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Psyc 332 > Lecture Nov 8 > Flashcards

Lecture Nov 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Hans Eysenck’s theory of personality

A

interested in the STRUCTURE of personality

employed FACTOR ANALYSIS to identify SUPERTRAITS

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2
Q

Eysenck’s 3 basic personality dimensions

A
  1. extraversion-introversion
  2. neuroticism
  3. psychoticism
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3
Q

Eysenck’s personality divisions

A

specific response level (SR)

habit response level (HR)

trait level (TL)

super trait (ST)

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4
Q

Eysenck’s INITIAL factor analysis research yielded…

A

2 basic dimensions

a) extraversion-introversion
b) neuroticism

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5
Q

are Eysenck’s personality dimensions dependent?

A

no, they’re independent

means that scoring high/low on one won’t predict one’s score on another

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6
Q

neuroticism poles

A

UNSTABLE (neurotic)

STABLE

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7
Q

extraverts are

A

outgoing, impulsive, uninhibited, sociable

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8
Q

introverts are

A

quiet, introspective, reserved, distant except to intimate friends

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9
Q

people high on neuroticism are

A

unstable or highly emotional

easily upset and angered

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10
Q

people low on neuroticism are

A

less prone to emotional swings

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11
Q

psychoticism

A

3rd super trait found by Eysenck

high end: egocentric, aggressive, impersonal

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12
Q

Eysenck’s arguments for biological basis for personality

A
  1. CONSISTENCY of extraversion-introversion over time
  2. CROSS-CULTURAL research indicates 3 dimensions of personality
  3. GENETICS play vital role in determining a person’s PLACEMENT on the personality dimensions
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13
Q

2 physiological diffs that back the biological basis for personality

A
  1. sensitivity to stimulation
  2. sensitivity to reinforcement
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14
Q

sensitivity to stimulation

A

introverts and extraverts DIFFER in how their BRAINS respond to EMOTIONAL stimuli

introverts are QUICKLY AROUSED when exposed to external stimulation

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15
Q

sensitivity to reinforcement

A

behavioural approach system (BAS) and behavioural inhibitory system (BIS)

reinforcement sensitivity theory

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16
Q

reinforcement sensitivity theory

A

human brain has a BAS and a BIS

individuals DIFFER in the strength of these systems, and differences are STABLE ACROSS TIME

17
Q

people with high BAS…

A

seek out and achieve pleasurable goals

get pleasure out of rewards and anticipating those rewards

18
Q

people with high BIS…

A

are apprehensive and quick to retreat from problematic situations

experience more anxiety

19
Q

temperament

A

general behavioural dispositions

expressed in diff ways depending on individual’s experiences

20
Q

temperament’s development into personality traits depends on…

A

complex interplay of genetic predispositions and environment

21
Q

dimensions in temperament

A
  1. emotionality
  2. activity
  3. sociability
22
Q

temperament dimensions: emotionality

A

INTENSITY of emotional reactions

children high on emotionality frequently express anger

as adults, are easily upset and have quick temper

23
Q

temperament dimensions: activity

A

person’s general level of ENERGY

highly active children move around a lot, prefer games requiring running and jumping

as grown-ups, are always on the go and prefer high-energy activities

24
Q

temperament dimensions: sociability

A

general tendency to AFFILIATE and INTERACT with others

sociable children seek out other children and play

as adults, have lots of friends and enjoy social gatherings

25
Q

gender diffs in temperament

A

GIRLS: tend to have higher EFFORTFUL CONTROL than boys

BOYS: tend to have higher SURGENCY

26
Q

surgency

A

activity, positive emotion, impulsivity, engagement with their environment

similar to adult concept of extraversion

27
Q

adult personalities are determined by…

A

both INHERITED TEMPERAMENT and ENVIRONMENT

temperament influences environment which in turn influences the way temperament develops into a stable personality

28
Q

inhibited and uninhibited styles

A

are inherited biological temperaments found in kids

inhibited kids run risk of developing SOCIAL ANXIETY disorder, phobias

uninhibited kids run risk of developing DISRUPTING BEHAVIOUR DISORDERS

29
Q

children can inherit a tendency to respond to unfamiliar situations with INCREASED AROUSAL…

A

when entering a new situation/meeting new people, many of these kids display what we typically call SHY BEHAVIOUR

30
Q

how can anxiety be explained by evolutionary psychology?

A

anxiety is an unpleasant emotional state - normally functioning people would want to avoid it

primary cause of anxiety is SOCIAL EXCLUSION

primitive people AVOIDED behaviours that led to social exclusion, MOTIVATED by FEELINGS of ANXIETY

allowed them to survive and reproduce

Psyc 332 (19 decks)

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