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civil Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

کسی که سطح بتن را صاف می کند

A

concrete finisher

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2
Q

پیمانکار جزء

A

subcontractor

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3
Q

منطقه ساخت و ساز

A

building site

I work on building sites.

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4
Q

کاراموز

A

apprentice /əˈprentəs, əˈprentɪs/
Apprentices are supervised at work and learn on the job.
Most apprentices also attend vocational school and get a qualification

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5
Q

شاگردی کردن

A

to apprentice /əˈprentəs, əˈprentɪs/

He was apprenticed to a local architect.

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6
Q

کارگر باتجربه

an experienced worker whose work is acceptable but not excellent

A

journeyman

Journeymen work unsupervised

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7
Q

رسوب

A

sediment /ˈsedəmənt, ˈsedɪmənt/

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8
Q

موم

a substance produced by bees, used especially for making furniture polish and candles

A

beeswax /ˈbiːzwæks

In one investigation, he even tried to convert pollen [دانه گرده] into beeswax.

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9
Q

چاهی که با دست حفر شده باشد

A

dug well

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10
Q

همسطح ، همتراز

A

flush

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11
Q

توسعه دادن

to make a room, building, road etc bigger or longer

A

to extend

We plan to extend the kitchen by six feet.

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12
Q

جوی کنار خیابان - ناودان

A

gutter

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13
Q

باد/گاز تزریق کردن

to fill something with air or gas so it becomes larger, or to become filled with air or gas

A

inflate /ɪnˈfleɪt/

The balloon was kept fully inflated with hydrogen.

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14
Q

لغزان کننده ، روان کننده

A

lubricant /ˈluːbrɪkənt/

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15
Q

خاکریز کردن سنگچین کردن

A

to embank

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16
Q

رسوب‌گذاری

A

deposition /ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən/
The quick deposition of these sediments resulted in clay compaction and the isolation of porous and permeable sand with impermeable shales.

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17
Q

ناتراوا ، نفوذناپذیر

A

impervious /ɪmˈpɜːviəs $ -ɜːr-/
How does glue bond with impervious substances like glass and metal?
The overlying rocks must be impervious, otherwise the oil simply escapes.

impermeable /ɪmˈpɜːmiəbəl $ -ɜːr-/
No paint is impermeable to water vapor.
The layer of clay acts as an impermeable barrier against some chemicals.
Water can not easily flow in these impermeable rocks.

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18
Q

صورت وضعیت

A

statement

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19
Q

آبرو کنار راه

A

ditch
Ditches were dug to prevent the river from flooding
The drainage system consisted of a few open ditches to facilitate run-off
The ditch ran parallel to the road
I tripped and fell into a muddy ditch

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20
Q

رنگزدایی، رنگبری

A

bleach /bliːtʃ/

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21
Q

لکه کردن/شدن

A 
stain 
Be careful you don’t stain the carpet.
a cowboy hat stained with dust and sweat
 This tablecloth stains very easily.
 Her fingers were stained yellow from years of smoking
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22
Q

نام/غرور/شهرت کسی را لکه دار کردن

to damage the good opinion that people have about someone

A

stain sb’s name/honour/reputation

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23
Q

رنگ زدن

to change the colour of something, especially something made of wood, by using a special liquid

A

stain :
We’ve decided to stain the shelves blue

dye /daɪ/
Priscilla’s hair was dyed jet black.

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24
Q

بیل،

A

spade

He dug a deep hole in the lawn(چمن علفزار) with his spade.

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25
Q

کنترلر، بازرس

an official whose job is to check that something is satisfactory and that rules are being obeyed

A

inspector /ɪnˈspektə $ -ər/:
Construction or building inspectors need several years of experience as a manager, supervisor, or craft worker before becoming inspectors.
ticket inspectors
a Health and Safety inspector
Standards of discipline at the school were strongly criticized in the inspector’s report.
The school inspectors were called in.
the inspector in charge of producing the report

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26
Q

شیشه بُر

someone whose job is to fit glass into window frames

A

glazier /ˈɡleɪziə $ -ʒər/

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27
Q

شاگردی کردن برای جایی

A

apprentice to /əˈprentəs, əˈprentɪs/:

He was apprenticed to a local architect.

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28
Q

شاگرد - کارآموز

A

apprentice /əˈprentəs, əˈprentɪs/

Apprentices are supervised at work and learn on the job

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29
Q

آموزشگاه حرفه ای
A school, especially one on a secondary level, that offers instruction and practical introductory experience in skilled trades such as mechanics, carpentry, plumbing, and construction.

A

vocational school

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30
Q

کارگر روزمزد

A

Journey man

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31
Q

نجاری

A

Carpentry

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32
Q

روکش (چوب)

A

veneer /vəˈnɪr/ قابل شمارش

Veneers were used only to mask carpentry mistakes.

