IMH Topic 3 - Alternatives to the medical model Flashcards
What is the behaviorist explanation for phobias using classical conditioning?
Learned association between a neutral stimulus and a fear response
What study exemplifies classical conditioning in phobias?
Watson & Raynor’s Little Albert study
How does operant conditioning explain phobias?
Avoidance of feared stimulus is negatively reinforced by reduced fear
How does social learning theory explain phobias?
Phobias are learned through observing and imitating others
What is the main assumption of the cognitive explanation for mental disorders?
Faulty thinking patterns
What is the negative cognitive triad?
Negative views about the world
Who proposed the negative cognitive triad?
Aaron Beck
What are overgeneralizations in cognitive distortions?
Drawing broad negative conclusions from single events
Who proposed the idea of faulty cognitions?
Albert Ellis
What do humanistic explanations emphasize?
Uniqueness of humans and self-actualization
Who proposed the hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
What is a key assumption of humanistic explanations?
Freewill
What is the goal of systematic desensitization?
To replace negative associations with positive ones
What type of conditioning is used in systematic desensitization?
Classical conditioning
What is flooding?
Direct exposure to the feared object
What are the potential drawbacks of flooding?
Can cause panic and reinforce the phobia
What is the goal of rational emotive therapy?
To identify and change irrational beliefs
What are the components of the ABCDE model in rational emotive therapy?
Activating event
What is the focus of client-centered therapy?
Patient-led therapy with therapist as facilitator
How does the behaviorist approach align with psychology as a science?
It is scientific with causal links between event and outcome
How does the cognitive approach align with psychology as a science?
Less scientific
How does the humanistic approach align with psychology as a science?
Unscientific
Is the behaviorist approach reductionist or holistic?
Reductionist
Is the cognitive approach reductionist or holistic?
Reductionist
Is the humanistic approach reductionist or holistic?
Holistic
Is the behaviorist approach deterministic or based on freewill?
Deterministic
Is the cognitive approach deterministic or based on freewill?
Deterministic
Is the humanistic approach deterministic or based on freewill?
Freewill
What are the ethical considerations of behaviorist treatments?
Patient consent and withdrawal
What are the ethical considerations of cognitive treatments?
Patient consent and withdrawal
What are the ethical considerations of flooding?
Potential to worsen phobia and cause extreme reactions
What is the usefulness of behaviorist treatments?
Long-term solutions
What is the usefulness of cognitive treatments?
Patient choice
What is the usefulness of humanistic treatments?
Open environment
What are the limitations of behaviorist treatments?
Potential to worsen phobia
What are the limitations of cognitive treatments?
Can cause distress
What was the aim of Szasz’s essay ‘The Myth of Mental Illness’?
To critique the medicalization and politicization of mental illness
What did Szasz argue about mental illness?
It is a metaphor or myth
How does Szasz view the role of psychiatrists?
As having excessive power
What are the key points of Szasz’s critique?
Rejects medical paradigm
How does Szasz’s essay align with reductionism or holism?
Holistic
What is the usefulness of Szasz’s work?
Influential in empowering patients
What are the ethnocentrism considerations of Szasz’s work?
Focus on American healthcare
What are the social sensitivity considerations of Szasz’s work?
Potential distress for those with mental illness
