Lecture Nov 1 Flashcards

1
Q

need for achievement

A

desire to

  1. accomplish something difficult
  2. master, manipulate or organize
  3. overcome obstacles and attain a high standard
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2
Q

what assesses the need for acheivement?

A

the TAT (thematic apperception test)

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3
Q

do people with high need for achievement always fit stereotypes of highly successful businessperson?

A

nope!

  1. take moderate risks
  2. tackle work with lots of energy
  3. disinterested in routine and boring jobs
  4. prefer hobs that give personal responsibility for outcomes
  5. want concrete feedback about their performance
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4
Q

what kind of jobs do people who are high in need for achievement want?

A

not routine/boring ones

they want jobs that interest them

and that give them personal responsibility for outcomes

and concrete feedback

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5
Q

parenting practices associated with high need for achievement children

A

related to economic prosperity

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6
Q

high levels of achievement motivation interferes with…

A

effective performance

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7
Q

parenting and fostering achievement behaviour: when to let go and when to hold on?

A

parent teaching child to bike

parent might decide to LET CHILD FALL a few times - but in the process allow them to develop a sense of MASTERY and INDEPENDENCE

but might also want to PROTECT CHILD a little longer so that they retain their sense of SECURITY and CONFIDENCE

^ such decisions impact the child’s need for achievement

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8
Q

genders, success and need for achievement

A

high need for achievement predicts SUCCESS in business world for BOTH GENDERS

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9
Q

men and women think about achievement…

A

in different ways

  1. men see success in terms of EXTERNAL STANDARDS

^ prestige, recognition

  1. women tend to rely on INTERNAL DEFINITIONS of success

^ “did I do what I wanted to do?”

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10
Q

achievement behaviour: individualistic cultures

A

see achievement in terms of PERSONAL accomplishment

workers see themselves IN COMPETITION with coworkers

motivates them to WORK HARDER

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11
Q

achievement behaviour: collectivist cultures

A

see achievement in terms of COOPERATION and GROUP ACCOMPLISHMENTS

workers are concerned with the EMOTIONAL and FINANCIAL WELLBEING of their coworkers

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12
Q

attributions

A

determine how people feel about their performance

ATTRIBUTION RETRAINING:

^ way to IMPROVE achievement motivation - CHANGE people’s attributions

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13
Q

motivation

A

the energization and direction of behaviour

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14
Q

goal

A

cognitive representation of what it is an individual is trying to achieve in a given situation

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15
Q

motive

A

a specific physiological or psychological state of arousal that directs an organism’s energies toward a goal

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16
Q

achievement-goal theory

A

motives as goals

motives vary according to the kinds of goals you set and how they support achievement

some goals are more associated with success than others

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17
Q

achievement goals provide…

A

targets that people aspire to in achievement situations

18
Q

achievement goal categories

A

mastery

performance

19
Q

mastery goals

A

concerned with developing COMPETENCE

20
Q

performance goals

A

concerned with DEMONSTRATING ACCOMPLISHMENTS to others

21
Q

divide mastery and performance goals into…

A

approach and avoidance categories

creates a 2x2 model of achievement goals

22
Q

effects of mastery goals

A
  1. students choose more challenging tasks
  2. are more interested in their classes
  3. retain info and skills for longer
  4. share info and work with others to achieve common goals
23
Q

effects of performance goals

A
  1. affects how well individuals work in groups
  2. tend to see others as competition
  3. advantages are limited
24
Q

type A personality variable

A
  1. high competitive achievement striving
  2. respond to frustrating situations with anger
  3. high motivation for control over people and situations
  4. sense of urgency
  5. want to do multiple things at once
25
hostility and health
hostility component of Type A - findings explain relationship between Type A behaviour and coronary disease BUT Type A people need not have bad health ^ by avoiding minor frustration at minor setbacks, it's possible to be PRODUCTIVE and HEALTHY
26
hostility and health chart components
physical illness immune system pain cholesterol cardiovascular disease death
27
hostility and physical illness
high hostility scores predict increased incidence of MANY ILLNESSES asthma, liver disease, arthritis
28
hostility and immune system
high anger is related to weaknesses in the immune system especially after conflict
29
hostility and pain
high anger scores are associated with LOWER PAIN TOLERANCE in the lab and with GREATER COMPLAINTS OF PAIN among patients experiencing pain
30
hostility and cholesterol
high trait anger is correlated with higher cholesterol levels
31
hostility and cardiovascular disease
high hostility is related to higher incidence of many cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and coronary artery blockage
32
hostility and death
high scores on measures of anger and hostility are associated with death from cardiovascular disease and other causes
33
social anxiety
related to social interactions
34
social anxiety leads to...
1. increased physiological arousal 2. inability to concentrate 3. feelings of nervousness
35
high social anxiety people are often concerned...
about negative evaluation
36
explaining social anxiety
evaluation apprehension ^ underlying cause of social anxiety ^ situations that lend themselves to evaluation by others are particularly anxiety-provoking
37
researchers examine emotions as relatively stable characteristics marked by differences in...
1. AFFECTIVITY: extent to which people experience positive and negative emotions 2. INTENSITY: strength of the emotions people experience 3. EXPRESSIVENESS: way people experience their emotions
38
dimensions of emotional affectivity
POSITIVE extreme 1: active, content, satisfied extreme 2: sad, lethargic NEGATIVE extreme 1: nervousness, anger, distress extreme 2: calm, serene
39
high positive affect emotions
active elated enthusiastic excited peppy strong
40
low positive affect emotions
drowsy dull sleepy sluggish
41
high negative affect emotions
distressed fearful hostile jittery nervous scornful
42
low negative affect emotions
at rest calm placid relaxed