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33
Q

شاگردی، دوره کارآموزی

A

apprenticeship /əˈprɛntəˌsʃɪp/
He had served his apprenticeship as a plumber.
او کارآموزی‌اش را به‌عنوان لوله‌کش گذرانده بود.
She was in the second year of her apprenticeship as a carpenter.
او در دومین سال کارآموزی‌اش به‌عنوان نجار بود.

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34
Q

بنایی، سنگ کاری

A

masonry /ˈmeɪsənri/ غیرقابل شمارش
He acquired a knowledge of carpentry and masonry.
او دانش نجاری و بنایی کسب کرد.

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35
Q

the bricks or stone from which a building, wall etc has been made

A

masonry /ˈmeɪsənri/ غیرقابل شمارش
She was injured by falling masonry.
او به وسیله یک سازه بنایی در حال سقوط آسیب دید.

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36
Q

آجرچین

A

bricklayer

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37
Q

to separate an area from a larger area by building a wall of bricks

A

brick something off :

Some of the rooms had been bricked off.

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38
Q

to fill or close a space by building a wall of bricks in it

A

brick something up/in :

The windows were bricked up.

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39
Q

ردیف آجر - رج

A

course of bricks

They put an extra course of bricks round the pool.

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40
Q

آجرچینی کردن

A

to lay bricks

41
Q

دودکش

A

chimney

The chimney was made of bricks

42
Q

سیمکشی کردن

A

do the wiring

43
Q

تخته زیر سری

A

mudsill

We need timber to make mudsills.

44
Q

تخته بندی، چوب فرش

wood that has been cut into planks, especially when it is used to make a floor, bridge, or fence

A

planking /ˈplæŋkɪŋ/ noun [uncountable]

45
Q

داربست بندی

A

scaffolding
The ground is too soft for the scaffolding.
Scaffolding has been erected around the tower and repair work will start next week.
داربست اطراف برج برپا شده است و کار تعمیر هفته آینده شروع خواهد شد.

46
Q

سرکارگر

A

foreman
He spoke as though he were a rich landowner instead of just the foreman of a modest building firm.
Her father is a retired mining foreman

47
Q

تهویه

A

ventilation /ˌventɪˈleɪʃn/ غیرقابل شمارش

48
Q

تهویه

A

ventilation /ˌventɪˈleɪʃn/ غیرقابل شمارش
Inspectors checked that there was adequate ventilation.
The windows at the back are blocked up, so there is no through ventilation.

49
Q

هواکش

A

vent /vɛnt/ قابل شمارش
a blocked air vent
If you have a gas fire in a room, you should have some kind of outside vent.
اگر در اتاقی شومینه دارید، باید نوعی دریچه بیرونی داشته باشید.

50
Q

صندوق مشبک

A

crate

They stacked the crates in the corner of the yard.

51
Q

تسمه اتصال - آویز

A

sling

52
Q

قلاب

A

hook

53
Q

میلگرد عاجدار

A

rebar

54
Q

الوار تیر چوبی

A

timber

55
Q

الوار تیر چوبی

A

timber

Our timber comes in a range of standard sizes, but can also be made to order

56
Q

اهرم دسته، دیلم

A

lever /ˈlɛvər/ قابل شمارش

Pull this lever to open the gate

57
Q

وزنه تعادل

A

counterweight

There’s a counterweight behind the cab.

58
Q

دکل

A

mast

The operator sits in a cab near the top of the mast

59
Q

بازوی جرثقیل یا بیل مکانیکی

A

jib
The load is on the other side of the jib.

boom
The operator extends or retracts (تو بردن و جمع کردن)the boom

60
Q

با جرثقیل کابلی بالا کشیدن

A

to winch

61
Q

پایه جرثقیل

A

outrigger /aʊtɹˈɪɡɚ/

Both cranes use stabilizers or outrigger and counterweights to maintain stability.

62
Q

سیلندر استوانه ای

A

drum

portable mixers have a small drum which rotates

63
Q

کانال دفع شوت (زباله و رخت)

A

chute /ʃut/ قابل شمارش

The chute man pours the concrete down the chute, or uses a pump to get the concrete to difficult locations.

64
Q

قیف

A

funnel /ˈfʌnl/

65
Q

عایق کاری یا عایق بندی

A

insulation /ˌɪnsjəˈleɪʃən, ˌɪnsjʊˈleɪʃən $ ˌɪnsə-/
Blankets provided insulation against the cold
We specialize in acoustic, thermal and fire protection insulation for walls and floors
Cavity wall insulation goes between the inner and outer walls

66
Q

تخته چند لا

A

plywood /ˈplaɪwʊd/ noun [uncountable]

This method will make the floor covering plywood into one extra-thick unit, able to control that shaking

67
Q

تخته نئوپان

A

chipboard

68
Q

کابل 3 رشته ای

A

three-core cable

69
Q

نوار آب بند

A

insulating tape

Do you have a spare roll of insulating tape in your toolbox?

