
The prisoner’s family is convinced of her innocence.
. خانواده آن زندانی، به بی‌گناهی او اطمینان دارند [مطمئن هستند].
مدرک دال بر عدم حضور در صحنه جرم
something that proves that someone was not where a crime happened and therefore could not have done it
alibi /ˈæləbaɪ/ قابل شمارش
The suspects all had alibis for the day of the robbery.
مظنونین همگی مدارکی دال بر عدم حضور در صحنه جرم در روز دزدی داشتند.
He had a perfect alibi and the police let him go.
She was in the office all of Wednesday and so has a cast-iron alibi.
The videotape would have been useful to establish alibis for the defendants
The accused was not able to provide an alibi for the evening.
Will his alibi hold up (= continue to seem true) in court?
فرار مالیاتی
tax evasion /ɪˈveɪʒən/
He is in prison for tax evasion
موضوعی را مختومه کردن
dismiss charges/a case/a lawsuit
The company has asked the judge to dismiss the case saying that the claim it stole trade secrets is not legally well-founded
a decision by a judge to stop a court case
dismissal /dɪˈsmɪsəl/
سرقت مسلحانه کردن
to rob or try to rob a place or person by using violence
hold up something :
Two armed men held up a downtown liquor store last night
They held the same bank up twice in one week.
He was held up at gunpoint by a gang of masked youths.
سرقت / دزدی مسلحانه
hold-up
There was a hold-up at the local supermarket yesterday.
دیروز، سرقت مسلحانه‌ای در سوپرمارکت محله رخ داد.
متهم کردن - اتهام وارد کردن
to press charges (formally )
“the victims often refuse to press charges”
incriminate /ɪnˈkrɪməneɪt, ɪnˈkrɪmɪneɪt/
A secret report incriminating the company was leaked last week.
He refused to say anything on the grounds that he might incriminate himself.
تخلف /تخطی کردن
to break a law or moral rule
violate /ˈvaɪəleɪt/
The media regularly violates people’s privacy
They were charged with violating federal law.
It seems that the troops deliberately violated the ceasefire agreement.
The doctor has been accused of violating professional ethics.
transgress /trænzˈɡres $ træns-/:
Those are the rules, and anyone who transgresses will be severely punished
infringe /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ/
A backup copy of a computer program does not infringe copyright
They infringed building regulations
contravene /ˌkɒntrəˈviːn $ ˌkɑːn-/
certain members of his Administration had contravened the law.
اعضای بخصوصی از دولت او قانون را نقض کرده بودند.
Some portions of the bill(لایحه) may contravene state law.
to go onto someone’s private land without their permission
trespass on /ˈtrespəs $ -pəs, -pæs/
She was arrested for trespassing on government property
تخلف /تخطی
infringement /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ.mənt/
copyright infringement
Even minor infringements of the law will be severely punished.
transgression /trænzˈgreʃ.ən/
Who is supposed to have committed these transgressions?
حمله غافلگیرانه پلیس
takedown
قانون را به دست خود اجرا کردن
to do something illegal and often violent in order to punish someone because you know the law will not punish that person
take the law into your own hands :
One day, after years of violent abuse from her husband, she took the law into her own hands.
بازجویی ، بازپرسی
inquest /ˈɪŋkwest/ قابل شمارش
The court ordered a fresh inquest into the tragedy.
The inquest heard that she died from multiple injuries
An inquest found that the deceased had died of a drugs overdose.
A verdict of suicide was recorded at the inquest
At the inquest they heard that the car had driven off after the accident.
در جریان بازجویی آنها شنیدند که بعد از تصادف راننده فرار کرده است.
interrogation /ɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən/
He claims he was tortured during his interrogation.
Police interrogation methods have been questioned.
The committee has no power of interrogation.
Under interrogation, he refused to say anything at first.
استنطاق /بازپرسی /سوال‌پیچ /سین‌جیم /بازجویی کردن
to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to get information, sometimes using threats
interrogate /ɪnˈterəɡeɪt/
The police interrogated the suspect for several hours.
conduct interrogation
The interrogation was conducted by senior police officers.
to conduct/hold inquest /ˈɪŋkwest/
An inquest was held to discover the cause of death.
یک تحقیق برای شناسایی علت مرگ برقرار شد.
