Kohlberg Flashcards
Whose stages of cognitive development is Kohlberg’s theory of moral development based on?
Jean Piaget
What are the three levels of moral reasoning proposed by Kohlberg?
Pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional morality
How many stages are there in each level of Kohlberg’s moral reasoning?
Two separate stages
What was the research question of Kohlberg’s research?
Can changes in the development of moral reasoning be measured?
What was the method of Kohlberg’s research?
Longitudinal research using self report.
How many boys from Chicago were followed in the study?
75 boys
Over how many years were the boys from Chicago followed?
12 years
At what intervals were the boys from Chicago assessed?
3-year intervals
What was the age range of the boys from Chicago at the start of the study?
10-16 years old
To what ages were the boys from Chicago followed?
22-28 years old
Which other countries were included in the study besides the USA?
Great Britain, Canada, Taiwan, Mexico, and Turkey
What are the three levels of moral reasoning?
Pre-conventional, Conventional, Post-conventional
What characterizes Stage 1 of the Pre-conventional level?
Goodness or badness is determined by consequences; an act is not bad if one can get away with it.
What characterizes Stage 2 of the Pre-conventional level?
Children conform to rules to gain rewards and do nice things for others if they think it will benefit them.
What is the focus of Stage 3 in the Conventional level?
Children obey rules to gain praise, often referred to as the ‘good girl/good boy’ stage.
What is the focus of Stage 4 in the Conventional level?
The idea that rules should be obeyed because social order and laws are very important.
What characterizes Stage 5 of the Post-conventional level?
Moral actions express the will of the majority and maximize social welfare (democracy).
What is Stage 6 in the Post-conventional level called?
Universal ethical principles, marked by self-determined moral principles based on universal justice and respect for human rights.
What is the main focus of the procedure described?
Measuring moral reasoning.
What is the moral dilemma presented in the scenario involving Heinz?
Heinz’s wife is dying, and he needs a drug that he cannot afford.
What did Heinz offer the chemist in exchange for the drug?
He asked if he could have the drug cheaper or pay the rest of the money later.
What was the chemist’s response to Heinz’s request?
The chemist refused to lower the price or allow deferred payment.
What desperate action did Heinz take to obtain the drug?
He broke into the chemist’s and stole the drug.
What was one of the questions asked in Kohlberg’s Study?
Should Heinz have stolen the drug?
