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Psyc 332 > Lectures Aug 30 & Sept 6 > Flashcards

Lectures Aug 30 & Sept 6 Flashcards

1
Q

personality dictionary definitions

A
  1. STATE of being a person
  2. CHARACTERISTICS and QUALITIES that form a person’s DISTINCTIVE character
  3. sum total of a person’s PHYSICAL, MENTAL, EMOTIONAL and SOCIAL characteristics
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2
Q

person and situation

A

both the situation and the person contribute to behaviour

individual’s personality determines:

a) how different they are from others

b) how they behave in different situations

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3
Q

“the personality”

A

consistent BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS and INTRAPERSONAL PROCESSES originating within the individual

  1. consistent patterns of behaviour
    - to an extent, individual behaviour is consistent across time and situations
  2. intrapersonal processes
    - emotional, motivational, cognitive processes that influences individual’s feelings and actions
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4
Q

“the personality”: consistent patterns of behaviour

A

to an extent

individual behaviour is consistent across time and situations

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5
Q

“the personality”: intrapersonal processes

A
  1. emotional
  2. motivational
  3. cognitive processes

that influences individual’s feelings and actions

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6
Q

psychological definition of personality

A

UNIQUE and RELATIVELY ENDURING

INTERNAL and EXTERNAL aspects of a person’s character

influence behaviour in diff situations

description is complex: humans change according to different situations and people

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7
Q

APA definition of personality

A

“the enduring configuration of CHARACTERISTICS and BEHAVIOUR that comprises an individual’s unique ADJUSTMENT TO LIFE….

including major traits, interests, values, self-concept, abilities and emotional patterns”

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8
Q

personality is generally viewed as a complex _________ ___________ or _________, shaped by many __________…

A

DYNAMIC INTEGRATION or TOTALITY

shaped by MANY FORCES

including HEREDITARY and CONSTITUTIONAL tendencies

physical maturation

early training

identification with significant individuals and groups

culturally conditioned values/roles

critical experiences and relationships

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9
Q

breaking down the definition of personality

A

V-TIDAS

  1. values
  2. traits
  3. interests
  4. drive
  5. ability
  6. self-concept
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10
Q

breaking down the definition of personality: VALUES

A

a moral principal for what is considered GOOD or BAD

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11
Q

breaking down the definition of personality: TRAITS

A

personality characteristics that determine a person’s behaviour

or by which it can be explained

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12
Q

breaking down the definition of personality: DRIVE

A

ready state of action

motivates a person to attain a goal

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13
Q

breaking down the definition of personality: INTERESTS

A

something that’s significant to the individual

or that arouses individual’s attention

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14
Q

breaking down the definition of personality: ABILITY

A

what someone is capable of doing

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15
Q

breaking down the definition of personality: SELF-CONCEPT

A

one’s description of oneself

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16
Q

McRae and Costa’s Five Factor Model

A

big five personality dimensions - can be low or high on each one

OCEAN

  1. openness to experience
  2. conscientiousness
  3. extraversion
  4. agreeableness
  5. openness to experience
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17
Q

sales performance: five factor model

A

conscientiousness & openness = good for sales

agreeableness = bad for sales

extraversion & neuroticism = significant relationship

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18
Q

five factor model: extraversion

A

low:
- quiet, withdrawn, unassertive

high:
- outgoing, energetic, gregarious

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19
Q

five factor model: conscientiousness

A

low:
- impulsive, carefree

high:
- responsible, dependable, goal-oriented

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20
Q

five factor model: openness to experience

A

low:
- narrow field of interests, likes the tried-and-true

high:
- imaginative, curious, open to new ideas

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21
Q

five factor model: agreeableness

A

low:
- aloof, easily irritated

high:
- warm, considerate, good-natured

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22
Q

five factor model: emotional stability

A

low:
- moody, tense, lower self-confidence

high:
- stable, confident

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23
Q

social media

A

people generally present themselves as they are

social media presentations at least as accurate as face-to-face

German study shows that people show themselves as more EMOTIONALLY STABLE

introverted, neurotic, lonely, socially awkward people may find it EASIER TO EXPRESS TRUE SELVES

24
Q

excessive time on social media associated with…

A

anxiety and depression

correlation, not cause and effect

perceived isolation, self-esteem, less healthy activity, disrupted concentration, sleep deprivation & depression

25
Q

excessive time on social media is linked to depression for…

A

those high in NEUROTICISM

but not for those high in agreeableness

26
Q

6 approaches to personality

A
  1. psychoanalytic
  2. trait
  3. biological
  4. humanistic
  5. behaviour/social learning
  6. cognitive
27
Q

psychoanalytic approach

A

argues people’s unconscious minds are largely responsible for important differences in their behaviour styles

28
Q

trait approach

A

identify where a person lies along continuum of various personality characteristics

29
Q

biological approach

A

point to INHERITED PREDISPOSITIONS and PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES to explain individuals differences in personality

30
Q

humanistic approach

A

identify PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY and feelings of SELF ACCEPTANCE as key causes of diffs in personality

31
Q

behavioural/social learning approach

A

explain consistent behaviour patterns as result of CONDITIONING and EXPECTATIONS

32
Q

cognitive approach

A

look at differences in the way people PROCESS INFORMATION to explain differences in behaviour

33
Q

Eysenck: took what approach to personality and what did he argue?

