Lee Flashcards
What does Piaget suggest about children’s understanding of intentions until age 11?
Children do not begin to consider the intentions that motivate behavior.
How many levels of moral reasoning does Kohlberg suggest exist?
Three levels of moral reasoning.
How many stages are there in Kohlberg’s moral reasoning development?
Six stages.
Does Kohlberg believe the development of moral reasoning stages is the same in all cultures?
Yes, he suggests it is the same in all cultures.
What does Sweetser (1987) argue influences the understanding of lying?
Cultural norms and moral values in which individuals are socialized.
What is the focus of the study comparing Chinese and Canadian children?
Moral evaluations of lying and truth telling
What types of behavior are involved in the situations being studied?
Pro-social and anti-social behavior
What was the method of Lee’s study?
Cross cultural research - A quasi experiment having and Independant design
How many Chinese students were in the sample?
120 Chinese students
What are the age groups of the Chinese students in the sample?
40 7-year-olds, 40 9-year-olds, and 40 11-year-olds
What is the average age of the 7-year-old Chinese students?
7.5 years
How many male and female 7-year-olds were in the Chinese sample?
20 male and 20 female
What is the average age of the 9-year-old Chinese students?
9.4 years
How many male and female 9-year-olds were in the Chinese sample?
20 male and 20 female
What is the average age of the 11-year-old Chinese students?
11.3 years
How many male and female 11-year-olds were in the Chinese sample?
20 male and 20 female
Where were the Chinese students recruited from?
Elementary schools in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
How many Canadian children were in the sample?
108 Canadian children
What are the age groups of the Canadian children in the sample?
36 7-year-olds, 40 9-year-olds, and 32 11-year-olds
What is the average age of the 7-year-old Canadian children?
7.4 years
How many male and female 7-year-olds were in the Canadian sample?
20 male and 16 female
What is the average age of the 9-year-old Canadian children?
9.6 years
How many male and female 9-year-olds were in the Canadian sample?
24 male and 16 female
What is the average age of the 11-year-old Canadian children?
11.5 years
How many male and female 11-year-olds were in the Canadian sample?
14 male and 18 female
Where were the Canadian children recruited from?
Elementary schools in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
What age group of children was involved in the procedure?
9 and 11-year-old children
What nationalities were the children in the study?
Chinese and Canadian
How many short stories were presented to the children?
4 short stories
How many stories involved a child intentionally carrying out a good deed?
2 stories
How many stories involved a child intentionally carrying out a bad deed?
2 stories
What were the two conditions under which the stories were presented?
Social story condition and physical story condition
In the social story condition, what did the stories depict?
A child conducting a deed directly affecting another child
In the physical story condition, what did the stories depict?
A child carrying out a deed involving only physical objects
What is an example of a physical story that involves a lie in a pro-social setting?
Alex’s class had to stay inside at recess because of bad weather, so Alex decided to tidy up the classroom for his teacher.
What did the teacher say when she returned after recess?
The teacher said, ‘Oh, I see that someone has cleaned the classroom for me.’
What question did the teacher ask Alex?
The teacher asked Alex, ‘Do you know who cleaned the classroom?’
What did Alex say in response to the teacher’s question?
Alex said to his teacher, ‘I did not do it.’
How were children asked to rate both the story characters’ good deed and verbal statements?
Children were asked to rate them as ‘naughty’ or ‘good.’
How did Chinese children rate truth telling in pro-social settings compared to Canadian children?
Chinese children rated truth telling less positively than Canadian children.
How did Chinese children rate lie telling in pro-social settings compared to Canadian children?
Chinese children rated lie telling more positively than Canadian children.
What cultural emphasis affects Chinese children’s evaluation of lying in pro-social situations?
The emphasis on modesty in Chinese culture.
How did both Chinese and Canadian children rate truth telling in antisocial situations?
Both rated truth telling positively.
How did both Chinese and Canadian children rate lie telling in antisocial situations?
Both rated lie telling negatively.
What do the ratings of truth telling and lie telling in antisocial situations reflect in both cultures?
The emphasis on the distinction between misdeed and truth/lie telling.
What do the findings suggest about the relationship between socio-cultural practice and moral judgement?
A close relationship exists between socio-cultural practice and moral judgement in the realm of lying and truth telling.
How do specific social and cultural norms affect children’s moral judgements?
Specific social and cultural norms have an impact on children’s developing moral judgements.
What factors modify children’s moral judgements in a particular culture?
Children’s moral judgements are modified by age and experience in a particular culture.
