civil Flashcards
کسی که سطح بتن را صاف می کند
concrete finisher
پیمانکار جزء
subcontractor
منطقه ساخت و ساز
building site
I work on building sites.
کاراموز
apprentice /əˈprentəs, əˈprentɪs/
Apprentices are supervised at work and learn on the job.
Most apprentices also attend vocational school and get a qualification
شاگردی کردن
to apprentice /əˈprentəs, əˈprentɪs/
He was apprenticed to a local architect.
کارگر باتجربه
an experienced worker whose work is acceptable but not excellent
journeyman
Journeymen work unsupervised
رسوب
sediment /ˈsedəmənt, ˈsedɪmənt/
موم
a substance produced by bees, used especially for making furniture polish and candles
beeswax /ˈbiːzwæks
In one investigation, he even tried to convert pollen [دانه گرده] into beeswax.
چاهی که با دست حفر شده باشد
dug well
همسطح ، همتراز
flush
توسعه دادن
to make a room, building, road etc bigger or longer
to extend
We plan to extend the kitchen by six feet.
جوی کنار خیابان - ناودان
gutter
باد/گاز تزریق کردن
to fill something with air or gas so it becomes larger, or to become filled with air or gas
inflate /ɪnˈfleɪt/
The balloon was kept fully inflated with hydrogen.
لغزان کننده ، روان کننده
lubricant /ˈluːbrɪkənt/
خاکریز کردن سنگچین کردن
to embank
رسوبگذاری
deposition /ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən/
The quick deposition of these sediments resulted in clay compaction and the isolation of porous and permeable sand with impermeable shales.
ناتراوا ، نفوذناپذیر
impervious /ɪmˈpɜːviəs $ -ɜːr-/
How does glue bond with impervious substances like glass and metal?
The overlying rocks must be impervious, otherwise the oil simply escapes.
impermeable /ɪmˈpɜːmiəbəl $ -ɜːr-/
No paint is impermeable to water vapor.
The layer of clay acts as an impermeable barrier against some chemicals.
Water can not easily flow in these impermeable rocks.
صورت وضعیت
statement
آبرو کنار راه
ditch
Ditches were dug to prevent the river from flooding
The drainage system consisted of a few open ditches to facilitate run-off
The ditch ran parallel to the road
I tripped and fell into a muddy ditch
رنگزدایی، رنگبری
bleach /bliːtʃ/
لکه کردن/شدن
stain Be careful you don’t stain the carpet. a cowboy hat stained with dust and sweat This tablecloth stains very easily. Her fingers were stained yellow from years of smoking
نام/غرور/شهرت کسی را لکه دار کردن
to damage the good opinion that people have about someone
stain sb’s name/honour/reputation
رنگ زدن
to change the colour of something, especially something made of wood, by using a special liquid
stain :
We’ve decided to stain the shelves blue
dye /daɪ/
Priscilla’s hair was dyed jet black.
بیل،
spade
He dug a deep hole in the lawn(چمن علفزار) with his spade.
کنترلر، بازرس
an official whose job is to check that something is satisfactory and that rules are being obeyed
inspector /ɪnˈspektə $ -ər/:
Construction or building inspectors need several years of experience as a manager, supervisor, or craft worker before becoming inspectors.
ticket inspectors
a Health and Safety inspector
Standards of discipline at the school were strongly criticized in the inspector’s report.
The school inspectors were called in.
the inspector in charge of producing the report
شیشه بُر
someone whose job is to fit glass into window frames
glazier /ˈɡleɪziə $ -ʒər/
شاگردی کردن برای جایی
apprentice to /əˈprentəs, əˈprentɪs/:
He was apprenticed to a local architect.
شاگرد - کارآموز
apprentice /əˈprentəs, əˈprentɪs/
Apprentices are supervised at work and learn on the job
آموزشگاه حرفه ای
A school, especially one on a secondary level, that offers instruction and practical introductory experience in skilled trades such as mechanics, carpentry, plumbing, and construction.
vocational school
کارگر روزمزد
Journey man
نجاری
Carpentry
روکش (چوب)
veneer /vəˈnɪr/ قابل شمارش
Veneers were used only to mask carpentry mistakes.
