economy

Question 1

فیش واریزی

Answer 1

deposit slip

Question 2

سود سهام

Answer 2

dividend /ˈdɪvɪdend/
As director and principal shareholder, he receives a substantial annual dividend from the company.
او به عنوان مدیر و سهامدار اصلی سود سالانه قابل توجهی از شرکت دریافت می کند.

Question 3

بدهی را پرداخت کردن

Answer 3

to discharge the liability

Don’t expect me to discharge your liabilities

Question 4

تعهد مالی

Answer 4

liability
The business has liabilities of 2 million euros.

financial obligation

Question 5

to increase something such as a rent or price, especially by an amount that is considered to be too much

Answer 5

rack up

Our landlord racked up the rent by 15% this year.

Question 6

بدهی بالا آوردن

Answer 6

rack up debt

their company imploded under the weight of debts it had racked up
شرکتشون زیر بدهی ای که بالا آورده بود از هم پاشید

Question 7

مخارج را تا ۵۰ درصد کاهش دادن

Answer 7

Trim the costs by fifty percent

Question 8

مصرف روزانه

Answer 8

daily intake

مصرف روزانه چربیتو بیار پایین.
Reduce your daily fat intake.

Question 9

چیزی را به کسی انداختن

To discard something unwanted by giving or selling it to one (under the pretense of it being something else).

Answer 9

palm (something) off (on sb) (as something else)

داشت خونه شو به ما می نداخت. سقفش پر از عنکبوت بود.
He was trying to palm his house off on us. Its cellar was seething with spiders.

There are always guys palming off cheap watches as Rolexes in this part of town.

Question 10

ما تصمیم گرفتیم که دیگه تو شرکت شما سرمایه گذاری نکنیم.

Answer 10

We have decided to pull the plug on any further investment in your firm.

Question 11

استطاعت مالی

Answer 11

financial wherewithal /ˈweəwɪðɔːl $ ˈwerwɪðɒːl/
I don’t have the financial wherewithal to go on a pilgrimage to Mecca
استطاعت مالی ش رو ندارم که برم حج

Question 12

خط فقر

the condition of only just having enough money or food to stay alive:

Answer 12

subsistence level

Many of the families are forced to live at the subsistence level.

Question 13

مبلغ سرمایه گذاری شده ، هزینه

the amount of money that you have to spend in order to start a new business, activity etc

Answer 13

outlay
For a relatively small outlay, you can start a home hairdressing business
House buyers usually have a large initial outlay on carpets and furniture
The revenue from the farm could repay the initial outlay within three years.
The project would require little financial outlay.

Question 14

عایدی ، درامد ، سود

Answer 14

revenue /ˈrevənjuː, ˈrevɪnjuː $ -nuː/
These television companies rely on advertising revenue for their funds.
The project will not generate any revenue until 2010.
Their government’s revenues come mainly from direct taxes.
Tourism is the island’s main source of revenue.

takings /ˈteɪkɪŋz/
The box office takings are up on last week.
درآمد گیشه هفته ی گذشته بالا بوده است.

Question 15

money that the government receives from tax:

Answer 15

revenue /ˈrevənjuː, ˈrevɪnjuː $ -nuː/
an increase in tax revenues of 8.4%
The central government collects the tax revenue on behalf of local authorities.

Question 16

فرار مالیاتی

Answer 16

Tax fraud

Tax fraud costs the country millions in lost revenue.

Question 17

to get back money that you have spent or lost in business

Answer 17

recuperate /rɪˈkjuːpəreɪt, -ˈkuː-/
we must recuperate the damage incurred as soon as possible
We should join hands to recuperate the lost capital.
باید دست به دست هم بدیم و سرمایه‌ از دست رفته رو جبران کنیم.
I don’t think we will be able to recuperate all our outlay.

Question 18

خرج روی دست کسی گذاشتن

Answer 18

incur expenses for sb
They incurred huge expenses for the firm.
آنها کلی خرج رو دست شرکت گذاشتند.

Question 19

بدهی بالا آوردن

Answer 19

incur debts
He fled the country after incurring huge debts.
بعد از اینکه کلی قرض بالا آورد از کشور فرار کرد.

Question 20

از زیر بدهی در آمدن

Answer 20

out of the red
This year our company is likely to get out of the red before fall.
امسال شرکت ما احتمالا قبل از پاییز از بدهکاری در می آید.

