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PSIO202 > Lecture: Reproduction > Flashcards

Lecture: Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What produces male gametes?

A

Testes

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2
Q

“Nurse cells” in the male reproductive system

A

Sertoli cells

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3
Q

Testosterone-producing cells in the male reproductive system

A

Leydig cells

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4
Q

The conversion of undifferentiated germ cells (spermatogonia) into specialized motile sperm (spermatoza)

A

Spermatogenesis

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5
Q

Results in the release of sperm into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

A

Spermatogenesis (meiosis + spermiogenesis)

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5
Q

Results in the release of sperm into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

A

Spermatogenesis (meiosis + spermiogenesis)

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6
Q

Spermatids differentiate into sperm

A

Spermiogenesis

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7
Q

Sperm released from sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

A

Spermiation

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8
Q

Sperm stem cells

A

Spermatogonia

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9
Q

Meiosis

A
  • Involves 2 rounds of cell division
  • Yields 4 haploid cells called gametes
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10
Q

Purpose of the acrosome on a sperm

A

Facilitates penetration of secondary oocyte

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11
Q

Purpose of the middle piece or mitochondrial sheath of sperm

A

Provides ATP for locomotion

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12
Q

Purpose of the tail on a sperm

A

Propels sperm through the female reproductive tract

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13
Q

How many chromosomes does the nucleus of a sperm contain?

A

23

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14
Q

Final maturation of the sperm that occurs within the female reproductive tract (triggered by secretions of the uterus)

A

Capacitation

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15
Q

What causes the hyperactivation of the sperm tail in capacitation?

A

A Ca influx as a result of an increase in female progesterone

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16
Q

How can men be infertile at the stage of capacitation?

A

Men that are deficient in the progesterone-binding Ca channel are infertile

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17
Q

Which hormone stimulates testosterone production by the leydig cells?

A

Luteinizing hormone

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18
Q

What does testosterone do?

A
  1. Stimulates the final steps of spermatogenesis
  2. Inhibits luteinizing hormone release
19
Q

What does follicle stimulating hormone do?

A
  1. Acts on sertoli cells
  2. Promotes spermatogenesis
20
Q

How does FSH promote spermatogenesis?

A

Stimulates androgen binding protein which keeps testosterone protein high

21
Q

Which cells release inhibin?

A

Sertoli cells

22
Q

What is the function of inhibin?

A

Reduce FSH release

23
Q

Transport ducts of the male reproductive system

A
  1. Ejaculatory duct
  2. Prostatic urethra
  3. Membranous urethra
  4. Spongy urethra
24
Q

Storage and transport ducts of the male reproductive system

A
  1. Ductus (vas) deferens
  2. Ampulla of the ductus deferens
25
Q

Maturation and storage duct of the male reproductive system

A

Epididymis

26
Q

Accessory glands of the male reproductive system

A
  1. Seminal vesicle
  2. Prostate
  3. Bulbourethral gland
27
Q

Components of the seminal fluid excreted by the seminal vesicles

A
  1. Fructose
  2. Prostaglandins
  3. Fibrinogen
28
Q

Components of the seminal fluid excreted by the prostate

A
  1. Slightly acidic pH
  2. Proteolytic enzymes
  3. Seminalplasmin
29
Q

Components of the seminal fluid excreted by the bulbourethral gland

A
  1. Mucous
  2. Alkaline (basic) pH
30
Q

Purpose of fructose in seminal fluid

A

Fuel for glycolysis for ATP production

31
Q

Purpose of prostaglandins in seminal fluid

A

Contribute to sperm viability, motility, and transport

32
Q

Purpose of fibrinogen in seminal fluid

A

Aids in coagulation of semen in female reproductive tract

33
Q

Purpose of slightly acidic pH in the prostate seminal fluid

A

pH due to citric acid used for ATP production

34
Q

Purpose of proteolytic enzymes in seminal fluid

A

Break down clotting proteins from seminal vesicles

35
Q

Purpose of seminalplasmin in seminal fluid

A

Seminalplasmin is an antibiotic that destroys bacteria

36
Q

Purpose of mucous in seminal fluid

A

Minimizes damage to sperm during ejaculation

37
Q

Purpose of alkaline (basic pH) in seminal fluid released from the bulbourethral gland

A

Protects sperm from acids in urine

38
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

Ampulla

39
Q

Where does egg and hormone production occur in females?

A

Ovary

40
Q

What collects the female egg (ovum)?

A

Fimbriae

41
Q

Where does implantation, development, and contraction occur?

A

Uterus

42
Q

What is also known as the selective barrier in the female reproductive system?

A

Cervix

43
Q

Where does sperm deposit in the female reproductive system?

A

Vagina

44
Q

When are oocytes created in a female?

A

They are all produced prior to her birth

45
Q

In females, the germ cells migrate to the ovary and become…

A

oogonia

PSIO202 (15 decks)

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