شاگردی، دوره کارآموزی
apprenticeship /əˈprɛntəˌsʃɪp/
He had served his apprenticeship as a plumber.
او کارآموزیاش را بهعنوان لولهکش گذرانده بود.
She was in the second year of her apprenticeship as a carpenter.
او در دومین سال کارآموزیاش بهعنوان نجار بود.
بنایی، سنگ کاری
masonry /ˈmeɪsənri/ غیرقابل شمارش
He acquired a knowledge of carpentry and masonry.
او دانش نجاری و بنایی کسب کرد.
the bricks or stone from which a building, wall etc has been made
masonry /ˈmeɪsənri/ غیرقابل شمارش
She was injured by falling masonry.
او به وسیله یک سازه بنایی در حال سقوط آسیب دید.
آجرچین
bricklayer
to separate an area from a larger area by building a wall of bricks
brick something off :
Some of the rooms had been bricked off.
to fill or close a space by building a wall of bricks in it
brick something up/in :
The windows were bricked up.
ردیف آجر - رج
course of bricks
They put an extra course of bricks round the pool.
آجرچینی کردن
to lay bricks
دودکش
chimney
The chimney was made of bricks
سیمکشی کردن
do the wiring
تخته زیر سری
mudsill
We need timber to make mudsills.
تخته بندی، چوب فرش
wood that has been cut into planks, especially when it is used to make a floor, bridge, or fence
planking /ˈplæŋkɪŋ/ noun [uncountable]
داربست بندی
scaffolding
The ground is too soft for the scaffolding.
Scaffolding has been erected around the tower and repair work will start next week.
داربست اطراف برج برپا شده است و کار تعمیر هفته آینده شروع خواهد شد.
سرکارگر
foreman
He spoke as though he were a rich landowner instead of just the foreman of a modest building firm.
Her father is a retired mining foreman
تهویه
ventilation /ˌventɪˈleɪʃn/ غیرقابل شمارش
تهویه
ventilation /ˌventɪˈleɪʃn/ غیرقابل شمارش
Inspectors checked that there was adequate ventilation.
The windows at the back are blocked up, so there is no through ventilation.
هواکش
vent /vɛnt/ قابل شمارش
a blocked air vent
If you have a gas fire in a room, you should have some kind of outside vent.
اگر در اتاقی شومینه دارید، باید نوعی دریچه بیرونی داشته باشید.
صندوق مشبک
crate
They stacked the crates in the corner of the yard.
تسمه اتصال - آویز
sling
قلاب
hook
میلگرد عاجدار
rebar
الوار تیر چوبی
timber
الوار تیر چوبی
timber
Our timber comes in a range of standard sizes, but can also be made to order
اهرم دسته، دیلم
lever /ˈlɛvər/ قابل شمارش
Pull this lever to open the gate
وزنه تعادل
counterweight
There’s a counterweight behind the cab.
دکل
mast
The operator sits in a cab near the top of the mast
بازوی جرثقیل یا بیل مکانیکی
jib
The load is on the other side of the jib.
boom
The operator extends or retracts (تو بردن و جمع کردن)the boom
با جرثقیل کابلی بالا کشیدن
to winch
پایه جرثقیل
outrigger /aʊtɹˈɪɡɚ/
Both cranes use stabilizers or outrigger and counterweights to maintain stability.
سیلندر استوانه ای
drum
portable mixers have a small drum which rotates
کانال دفع شوت (زباله و رخت)
chute /ʃut/ قابل شمارش
The chute man pours the concrete down the chute, or uses a pump to get the concrete to difficult locations.
قیف
funnel /ˈfʌnl/
عایق کاری یا عایق بندی
insulation /ˌɪnsjəˈleɪʃən, ˌɪnsjʊˈleɪʃən $ ˌɪnsə-/
Blankets provided insulation against the cold
We specialize in acoustic, thermal and fire protection insulation for walls and floors
Cavity wall insulation goes between the inner and outer walls
تخته چند لا
plywood /ˈplaɪwʊd/ noun [uncountable]
This method will make the floor covering plywood into one extra-thick unit, able to control that shaking
تخته نئوپان
chipboard
کابل 3 رشته ای
three-core cable
نوار آب بند
insulating tape
Do you have a spare roll of insulating tape in your toolbox?