حکم/رای را برگرداندن و تغییردادن
return a verdict
The inquest returned a verdict of accidental death
پرونده ای را مختومه اعلام کردن
stop a court case from continuing
dismiss the case
The case was dismissed owing to lack of evidence
کسی را به زندان فرستادن
to send someone to prison
send somebody down
He was sent down for possession of cocaine.
He was sent down for armed robbery.
put sb away :
After what he did, he deserves to be put away for life.
حین ارتکاب جرم گیرافتادن
get caught with fingers/hand in the till
Senior officials who get caught with their fingers in the till must expect to be punished very severely
کسی را مجرم اعلام کردن
say officially that somebody is guilty
convict somebody of an offence /əˈfens/
The number of women convicted of serious offences is fairly small.
به جرم اقرار/اعتراف کردن
admit an offence /əˈfens/
He had admitted sex offences against children.
کاری را جرم قلمداد کردن
make something an offence to do something /əˈfens/
The Act made it an offence to sell cigarettes to children under 16
Drug smuggling was made a capital offense in 1987.
به کسی اتهام جرم وارد کردن
charge somebody with an offence /əˈfens/
In that year, 367 people were charged with terrorist offences.
Thirty-three people were charged with drug offences.
جرم/خطا کردن
do something that is against the law
commit an offence /əˈfens/
He had committed the offence of dangerous driving
وکیل گرفتن
lawyer up
He hasn’t even lawyered up, and thinks he can represent himself in court and take custody of the kids.
More examples
You guys better lawyer up. You better understand the urgency.
I think the best strategy is to shut up, lawyer up, and demand a jury trial.
Apparently you should lawyer up ASAP even if you’re just a witness?
جیب کسی را زدن جیب‌بری کردن
pick someone’s pocket
The back pocket on a pair of jeans is the easiest one to pick.
جیب پشتی شلوار لی آسان‌ترین جا برای جیب‌بری است.
مجازات کردن
punish for a crime by arresting and trying a court of law.
bring someone to justice
No effort will be spared to bring the people responsible to justice
They demanded that those responsible be brought to justice.
She’d need proof to bring Jason to justice.
محاکمه شدن - در دادگاه حاضر شدن
to be on trial
He’s on trial for murder.
او به خاطر قتل محاکمه می‌شود.
to stand/face trial
Doctors said he was unfit to stand trial.
دکترها گفتند او برای محاکمه شدن واجد شرایط نیست.
Three people are to stand trial over the deaths of a young couple.
She faces trial for murder
The president faces trial by television tonight when he takes part in a live debate.
come to trial
He never came to trial for the robbery. She died before the case came to trial.
go on trial
A man has gone on trial accused of murdering his girlfriend.
محاکمه کردن/کسی را به دادگاه کشاندن
to put/bring somebody on trial
The people who were responsible for this crime must be brought to trial.
افرادی که مسئول این جرم بودند باید به محاکمه شوند.
محاکمه
trial /ˈtraɪəl/
He did not receive a fair trial.
او محاکمه‌ای عادلانه نداشت [او را عادلانه محاکمه نکردند].
The trial is due to start next week
The letters that were shown during his trial turned out to be forgeries.
The trial collapsed after a key prosecution witness admitted lying.
Murder trial told of horrific attack
The judge halted the trial when it emerged witnesses had been threatened.
As a journalist he attended every murder trial of note
He is in prison awaiting trial on drugs charges
The rebels were brutally executed after summary trials
دادگاه / محکمه نمایشی
show-trial
A series of show trials of former senior officials of the ousted regime took place
محاکمه علنی
public trial
شهادت دادن (در دادگاه)
witness
He witnessed to having seen the robbery take place
او شهادت داد که سرقت را در حین ارتکاب دیده است.
give evidence
More than a hundred witnesses gave evidence at the trial.
testify /ˈtestəfaɪ, ˈtestɪfaɪ/
Mr Molto has agreed to testify at the trial.
the witness who had testified against him withdrew his allegation
.She refused to testify against her husband
He was asked to testify in court on assassination
to give testimony
The witness was called to give oral testimony about the incident outside the theatre
تسلیم به دادگاه شدن
be committed for trial
Four people had been arrested and committed for trial.
