Lee

Question 1

What does Piaget suggest about children’s understanding of intentions until age 11?

Answer 1

Children do not begin to consider the intentions that motivate behavior.

Question 2

How many levels of moral reasoning does Kohlberg suggest exist?

Answer 2

Three levels of moral reasoning.

Question 3

How many stages are there in Kohlberg’s moral reasoning development?

Answer 3

Six stages.

Question 4

Does Kohlberg believe the development of moral reasoning stages is the same in all cultures?

Answer 4

Yes, he suggests it is the same in all cultures.

Question 5

What does Sweetser (1987) argue influences the understanding of lying?

Answer 5

Cultural norms and moral values in which individuals are socialized.

Question 6

What is the focus of the study comparing Chinese and Canadian children?

Answer 6

Moral evaluations of lying and truth telling

Question 7

What types of behavior are involved in the situations being studied?

Answer 7

Pro-social and anti-social behavior

Question 8

What was the method of Lee’s study?

Answer 8

Cross cultural research - A quasi experiment having and Independant design

Question 9

How many Chinese students were in the sample?

Answer 9

120 Chinese students

Question 10

What are the age groups of the Chinese students in the sample?

Answer 10

40 7-year-olds, 40 9-year-olds, and 40 11-year-olds

Question 11

What is the average age of the 7-year-old Chinese students?

Answer 11

7.5 years

Question 12

How many male and female 7-year-olds were in the Chinese sample?

Answer 12

20 male and 20 female

Question 13

What is the average age of the 9-year-old Chinese students?

Answer 13

9.4 years

Question 14

How many male and female 9-year-olds were in the Chinese sample?

Answer 14

20 male and 20 female

Question 15

What is the average age of the 11-year-old Chinese students?

Answer 15

11.3 years

Question 16

How many male and female 11-year-olds were in the Chinese sample?

Answer 16

20 male and 20 female

Question 17

Where were the Chinese students recruited from?

Answer 17

Elementary schools in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

Question 18

How many Canadian children were in the sample?

Answer 18

108 Canadian children

Question 19

What are the age groups of the Canadian children in the sample?

Answer 19

36 7-year-olds, 40 9-year-olds, and 32 11-year-olds

Question 20

What is the average age of the 7-year-old Canadian children?

Answer 20

7.4 years

Question 21

How many male and female 7-year-olds were in the Canadian sample?

Answer 21

20 male and 16 female

Question 22

What is the average age of the 9-year-old Canadian children?

Answer 22

9.6 years

Question 23

How many male and female 9-year-olds were in the Canadian sample?

Answer 23

24 male and 16 female

Question 24

What is the average age of the 11-year-old Canadian children?

Answer 24

11.5 years

Question 25

How many male and female 11-year-olds were in the Canadian sample?

Answer 25

14 male and 18 female

Question 26

Where were the Canadian children recruited from?

Answer 26

Elementary schools in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada

Question 27

What age group of children was involved in the procedure?

Answer 27

9 and 11-year-old children

Question 28

What nationalities were the children in the study?

Answer 28

Chinese and Canadian

Question 29

How many short stories were presented to the children?

Answer 29

4 short stories

Question 30

How many stories involved a child intentionally carrying out a good deed?

Answer 30

2 stories

Question 31

How many stories involved a child intentionally carrying out a bad deed?

Answer 31

2 stories

Question 32

What were the two conditions under which the stories were presented?

Answer 32

Social story condition and physical story condition

Question 33

In the social story condition, what did the stories depict?

Answer 33

A child conducting a deed directly affecting another child

Question 34

In the physical story condition, what did the stories depict?

Answer 34

A child carrying out a deed involving only physical objects

Question 35

What is an example of a physical story that involves a lie in a pro-social setting?

Answer 35

Alex's class had to stay inside at recess because of bad weather, so Alex decided to tidy up the classroom for his teacher.

Question 36

What did the teacher say when she returned after recess?

Answer 36

The teacher said, 'Oh, I see that someone has cleaned the classroom for me.'

Question 37

What question did the teacher ask Alex?

Answer 37

The teacher asked Alex, 'Do you know who cleaned the classroom?'

Question 38

What did Alex say in response to the teacher's question?

Answer 38

Alex said to his teacher, 'I did not do it.'

Question 39

How were children asked to rate both the story characters' good deed and verbal statements?

Answer 39

Children were asked to rate them as 'naughty' or 'good.'

Question 40

How did Chinese children rate truth telling in pro-social settings compared to Canadian children?

Answer 40

Chinese children rated truth telling less positively than Canadian children.

Question 41

How did Chinese children rate lie telling in pro-social settings compared to Canadian children?

Answer 41

Chinese children rated lie telling more positively than Canadian children.

Question 42

What cultural emphasis affects Chinese children's evaluation of lying in pro-social situations?

Answer 42

The emphasis on modesty in Chinese culture.

Question 43

How did both Chinese and Canadian children rate truth telling in antisocial situations?

Answer 43

Both rated truth telling positively.

Question 44

How did both Chinese and Canadian children rate lie telling in antisocial situations?

Answer 44

Both rated lie telling negatively.

Question 45

What do the ratings of truth telling and lie telling in antisocial situations reflect in both cultures?

Answer 45

The emphasis on the distinction between misdeed and truth/lie telling.

Question 46

What do the findings suggest about the relationship between socio-cultural practice and moral judgement?

Answer 46

A close relationship exists between socio-cultural practice and moral judgement in the realm of lying and truth telling.

Question 47

How do specific social and cultural norms affect children's moral judgements?

Answer 47

Specific social and cultural norms have an impact on children's developing moral judgements.

Question 48

What factors modify children's moral judgements in a particular culture?

Answer 48

Children's moral judgements are modified by age and experience in a particular culture.