Question 21

the total amount of money that a company has made or lost over a particular period of time.

Answer 21

bottom line
These small promotions were costly and they did nothing to increase his bottom line
What is the bottom line for this quarter?

Question 22

to increase in price, or to make something increase in price

Answer 22

to inflate prices /ɪnˈfleɪt/

Hotels often inflate prices at particular times of the year.

Question 23

پس انداز کردن

to keep money so that you can buy something with it in the future

Answer 23

save (sth) up :
It took me ages to save up enough money to go travelling.
She’s saving up for a new bike.

Question 24

بدهکار شدن

To come to be in a position of owing money to someone or something (such as a bank or other lending institution).

Answer 24

get into debt

If you spend more with your credit cards than you can reasonably pay off, you’ll get into debt before you know it.

Question 25

مبلغی قیمت داشتن

to have a value in money:

Answer 25

be worth something

1. My house now is worth double what I paid for it.
2. در حال حاضر خانه من دو برابر چیزی [مبلغی] که من برایش پرداختم، قیمت دارد.
3. Our house is worth about £100 000.
4. خانه ما حدودا 100000 پوند قیمت دارد.

Question 26

a large amount of money that someone borrows from a bank or company to buy a house:

Answer 26

mortgage /ˈmɔːɡɪdʒ $ ˈmɔːr-/
Your building society or bank will help arrange a mortgage.
They’ve taken out(=borrow money to buy a house) a 30-year mortgage (=they will pay for their house over a period of 30 years).
We decided to use Fred’s redundancy money to pay off the mortgage (=pay back all the money we borrowed for a mortgage).
Mortgage rates are set to rise again in the spring.
She was having trouble meeting her mortgage payments.
They were struggling to keep up with their mortgage repayments.
He fell behind with the mortgage(=be unable to pay enough money each month) when he lost his job
I couldn’t get a mortgage on the property.

Question 27

گرو گذاشتن ، رهن گذاشتن

Answer 27

to mortgage /ˈmɔːɡɪdʒ $ ˈmɔːr-/

We mortgaged our house to start Paul’s business

Question 28

فک رهن کردن، از گرو در آوردن

Answer 28

to redeem

There are penalties if you want to redeem your mortgage early
My family was relieved to hear that the mortgage had been redeemed.
(اعضای) خانواده‌ام وقتی شنیدند که وثیقه از گرو آزاد شده است، خیالشان راحت شد.
The property on which money has been lent is redeemed when the loan is paid back.
ملکی که بر مبنای (روی آن) پول قرض داده شده است، پس از باز پرداخت وام، فک رهن می‌شود.

Question 29

دست تنگ بودن

having little or no money at the moment

Answer 29

be strapped (for cash) 
 Can you lend me ten dollars? I’m a little strapped for cash.

Question 30

the amount of money that you owe to bank when you have spent more money than you had in your account

Answer 30

overdraft
I left university with no job and a big overdraft.
20% of the bank’s customers regularly use their overdraft facility.
You have to pay a fee for unauthorized overdrafts

Question 31

an arrangement with a shop or bank that allows you to buy something and pay for it later

Answer 31

credit [uncountable] :
We bought the furniture on credit.
He had a credit limit of £7,000

Question 32

an amount of money that a person or organization owes

Answer 32

debt
The company now has debts of almost £2 million.
A lot of the money went towards paying his debts.
The family were $100,000 in debt (=they owed $100,000).

Question 33

an amount of money that is borrowed, especially from a bank or company, which you agree to pay back by the end of a period of time

Answer 33

loan
We took out a loan to buy a new car.
He is paying back a $50,000 loan.

Question 34

the sum of your assets, for example the value of your house, once your debts have been subtracted from it

Answer 34

equity /ˈek.wɪ.ti/
He sold his equity in the company last year.
The rights give holders the opportunity to purchase additional equity interests in the company at a big discount.

Question 35

سهامی عام شدن

Answer 35

go public
In order to prevent future loses, we have to let the shares go public.
برای اینکه جلوی ضررهای آینده را بگیریم، باید بگذاریم سهام ها سهامی عام شود.

Question 36

to receive money from sales.

Answer 36

take in money
The show took in $100,000 over this weekend alone.
We were able to take in a lot of money at the charity auction.

