Bandura Flashcards
What do behaviourists believe about behaviour?
Behaviourists believe that all behaviour can be explained in terms of what people learn by associating a stimulus (S) with a response (R).
What did Bandura suggest about cognitive activity and learning?
Bandura believed that cognitive activity contributes to learning.
How do animals and humans learn according to Bandura?
Animals and humans learn through direct and indirect experience.
What is one way children and adults learn according to Bandura?
Children and adults learn by observing the behaviour of others and imitating some of these behaviours.
Can aggressive behaviour be learnt through imitation?
Yes, aggressive behaviour can be learnt through imitation.
Do observers imitate specific aggressive acts they have seen?
Yes, observers can imitate specific aggressive acts they have seen.
Do observers become more aggressive after witnessing aggression?
Yes, observers can become more aggressive after witnessing aggression.
What was the method of this study?
A field experiment having a matched participants design
What is the sample size of the study?
72 children
What is the gender distribution of the sample?
36 boys and 36 girls
What is the age range of the children in the sample?
Aged between 3-5 years old
What was the mean age of the children in the sample?
4 1/2 years old
How many adult models were involved in the study?
Two adult models (one male and one female)
Who was the additional adult present in the study?
A female experimenter
Where were the children from?
A university nursery school (Stanford)
What was the purpose of the observations conducted by the experimenters?
To ensure that each group contained equally aggressive children.
What factors were rated to determine a child’s aggression score?
Physical aggression, verbal aggression, aggression towards inanimate objects, and aggressive inhibition.
What was included in the room where the children were taken for the experiment?
Toys including a 5-foot inflatable bobo doll and a mallet.
What was the non-aggressive condition in the experiment?
The model played with the toys in a quiet manner.
What actions did the model take in the aggressive condition?
The model sat on Bobo, punched Bobo on the nose, hit Bobo on the head with the mallet, and threw Bobo in the air.
What comments did the model make during the aggressive condition?
Comments such as ‘pow’ and ‘he sure is a tough fellow’.
What was the control group in the experiment?
The children were not exposed to a model.
What is Phase 2 of the procedure?
The arousal phase.
What was the purpose of taking children to a room with attractive toys in Phase 2?
To prevent children in the non-aggressive condition from playing with the toys, ensuring they had reason to behave aggressively.
What was included in the room during Phase 3 tests for imitation?
Aggressive toys (e.g., mallet and dart gun), non-aggressive toys (e.g., dolls and farm animals), and a 3-foot Bobo doll.
How long did the children play in the room during Phase 3?
20 minutes.
What method did observers use to record children’s behavior during the experiment?
Time sampling observation every 5 seconds.
What were the measures used to record children’s behavior?
1 - imitation of physical aggression, 2 - imitative verbal aggression, 3 - imitative non-aggressive verbal responses, 4 - non-imitative physical and verbal aggression.
What did children in the aggressive condition imitate?
Children in the aggressive condition imitated many of the models’ physical and verbal behaviours, both aggressive and non-aggressive.
How did children in the non-aggressive condition behave?
Children in the non-aggressive condition displayed very few aggressive behaviours.
Which group displayed more non-imitative aggression?
The aggressive group displayed much more non-imitative aggression than the non-aggressive group.
What type of play did children in the non-aggression condition engage in more?
Children in the non-aggression condition spent more time playing non-aggressively.
How did boys and girls differ in imitating physical aggression?
Boys imitated more physical aggression than girls.
How did boys and girls differ in imitating verbal aggression?
Girls imitated more verbal aggression than boys.
What is the ‘same sex model effect’?
Boys were more aggressive if they watched a male model, while girls were more affected by a female model.
How can children learn aggressive behavior?
By observing adults behaving aggressively.
Can learning occur without classical or operant conditioning?
Yes, children can imitate behavior in the absence of rewards.