دادرسی غیابی
ex parte trial
توقیف احتیاطی، حبس موقت
detention pending trial
حکم دادگاه
a legal document from a court telling somebody to do or not to do something
writ
The company has been served with a writ for breach of contract.
payment of bills.
She has served a writ for libel on the newspaper (= She has delivered it to them officially).
Creditors could obtain a writ for the arrest of their debtors.
A writ was filed in the High Court.
The solicitor came to serve a writ on him.
22 defendants are named in the writ
We fully intend to issue a writ against the newspaper.
تصویب/قاونی کردن
to put something into action, especially to change something into a law
enact /ɪˈnækt/ :
A package of economic sanctions is to be enacted against the country.
محکومیت
conviction /kənˈvɪkʃən/
She has several previous convictions for burglary.
او چندین محکومیت قبلی برای سرقت دارد.
The conviction of the three demonstrators has caused public outrage.
محکومیت سه تظاهرکننده منجر به خشم عمومی شده‌است.
They had no previous convictions.
Applicants are checked for criminal convictions.
This was her third conviction for theft.
A reward is offered for information leading to the conviction of the attacker.
They need strong evidence to secure a conviction
He believes that too many defendants are escaping conviction by claiming that they are insane.
He appealed against his conviction for murder
The conviction rate for rape is extremely low.
محکومیت را لغو کردن
overturn conviction
The appeal court overturned the conviction against her
وکیل تسخیری
public defender
شهادت‌نامه استشهاد، سوگندنامه
a written statement that you swear is true, for use as proof in a court of law
affidavit /ˌæfɪdˈeɪvɪt/ قابل شمارش :
A prison doctor who treated the accused sent an affidavit about his mental state.
کسی را با وثیقه آزاد کردن
to leave a large sum of money with a court so that someone can be let out of prison while waiting for their trial
bail somebody out:
Clarke’s family paid £500 to bail him out
محکومیت
sentence
there are only two weeks left on his sentence
He is serving out the remainder of his sentence
He will have to serve a life sentence
She could face a long prison sentence
The offence carries a maximum sentence of two years in prison.
He has been in prison for two months under sentence of death.
The judge said the offence was too serious for a non-custodial sentence
an eight-year sentence for burglary
Her attacker got a two-year suspended sentence.
The judge imposed the mandatory sentence for murder
دادخواست
a statement by someone in a court of law saying whether they are guilty or not
plea
Adams made a plea of ‘not guilty’.
The prosecution accepted a plea of manslaughter.
A senior judge heard a plea for damages on behalf of the accident victims.
Her solicitor entered a plea of guilty on her behalf.
In court today, the judge consented to the lawyer’s plea for a light sentence.
امروز در دادگاه قاضی به دادخواست وکیل به حکمی سبک‌تر رضایت داد.
ادعای(قضایی) خود را تغییر دادن
flip one’s plea
relating to the scientific methods used for finding out about a crime
forensic /fəˈrensɪk, -zɪk/
Forensic experts found traces of blood in the car.
not come back for trial after being released on bail.
to jump bail
He had jumped bail last year while being tried on drug charges
در دادگاه اقامه یا ادعا کردن
to make a statement of what you believe to be true, especially in support of something or someone or when someone has been accused in a law court
plead /pliːd/
They paid a high-powered attorney to plead their case (= argue for them in court).
She successfully pleaded their cause with the mayor.
اظهار بی گناهی کردن
to say in a court of law if you are not guilty of something that you have been accused of
plead not guilty/innocence to sth
The defendant pleaded not guilty/innocent to robbery with violence
He pleaded not guilty to the murder.
اقرار به گناه/جرم کردن
plead guilty to sth
They pleaded guilty to price-fixing and paid a $45 million fine.
تعلیق مجازات ، ازادی مشروط
a period of time when a criminal must behave well and not commit any more crimes in order to avoid being sent to prison
probation
The judge sentenced Jennings to three years’ probation
He was placed on probation for two years.
She was sentenced to a year’s probation.
He was under a probation order for attacking a Once your probation period is successfully completed, you will be offered a contract.
The judge put her on probation for a year.
a person who has committed a particular crime – used especially by police officers
perp /pɜːp $ pɜːrp/ noun [countable]
حوزه ء قضایی
jurisdiction
These matters do not fall within our jurisdiction.