70
Q

سیم سیار

A

extension cable

I need 15 meters of extension cable

71
Q

دوشاخه

A

plug
The plug on my iron needs changing.
an electric plug

socket

outlet

72
Q

تخته گچی مخصوص نصب به دیوار

board made of large sheets of thick paper held together with plaster, used to cover walls and ceilings inside a house

A

plasterboard /ˈplæstərbɔːrd/ غیرقابل شمارش
He could hear his father snoring through the thin plasterboard

drywall

73
Q

نوار نمدی (برای هوابندی)

A

felt tape/strip

Felt tape is used for pipes.

74
Q

لوله کشی کاورشده با اسفنج

A

foam tubing

Foam tubing is used to insulate pipes

75
Q

بست دیواری

A

wall tie

Wall ties are used to hold the inner and outer walls together

76
Q

عایق بندی حرارتی

A

thermal insulation

Solid wall insulation is used to provide thermal insulation

77
Q

پشم کانی، پشم معدنی
An inorganic fibrous substance that is produced by steam blasting and cooling molten glass or a similar substance and is used as an insulator and a filtering material.

A

mineral wool

rock wool.

78
Q

بتن خشک شده/خیس

A

solid/liquid concrete

The concrete on the first floor is solid,but on the second one is still liquid

79
Q

رنگ خشک شده/تازه

A

dried/wet paint

80
Q

مصالح سنگی درشت دانه/ریزدانه

A

coarse/fine aggregate

81
Q

لوله کشی آب

A

water pipe installation

82
Q

نقشه کارگاهی

A

drawing

He coordinates construction drawings and specifications from different subcontractors

83
Q

تاخیر

A

delay

Bad weather often causes long delays on construction sites

84
Q

خاک انداز، پارو، کج بیل

A

Shovel

85
Q

چدن

A

cast iron

86
Q

الحاقیه

A

extension

They’re building an extension to their house

87
Q

اتاق زیرشیروانی

A

attic /ˈætɪk/
Her photography studio was a converted attic.
I’ve got boxes of old clothes in the attic, which I really should throw out.
an attic bedroom at the top of the house

88
Q

نشست کردن

A

subside /səbˈsaɪd/

After the heavy rains, part of the road subsided.

89
Q

construct or arrange buildings or gardens according to a plan.

A

to lay out

“they proceeded to lay out a new town”

90
Q

خوردگی پوسیدگی، زنگ زدگی

A

corrosion

91
Q

خورده شدن زنگ زدن، پوسیدن

A

corrode /kəˈroʊd/
Iron objects corrode rapidly in damp conditions.
اشیایی آهنی در شرایط (آب‌وهوایی) مرطوب، به سرعت زنگ می‌زنند.

92
Q

بازسازی کردن

A

rehabilitate
The old house was rehabilitated at enormous expense.
خانه قدیمی با هزینه گزافی بازسازی شد.
This wing of the house must be rehabilitated promptly, as there is a danger it will collapse.*
این بخش خانه باید سریعا بازسازی شود، زیرا خطر ریزش آن وجود دارد.

93
Q

بار را تحمل کردن

A

to bear weight
The weight of the bridge is borne by steel beams.
وزن پل توسط تیرچه‌های فولادی تحمل می‌شود.

94
Q

تحت‌الارضی زیرزمینی

A

subterranean /ˌsʌbtəˈreɪniən/

a subterranean cave یک غار زیرزمینی

95
Q

خالجوش

A

spot weld /spˈɑːt wˈɛld/ قابل شمارش

96
Q

قرنیز

A

baseboard /ˈbeɪsbɔːrd/ قابل شمارش
In architecture, a baseboard is a usually wooden board covering the lowest part of a wall.
در معماری، قرنیز معمولا به تخته چوبی باریکی گفته می شود که انتهای دیوار را می پوشاند.

97
Q

پنجره ی روبه بام (مانند پنجره ی پاسیو)
پنجره سقفی
نورگیر

A

skylight
The skylight will provide good illumination from above.
A square of light shone from the skylight.
Putting in a skylight made the attic seem big and bright
A skylight had been let into the roof.

98
Q

شانه جاده

شانه خاکی

A

lay-by /lˈeɪbˈaɪ/ قابل شمارش
We pulled into a lay-by to look at the map.
ما در شانه خاکی توقف کردیم تا به نقشه نگاهی بیندازیم.

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