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Psyc 332 > Lecture Nov 1 > Flashcards

Lecture Nov 1 Flashcards

1
Q

need for achievement

A

desire to

  1. accomplish something difficult
  2. master, manipulate or organize
  3. overcome obstacles and attain a high standard
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2
Q

what assesses the need for acheivement?

A

the TAT (thematic apperception test)

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3
Q

do people with high need for achievement always fit stereotypes of highly successful businessperson?

A

nope!

  1. take moderate risks
  2. tackle work with lots of energy
  3. disinterested in routine and boring jobs
  4. prefer hobs that give personal responsibility for outcomes
  5. want concrete feedback about their performance
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4
Q

what kind of jobs do people who are high in need for achievement want?

A

not routine/boring ones

they want jobs that interest them

and that give them personal responsibility for outcomes

and concrete feedback

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5
Q

parenting practices associated with high need for achievement children

A

related to economic prosperity

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6
Q

high levels of achievement motivation interferes with…

A

effective performance

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7
Q

parenting and fostering achievement behaviour: when to let go and when to hold on?

A

parent teaching child to bike

parent might decide to LET CHILD FALL a few times - but in the process allow them to develop a sense of MASTERY and INDEPENDENCE

but might also want to PROTECT CHILD a little longer so that they retain their sense of SECURITY and CONFIDENCE

^ such decisions impact the child’s need for achievement

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8
Q

genders, success and need for achievement

A

high need for achievement predicts SUCCESS in business world for BOTH GENDERS

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9
Q

men and women think about achievement…

A

in different ways

  1. men see success in terms of EXTERNAL STANDARDS

^ prestige, recognition

  1. women tend to rely on INTERNAL DEFINITIONS of success

^ “did I do what I wanted to do?”

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10
Q

achievement behaviour: individualistic cultures

A

see achievement in terms of PERSONAL accomplishment

workers see themselves IN COMPETITION with coworkers

motivates them to WORK HARDER

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11
Q

achievement behaviour: collectivist cultures

A

see achievement in terms of COOPERATION and GROUP ACCOMPLISHMENTS

workers are concerned with the EMOTIONAL and FINANCIAL WELLBEING of their coworkers

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12
Q

attributions

A

determine how people feel about their performance

ATTRIBUTION RETRAINING:

^ way to IMPROVE achievement motivation - CHANGE people’s attributions

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13
Q

motivation

A

the energization and direction of behaviour

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14
Q

goal

A

cognitive representation of what it is an individual is trying to achieve in a given situation

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15
Q

motive

A

a specific physiological or psychological state of arousal that directs an organism’s energies toward a goal

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16
Q

achievement-goal theory

A

motives as goals

motives vary according to the kinds of goals you set and how they support achievement

some goals are more associated with success than others

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17
Q

achievement goals provide…

A

targets that people aspire to in achievement situations

18
Q

achievement goal categories

A

mastery

performance

19
Q

mastery goals

A

concerned with developing COMPETENCE

20
Q

performance goals

A

concerned with DEMONSTRATING ACCOMPLISHMENTS to others

21
Q

divide mastery and performance goals into…

A

approach and avoidance categories

creates a 2x2 model of achievement goals

22
Q

effects of mastery goals

A
  1. students choose more challenging tasks
  2. are more interested in their classes
  3. retain info and skills for longer
  4. share info and work with others to achieve common goals
23
Q

effects of performance goals

A
  1. affects how well individuals work in groups
  2. tend to see others as competition
  3. advantages are limited
24
Q

type A personality variable

A
  1. high competitive achievement striving
  2. respond to frustrating situations with anger
  3. high motivation for control over people and situations
  4. sense of urgency
  5. want to do multiple things at once
25
Q

hostility and health

A

hostility component of Type A - findings explain relationship between Type A behaviour and coronary disease

BUT Type A people need not have bad health

^ by avoiding minor frustration at minor setbacks, it’s possible to be PRODUCTIVE and HEALTHY

26
Q

hostility and health chart components

A

physical illness

immune system

pain

cholesterol

cardiovascular disease

death

27
Q

hostility and physical illness

A

high hostility scores predict increased incidence of MANY ILLNESSES

asthma, liver disease, arthritis

28
Q

hostility and immune system

A

high anger is related to weaknesses in the immune system

especially after conflict

29
Q

hostility and pain

A

high anger scores are associated with LOWER PAIN TOLERANCE in the lab

and with GREATER COMPLAINTS OF PAIN among patients experiencing pain

30
Q

hostility and cholesterol

A

high trait anger is correlated with higher cholesterol levels

31
Q

hostility and cardiovascular disease

A

high hostility is related to higher incidence of many cardiovascular diseases

including atherosclerosis and coronary artery blockage

32
Q

hostility and death

A

high scores on measures of anger and hostility are associated with death from cardiovascular disease and other causes

33
Q

social anxiety

A

related to social interactions

34
Q

social anxiety leads to…

A
  1. increased physiological arousal
  2. inability to concentrate
  3. feelings of nervousness
35
Q

high social anxiety people are often concerned…

A

about negative evaluation

36
Q

explaining social anxiety

A

evaluation apprehension

^ underlying cause of social anxiety

^ situations that lend themselves to evaluation by others are particularly anxiety-provoking

37
Q

researchers examine emotions as relatively stable characteristics marked by differences in…

A
  1. AFFECTIVITY: extent to which people experience positive and negative emotions
  2. INTENSITY: strength of the emotions people experience
  3. EXPRESSIVENESS: way people experience their emotions
38
Q

dimensions of emotional affectivity

A

POSITIVE

extreme 1: active, content, satisfied
extreme 2: sad, lethargic

NEGATIVE

extreme 1: nervousness, anger, distress
extreme 2: calm, serene

39
Q

high positive affect emotions

A

active

elated

enthusiastic

excited

peppy

strong

40
Q

low positive affect emotions

A

drowsy

dull

sleepy

sluggish

41
Q

high negative affect emotions

A

distressed

fearful

hostile

jittery

nervous

scornful

42
Q

low negative affect emotions

A

at rest

calm

placid

relaxed

Psyc 332 (19 decks)

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