Lecture: Reproduction

Question 1

What produces male gametes?

Answer 1

Testes

Question 2

“Nurse cells” in the male reproductive system

Answer 2

Sertoli cells

Question 3

Testosterone-producing cells in the male reproductive system

Answer 3

Leydig cells

Question 4

The conversion of undifferentiated germ cells (spermatogonia) into specialized motile sperm (spermatoza)

Answer 4

Spermatogenesis

Question 5

Results in the release of sperm into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

Answer 5

Spermatogenesis (meiosis + spermiogenesis)

Question 5

Results in the release of sperm into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

Answer 5

Spermatogenesis (meiosis + spermiogenesis)

Question 6

Spermatids differentiate into sperm

Answer 6

Spermiogenesis

Question 7

Sperm released from sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

Answer 7

Spermiation

Question 8

Sperm stem cells

Answer 8

Spermatogonia

Question 9

Meiosis

Answer 9

• Involves 2 rounds of cell division
• Yields 4 haploid cells called gametes

Question 10

Purpose of the acrosome on a sperm

Answer 10

Facilitates penetration of secondary oocyte

Question 11

Purpose of the middle piece or mitochondrial sheath of sperm

Answer 11

Provides ATP for locomotion

Question 12

Purpose of the tail on a sperm

Answer 12

Propels sperm through the female reproductive tract

Question 13

How many chromosomes does the nucleus of a sperm contain?

Answer 13

23

Question 14

Final maturation of the sperm that occurs within the female reproductive tract (triggered by secretions of the uterus)

Answer 14

Capacitation

Question 15

What causes the hyperactivation of the sperm tail in capacitation?

Answer 15

A Ca influx as a result of an increase in female progesterone

Question 16

How can men be infertile at the stage of capacitation?

Answer 16

Men that are deficient in the progesterone-binding Ca channel are infertile

Question 17

Which hormone stimulates testosterone production by the leydig cells?

Answer 17

Luteinizing hormone

Question 18

What does testosterone do?

Answer 18

1. Stimulates the final steps of spermatogenesis
2. Inhibits luteinizing hormone release

Question 19

What does follicle stimulating hormone do?

Answer 19

1. Acts on sertoli cells
2. Promotes spermatogenesis

Question 20

How does FSH promote spermatogenesis?

Answer 20

Stimulates androgen binding protein which keeps testosterone protein high

Question 21

Which cells release inhibin?

Answer 21

Sertoli cells

Question 22

What is the function of inhibin?

Answer 22

Reduce FSH release

Question 23

Transport ducts of the male reproductive system

Answer 23

1. Ejaculatory duct
2. Prostatic urethra
3. Membranous urethra
4. Spongy urethra

Question 24

Storage and transport ducts of the male reproductive system

Answer 24

1. Ductus (vas) deferens 2. Ampulla of the ductus deferens

Question 25

Maturation and storage duct of the male reproductive system

Answer 25

Epididymis

Question 26

Accessory glands of the male reproductive system

Answer 26

1. Seminal vesicle 2. Prostate 3. Bulbourethral gland

Question 27

Components of the seminal fluid excreted by the seminal vesicles

Answer 27

1. Fructose 2. Prostaglandins 3. Fibrinogen

Question 28

Components of the seminal fluid excreted by the prostate

Answer 28

1. Slightly acidic pH 2. Proteolytic enzymes 3. Seminalplasmin

Question 29

Components of the seminal fluid excreted by the bulbourethral gland

Answer 29

1. Mucous 2. Alkaline (basic) pH

Question 30

Purpose of fructose in seminal fluid

Answer 30

Fuel for glycolysis for ATP production

Question 31

Purpose of prostaglandins in seminal fluid

Answer 31

Contribute to sperm viability, motility, and transport

Question 32

Purpose of fibrinogen in seminal fluid

Answer 32

Aids in coagulation of semen in female reproductive tract

Question 33

Purpose of slightly acidic pH in the prostate seminal fluid

Answer 33

pH due to citric acid used for ATP production

Question 34

Purpose of proteolytic enzymes in seminal fluid

Answer 34

Break down clotting proteins from seminal vesicles

Question 35

Purpose of seminalplasmin in seminal fluid

Answer 35

Seminalplasmin is an antibiotic that destroys bacteria

Question 36

Purpose of mucous in seminal fluid

Answer 36

Minimizes damage to sperm during ejaculation

Question 37

Purpose of alkaline (basic pH) in seminal fluid released from the bulbourethral gland

Answer 37

Protects sperm from acids in urine

Question 38

Where does fertilization occur?

Answer 38

Ampulla

Question 39

Where does egg and hormone production occur in females?

Answer 39

Ovary

Question 40

What collects the female egg (ovum)?

Answer 40

Fimbriae

Question 41

Where does implantation, development, and contraction occur?

Answer 41

Uterus

Question 42

What is also known as the selective barrier in the female reproductive system?

Answer 42

Cervix

Question 43

Where does sperm deposit in the female reproductive system?

Answer 43

Vagina

Question 44

When are oocytes created in a female?

Answer 44

They are all produced prior to her birth

Question 45

In females, the germ cells migrate to the ovary and become...

Answer 45

oogonia