سیم سیار
extension cable
I need 15 meters of extension cable
دوشاخه
plug
The plug on my iron needs changing.
an electric plug
socket
outlet
تخته گچی مخصوص نصب به دیوار
board made of large sheets of thick paper held together with plaster, used to cover walls and ceilings inside a house
plasterboard /ˈplæstərbɔːrd/ غیرقابل شمارش
He could hear his father snoring through the thin plasterboard
drywall
نوار نمدی (برای هوابندی)
felt tape/strip
Felt tape is used for pipes.
لوله کشی کاورشده با اسفنج
foam tubing
Foam tubing is used to insulate pipes
بست دیواری
wall tie
Wall ties are used to hold the inner and outer walls together
عایق بندی حرارتی
thermal insulation
Solid wall insulation is used to provide thermal insulation
پشم کانی، پشم معدنی
An inorganic fibrous substance that is produced by steam blasting and cooling molten glass or a similar substance and is used as an insulator and a filtering material.
mineral wool
rock wool.
بتن خشک شده/خیس
solid/liquid concrete
The concrete on the first floor is solid,but on the second one is still liquid
رنگ خشک شده/تازه
dried/wet paint
مصالح سنگی درشت دانه/ریزدانه
coarse/fine aggregate
لوله کشی آب
water pipe installation
نقشه کارگاهی
drawing
He coordinates construction drawings and specifications from different subcontractors
تاخیر
delay
Bad weather often causes long delays on construction sites
خاک انداز، پارو، کج بیل
Shovel
چدن
cast iron
الحاقیه
extension
They’re building an extension to their house
اتاق زیرشیروانی
attic /ˈætɪk/
Her photography studio was a converted attic.
I’ve got boxes of old clothes in the attic, which I really should throw out.
an attic bedroom at the top of the house
نشست کردن
subside /səbˈsaɪd/
After the heavy rains, part of the road subsided.
construct or arrange buildings or gardens according to a plan.
to lay out
“they proceeded to lay out a new town”
خوردگی پوسیدگی، زنگ زدگی
corrosion
خورده شدن زنگ زدن، پوسیدن
corrode /kəˈroʊd/
Iron objects corrode rapidly in damp conditions.
اشیایی آهنی در شرایط (آبوهوایی) مرطوب، به سرعت زنگ میزنند.
بازسازی کردن
rehabilitate
The old house was rehabilitated at enormous expense.
خانه قدیمی با هزینه گزافی بازسازی شد.
This wing of the house must be rehabilitated promptly, as there is a danger it will collapse.*
این بخش خانه باید سریعا بازسازی شود، زیرا خطر ریزش آن وجود دارد.
بار را تحمل کردن
to bear weight
The weight of the bridge is borne by steel beams.
وزن پل توسط تیرچههای فولادی تحمل میشود.
تحتالارضی زیرزمینی
subterranean /ˌsʌbtəˈreɪniən/
a subterranean cave یک غار زیرزمینی
خالجوش
spot weld /spˈɑːt wˈɛld/ قابل شمارش
قرنیز
baseboard /ˈbeɪsbɔːrd/ قابل شمارش
In architecture, a baseboard is a usually wooden board covering the lowest part of a wall.
در معماری، قرنیز معمولا به تخته چوبی باریکی گفته می شود که انتهای دیوار را می پوشاند.
پنجره ی روبه بام (مانند پنجره ی پاسیو)
پنجره سقفی
نورگیر
skylight
The skylight will provide good illumination from above.
A square of light shone from the skylight.
Putting in a skylight made the attic seem big and bright
A skylight had been let into the roof.
شانه جاده
شانه خاکی
lay-by /lˈeɪbˈaɪ/ قابل شمارش
We pulled into a lay-by to look at the map.
ما در شانه خاکی توقف کردیم تا به نقشه نگاهی بیندازیم.