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Psyc 332 > Lecture Sept 13 > Flashcards

Lecture Sept 13 Flashcards

1
Q

humanistic approach’s explanation of aggression

A

people are basically good

aggression arises when something INTERFERES WITH NATURAL GROWTH PROCESS

  1. basic needs aren’t met
  2. poor self-image
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2
Q

behavioural/social learning approach’s explanation of aggression

A

people LEARN to be aggressive

through aggressive behaviour being REWARDED

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3
Q

cognitive approach’s explanation of aggression

A

certain CUES in the environment trigger NETWORK of aggressive thoughts and emotions

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4
Q

psychoanalytic approach’s explanation of depression

A

depression results from HOLDING UNCONSCIOUS feelings of ANGER and HOSTILITY

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5
Q

trait approach’s explanation of depression

A

focuses on identifying DEPRESSION-PRONE INDIVIDUALS

person’s general emotional levels at present can indicate that person’s emotions in the future

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6
Q

personality and culture

A

cultural context influences PERSONALITY

cultural context influences INTERPRETATION of an individual’s BEHAVIOUR

individualistic versus collectivist cultures

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7
Q

individuals in collectivist cultures

A
  1. individuals integrated into STRONG COHESIVE GROUPS
  2. self is viewed as INTERDEPENDENT with groups
  3. GROUP GOALS take precedence over individual goals
  4. people emphasize RELATEDNESS with groups
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8
Q

individuals in individualistic cultures

A
  1. individuals look after THEMSELVES and/or their IMMEDIATE families
  2. self is viewed as INDEPENDENT from groups
  3. INDIVIDUAL goals take precedence over group goals
  4. ATTITUDES and PERSONAL NEEDS are important determinants of behaviour
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9
Q

evaluation of personality is used for…

A

diagnosis, counselling, research, education

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10
Q

2 principles of measurement

A

reliability

validity

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11
Q

reliability

A

consistency of response to a psychological assessment device

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12
Q

validity

A

extent to which an assessment device measures what it’s intended to measure

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13
Q

self report inventories

A

people answer questions about their behaviours and feelings

ie. MMPI

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13
Q

MMPI

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

objective personality measure

has multiple scales with many measurement items

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14
Q

examples of MMPI scales

A

hypochondriasis

depression

hysteria

psychopathic deviate

masculinity/femininity

paranoia

schizophrenia

social introversion

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15
Q

the dark triad/the dirty dozen scale

A

Likert scale - strongly agree to strongly disagree

items 1-4 assess MACHIAVELLIANISM

items 5-8 assess PSYCHOPATHY

items 9-12 assess NARCISSISM

16
Q

the dark triad of personality

A

machiavellianism, psychopathy and narcissism

17
Q

short dark triad

A

same idea as the dark triad, just shorter

18
Q

subclinical meaning

A

you have some of the traits of a psychological disorder

but you don’t meet the full criteria

ie. people can be high on certain traits but not have a personality disorder

19
Q

international personality item pool

A

assesses the Big Five

scoring system:
0 = not at all accurate
1 = a little accurate
2 = moderately accurate
3 = quite a bit accurate
4 = extremely accurate

20
Q

advantages of online test administration

A
  1. less time consuming & expensive
  2. objective scoring
  3. accepted by younger employees
  4. prevents test takers from looking ahead at questions and changing their answers
21
Q

4 projective tests

A

rorschach inkblot test

thematic apperception test (TAT)

word association & sentence completion

human figure drawing

22
Q

projective tests have low…

A

reliability and validity

23
Q

Sigmund Freud brief background

A

lived from 1856-1939

primarily in Vienna

created theory from personal experiences and memories

24
Q

Freud’s Austria

A

characterized by even more rigorous form of Victorian sexual morality than England

intense moral pre-occupation with sexuality, particularly in women and children

young women were expected not to have sex until marriage

sexual exploration and masturbation were assiduously suppressed

  • to Freud, saw sexuality as repressed into unconscious
  • pressure cooker analogy
25
Q

Freud - unusual, “perverse” sexual desires dominate the mind

A

in children, neurotic adults, normal adults

sexual desires became “unconscious” - no longer under control of person’s self-conscious and voluntary choices

manifested in person’s INVOLUNTARY ACTIONS:
- mistakes
- slips of the tongue

manifested also in MENTAL PATHOLOGIES:
- obsession
- paranoia
- hysteria
- anxiety

26
Q

life of Freud

A

worked as clinical neurologist

studied with Charcot

explored benefits of cocaine

developed psychoanalytic practice

developed group of disciples

escaped Nazi invasion

27
Q

Freud’s ideas on individual differences

A

people differ in their EGO DEFENSE MECHANISMS

which control expression of PRIMITIVE FORCES in personality

28
Q

Freud’s ideas on adaptation and adjustment

A

mental health involves ability to LOVE and WORK

psychoanalysis provides method for OVERCOMING unconscious psych conflict

29
Q

Freud’s ideas on cognitive processes

A

conscious experience often CAN’T BE TRUSTED

because of distortions produced by unconscious defense mechanisms

30
Q

Freud’s ideas on culture

A

all societies deal with UNIVERSAL HUMAN CONFLICTS

leads to repression of individual desires

traditional religion is challenged as a shared defense mechanism

31
Q

Freud’s ideas on biological influences

A

psychiatric symptoms = explained in PSYCHODYNAMIC terms instead of BIOLOGICAL terms

BIOLOGICAL DRIVES (particularly sexual motivation) provide BASIS of PERSONALITY

hereditary differences may INFLUENCE LEVEL of sexual drive (libido) and phenomena like homosexuality

32
Q

Freud’s ideas on development

A
  1. experience in FIRST 5 YEARS = critical for personality formation
  2. oral, anal and phallic (Oedipal) psychosexual conflicts are central
  3. ADULT personality changes very little
33
Q

studies of hysteria published by who?

A

Sigmund Freud

case of Anna O and use of hypnosis in treating hysteria

free association

34
Q

psychic determinism

A

idea that unconscious forces have power to influence behaviour

traumatic events > physical changes in nervous system > anxiety symptoms later in life

35
Q

reality anxiety

A

tangible dangers

36
Q

neurotic anxiety

A

id versus ego

37
Q

moral anxiety

A

id versus superego

Psyc 332 (19 decks)

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