این مسائل مربوط به حوزه قضائی ما نمی شود.
School admissions are not under/within our jurisdiction
اختیار قانونی
the right to use an official power to make legal decisions, or the area where this right exists
jurisdiction over somebody/something
The committee has jurisdiction over all tax measures.
The Court of Appeal exercised its jurisdiction to order a review of the case.
دادگاه تجدید نظر حوزه ی قضائیی اش را برای بررسی پرونده به کار گرفت.
The court has no jurisdiction in/over cases of this kind
The commissioners had exclusive jurisdiction to decide.
قضایی حقوقی
juridical
In contrast the precise juridical basis for third party rights under the Convention remains uncertain.
It has taken a long time, and this is only the end in a juridical not a moral or historical sense.
حکم صادر کردن
to give a decision or judgment about something.
pass sentence (on somebody) The judge will pass sentence on the accused this afternoon.
impose/hand down a sentence
The judge imposed a three-year sentence.
rule (on something)
How long will it be before the court rules on your petition?
The boss will rule on your request tomorrow
The defendant asked for more time to provide additional evidence before the judge ruled on his case.
The committee is expected to rule on the controversial issue in the next week or so.
محکوم
someone who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to a prison
convict :
The convicts were sent from England to Australia.
Police were hunting for an escaped convict.
Low-risk convicts help to fight forest fires and clean up public lands.
کلاهبردار شیاد
someone who deceives people in order to get money or things
conman:
Conmen tricked the woman into giving them her savings, as an ‘investment’.
fraudster /ˈfrɔːdstə $ ˈfrɒːdstər/
The success of the fraudster often hinges on the ability to tell a convincing story.
Yesterday the school defended its decision to allow a convicted fraudster to lecture students.
کلاه برداری
fraudulence
پزشک کالبدشکاف
an official whose job is to discover the cause of someone’s death, especially if they died in a sudden or unusual way
coroner :
The coroner recorded a verdict of death by natural causes
The coroner issued a burial certificate.
The coroner ordered an investigation into the man’s death
مدرک گواه
evidence which confirms or supports a statement, theory, or finding
corroboration /kəˌrɒbəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/
“there is no independent corroboration for this”
people who exist by criminal activities or have a way of life most people disapprove of
lowlife:
Pete turned out to be a real lowlife.
He started mixing with drug-dealers, pimps and other lowlife.
the life and behaviour of people who are involved in criminal or immoral activities
low life:
a novel about low life in Chicago in the 1930s
سلاح گرم
firearm /ˈfʌɪərɑːm/
Jones pleaded guilty to possessing a firearm with criminal intent
The police charged her with possessing a firearm with intent to endanger life
He is wanted for robbery and firearms offences
He was found guilty of possessing an unlicensed firearm.
متهم شدن به چیزی
be charged with
He was charged with aggravated assault
Be accused of doing something
خبرچینی کسی را کردن
to tell someone in authority about something that another person has done wrong, because you want to cause trouble for that person
snitch on somebody
Somebody snitched on me.
ماده مخدر
dope
Jeff used to smoke dope all the time.
He has admitted smoking dope as a teenager.
او اعتراف کرده است که در نوجوانی مواد مخدر کشیده است.
my dad caught me smoking dope
از کسی حرف کشیدن
to force someone to tell you something
squeeze something out of somebody :
See if you can squeeze more information out of them.
دورزدن قانون
bend the law
I didn’t break the rules. I just bent the rules a little.
Nobody ever got arrested for bending the law.
To plead guilty in the hope of getting a reduced sentence or some other consideration
to plead out
‘He was caught with his hand in the till, but he chose to plead out while implicating others and got off with a suspended sentence.’
اهانت به دادگاه
disobedience or disrespect towards a court of law
contempt of court /kənˈtɛmpt ʌv kɔrt/ غیرقابل شمارش:
He was jailed for seven days for contempt of court.
Any person who disregards this order will be in contempt of court.
هر کس به این حکم بی توجهی کند اهانت به دادگاه کرده است.
اقامه دعوی دادخواست شکایت
a problem or complaint that a person or company brings to a court of law to be settled
suit
The judge dismissed their divorce suit.