Question 37

تولید ناخالص داخلی

Answer 37

gross domestic product قابل شمارش

Question 38

سود ناخالص حاشیه سود

Answer 38

gross margin قابل شمارش

gross profit قابل شمارش

Question 39

نزولخوار

Answer 39

pawn broker

Question 40

تحریم

Answer 40

sanction
Some companies have broken sanctions by supplying arms to the warring (درگیر جنگ) states.
The company is in breach of a sanctions order.
UN called for sanctions against the invading country.

Question 41

ورشکسته شدن

Answer 41

go bankrupt

It’s the latest Internet company to go public and then immediately go bankrupt.

Question 42

ریاضت اقتصادی

Answer 42

economic sacrifice

The minister stressed the need for economic sacrifice.

Question 43

بیت المال

Answer 43

public funds
They misappropriate public funds without a qualm.
آنها بدون هیچ ابایی بیت المال را حیف و میل می‌کنند.

Question 44

to be extremely rich

Answer 44

be rolling in money:

If they can afford a yacht, they must be rolling in it.

Question 45

اضافه‌برداشت - چک بی‌محل

Answer 45

overdraft /ˈoʊvərdræft/
I had to arrange an overdraft to pay for the car.
من مجبور شدم برای خرید ماشین چک بی‌محل امضا کنم.
The savings account has no overdraft facility.
حساب‌های پس‌انداز تسهیلات اضافه برداشت ندارد.

Question 46

تسویه کردن (به‌طور کامل) پرداخت کردن صاف کردن

to give someone all the money you owe them

Answer 46

to pay off [گذشته: paid off] [گذشته کامل: paid off]:
I’ll pay off all my debts first.
He finally paid his overdraft off.

Question 47

مالیات بستن بر

Answer 47

to impose/levy excise on sth /ɪkˈsaɪz/

the excise levied on beer and tobacco

Question 48

قسط

one of a series of regular payments that you make until you have paid all the money you owe

Answer 48

installment :
She’s paying for her new car in monthly installments They’re letting me pay for the washing machine by monthly installments.
The next installment is not due until July.
We offer an installment plan.
The amounts are repayable by installment
a loan repaid in equal annual installments
She sold the car before she had paid the installments

Question 49

دیون/بدهی های معوقه

money that is owed and should already have been paid

Answer 49

arrears
The tenants agreed to pay off the arrears in installments.
He ran into difficulties with his mortgage, building up more than £18,000 arrears.
The government is committed to the full and timely payment of its public debt and arrears.

Question 50

کاهش بودجه

Answer 50

budget squeeze/crunch /ˈbʌʤɪt skwiz/
The budget squeeze hasn’t affect us yet.
کاهش بودجه هنوز تاثیری روی ما تاثیری نگذاشته است.

Question 51

توسعه اقتصادی

Answer 51

economic expansion /ˌekəˈnɒmɪk ɪkˈspænʃən/

Question 52

الگوی مصرف

Answer 52

consumption pattern

Question 53

دارایی - سرمایه

Answer 53

asset /ˈæset/
The company’s net assets are worth millions.
He transferred all his assets into his wife’s name
Net assets have grown to $169 million.
The courts can order a company’s assets to be frozen

Question 54

دارایی نقدی

Answer 54

Liquid assets

Liquid assets can be sold more quickly

Question 55

دارایی سرمایه ای، دارایی که برای دراز مدت سرمایه گذاری شده

Answer 55

capital assets

The business disposed of all its capital assets.

Question 56

سلب مالکیت از دارایی

Answer 56

asset stripping

measures to prevent asset stripping

Question 57

پول خُرد

Answer 57

loose change

Question 58

ریاضت اقتصادی

difficult economic conditions created by government measures to reduce public expenditure.

Answer 58

austerity /ɒˈstɛrɪti,ɔːˈstɛrɪti/
Greece must implement austerity measures in order to receive the loan from the European Union
The government could afford a slight relaxation of its austerity
a time of great austerity after the war
Russians have faced years of austerity after communism’s fall.
the austerities of post-communist Eastern Europe

Question 59

a way of protecting oneself against financial loss or other adverse circumstances.

Answer 59

hedge /hɛdʒ/

Buying a house will be a hedge against inflation

Question 60

دفتر کل (حسابداری)

Answer 60

ledger

I’ll have to check the entries in the ledger.

Question 61

قسط

Answer 61

installment

He organized a sales ledger which offered a credit account to naval customers, and even encouraged payment by instalment