A

biological approach

Eysenck’s Arousal Hypothesis

argued that INTROVERTS have HIGH CORTICAL AROUSAL

leads them to AVOID STIMULATION

argued that EXTROVERTS have LOW CORTICAL AROUSAL

causes them to seek out STIMULATING EXPERIENCES

34
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs falls under what approach?

A

humanistic

35
Q

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

from bottom to top:

  1. physiological needs
    - air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing
  2. safety needs
    - personal security, employment, resources, health, property
  3. love and belonging
    - friendship, intimacy, family, sense of connection
  4. esteem
    - respect, self-esteem, status, recognition, strength, freedom
  5. self-actualization
    - desire to become the most that one can be
36
Q

sensation seeking

A

reward deficiency syndrome

sensation seekers (because of their low inherited D2 receptors) are CONSTANTLY MOTIVATED by search for more intense sources of REWARDS

37
Q

who proposed sensation seeking?

A

pharmacologist Kenneth Blum

in the 1990s

38
Q

high sensation seekers are more prone to…

A

having problems with:

  1. self control
  2. drug abuse
  3. risky sexual behaviour
  4. aggressive behaviour
39
Q

links between Five Factor Model and Maslow’s Needs

A
  1. extraversion: esteem
  2. agreeableness: belonging
  3. conscientiousness: self-actualization (awareness of talents and potential)
  4. openness: self-actualization
  5. neuroticism: negatively correlated with all of Maslow’s needs (but strongest association for esteem)
40
Q

Eysenck’s arousal hypothesis

A

extraverts have low arousability of cortex

arousal level is related to HEDONIC TONE - pleasant vs unpleasant

low arousal = unpleasant experience

in order to get rid of unpleasant experience, extroverts seek situations that may increase their arousal

by engaging in extroverted behaviours

41
Q

affective neuroscience theory

A

aka Primary Emotional Systems

BIOLOGICAL and COGNITIVE approach

contends that personality is due to DIFFERENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS of BRAIN SYSTEMS between people

dimensions of personality are related to BRAIN AREAS and NT systems

we are different because we differ in our INHERITED ACTIVITY LEVELS IN DIFF BRAIN AREAS

42
Q

who is responsible for affective neuroscience theory

A

Jaak Panksepp

43
Q

affective neuroscience theory: affective prototypes

A
  1. generalized motivational arousal - SEEKING
  2. affective attack - RAGE
  3. FEAR
  4. sexuality - LUST
  5. nurturance/maternal - CARE
  6. separation distress/social bonding - PANIC
  7. social joy & affection - PLAY

all of these are dimensions of personality, and they’re related to brain areas and NT systems

44
Q

graph: asking people which of Maslow’s Needs are most important

A

many people voted SELF-ACTUALIZATION as the least important

whereas BELONGING was rated very important

45
Q

linking Five Factors with Panksepp’s Affective Neuroscience Theory and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: OPENNESS…

A

maslow: self-actualization

panksepp: SEEKING

46
Q

linking Five Factors with Panksepp’s Affective Neuroscience Theory and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: CONSCIENTIOUSNESS…

A

maslow: self-actualization

panksepp: NO ROBUST ASSOCIATION WITH A PRIMARY EMOTIONAL SYSTEM

47
Q

linking Five Factors with Panksepp’s Affective Neuroscience Theory and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: EXTRAVERSION…

A

maslow: love/belonging

panksepp: PLAY

48
Q

linking Five Factors with Panksepp’s Affective Neuroscience Theory and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: AGREEABLENESS…

A

maslow: love/belonging

panksepp: HIGH CARE & LOW ANGER

49
Q

linking Five Factors with Panksepp’s Affective Neuroscience Theory and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: NEUROTICISM…

A

maslow: safety

panksepp: HIGH SADNESS & HIGH FEAR & HIGH ANGER

50
Q

affective neuroscience theory started by

A

Panksepp

51
Q

affective neuroscience theory aka

A

primary emotional systems

52
Q

what kind of approach is affective neuroscience theory?

A

biological and cognitive

53
Q

affective neuroscience theory contends that…

A

personality is due to DIFFERENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS

of BRAIN SYSTEMS between people

54
Q

affective neuroscience theory: dimensions of personality are related to…

A

brain areas

neurotransmitter systems

55
Q

affective neuroscience theory: why are we different?

A

because we differ in our INHERITED ACTIVITY LEVELS in diff brain areas

Psyc 332 (19 decks)

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