قاضی درخواست طلاق آنها را رد کرد.
دادخواهی کردن/دادخواست دادن [طرح دعوی کردن] علیه کسی
to file/bring a suit against somebody
Johnson has filed suit against her.
“جانسون” علیه او دادخواهی کرد [طرح دعوی کرد].
برحق، قانونی، مشروع
acceptable or allowed by law
legitimate /ləˈdʒɪtəmət, lɪˈdʒɪtəmət/:
Their business operations are perfectly legitimate.
Most scientists believe it is legitimate to use animals in medical research.
شهادت، گواهی
a formal statement saying that something is true, especially one a witness makes in a court of law
testimony /ˈtestɪmoʊni/:
Barker’s testimony is crucial to the prosecution’s case.
In his testimony, he denied that the company had ignored safety procedures.
Her claim was supported by the testimony of several witnesses.
ادعای او توسط شهادت چندین شاهد حمایت شد.
عدالت را در مورد کسی اجرا کردن
put /bring someone to justice
They demanded that those responsible be brought to justice.
She’d need proof to bring Jason to justice.
منصب قضاوت
judgeship
قانون عرفی
common law قابل شمارش
اتهام بی اساس
wild accusation
I said to them if you have proof of this, you must produce and not make wild accusations
There were always some wild accusations flying around.
تایید کردن حکم (سابق)
to uphold a conviction/sentence
The conviction was upheld by the Court of Appeal.
Three judges unanimously upheld the sentence.
قانون را حفظ کردن از قانون پاسداری کردن
uphold the law
We are determined to uphold the law.
استنطاق کردن از شهود در دادگاه
to cross-examine /ˌkrɔːs ɪɡˈzæmɪn/
The witness was cross-examined for over two hours.
از شاهد بالغ بر دو ساعت استنطاق شد.
عدالت را اجرا کردن
serve justice
اتهام
the act or process of making someone seem guilty, especially of a crime
incrimination /ɪnˌkrɪm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/ :
He destroyed the receipt to avoid incrimination.
wrongful incrimination from DNA evidence
معافیت از مجازات
impunity /ɪmˈpjuːnəti/ غیرقابل شمارش
Criminal gangs are terrorizing the city with apparent impunity.
دار و دسته مجرم ها دارند به خاطر کیفرناپذیری آشکارا شهر را می‌‌ترسانند.
The border guards allowed the doctor to cross the frontier with impunity.
مرزبان ها گذاشتند دکتر با معافیت از مجازات از مرز رد شود.
شاهد عینی
Eye-witness
Eye-witness accounts told of the unprovoked shooting of civilians.
اظهارات شاهدان عینی از تیراندازی بی دلیل شهروندان غیرنظامی گفته است.
وکیل گرفتن
to get a lawyer.
He advised me to get a lawyer.
او به من توصیه کرد که وکیل بگیرم.
حکم زندان
custodial sentence
The judge gave him a custodial sentence
(به بازداشتگاه) برگرداندن
to send someone accused of committing a crime away from court until their trial begins
remand /rɪˈmɑːnd/
The accused was remanded in custody (= kept in prison before the trial began) for a week.
زمان در انتظار محاکمه
the period of time that someone spends in prison before their trial
remand /rɪˈmænd/
He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.
He was held on remand in prison for 18 months
به قید وثیقه آزاد بودن
be remanded on bail
گواهی کتبی ، استشهادیه
deposition /ˌdep.əˈzɪʃ.ən/
Before the court case, we had to file/give a deposition.
Our lawyer took a deposition from us
توقیف، حبس
custody /ˈkʌstədi/
You will be remanded in custody until your trial
به قانون اهانت کردن
show great disdain for the law
Judges sometimes show great disdain for the law
solve a crime, discover who is guilty
crack this case
David will crack this case; he’s a thorough investigator
شاکی، دادخواه، عارض، مدعی، خواهان،
complainant
The burden of proof is on the complainant to bring forth any evidence they have.
حق السکوت
money that a person pays someone to hush something up
hush money
He’s accused of paying her hush money to keep their affair secret.
She claimed that the minister had offered her hush money to keep their child a secret
Taking hush money from gang, the witness kept his mouth shut about what he saw.
