Lab: The Reproductive System Flashcards
Functions of the female reproductive system
- Maturation and transportation of oocytes
- Fertilization and development of embryo fetus
- Provide nutrients for infants
- Hormone production
Components of female reproductive system
- Internal genitalia
- External genitalia
- Mammary glands
Components of female internal genitalia
- Ovaries
- Uterine tubes
- Uterus
- Vagina
Female gonads
Ovaries
Endocrine products of the female reproductive system
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
Exocrine product of the female reproductive system
Ova / eggs
Also known as oviducts or fallopian tubes
Uterine tubes
What are the uterine tubes composed of?
Smooth muscle and cilia
What is the purpose of cilia in the uterine tubes?
Help move egg
Three regions of the uterine tube
- Isthmus
- Ampulla
- Infundibulum
Narrow portion of uterine tubes that open into uterus
Isthmus
Place of fertilization
Ampulla
Distal, funnel shaped portion of uterine tubes
Infundibulum
Finger-like projections of infundibulum
Fimbriae
Group of cells surrounding the oocyte that nurture the development of a gamete
Follicle
Muscular chamber posterior to the bladder
Uterus
Forward curving position of the uterus
Anteflexion
Domed top of uterus
Fundus
Portion of uterus below uterine tubes
body
The narrow region of the uterus between the body and the vagina
Cervix
Space within the uterus that houses the fetus
Uterine cavity
Found between the internal os and the external os which are constricted portions of the canal
Cervical canal
Layers of the uterus wall
- Perimetrium (outer)
- Myometrium
- Endometrium
Organ inferior to the uterus
Vagina
Sheet-like peritoneum that holds ovaries and uterine tubes in place
Broad ligament
Ligaments connecting ovaries to uterus
Ovarian ligaments
Ligaments connecting ovaries to pelvic wall
Suspensory ligaments
Ligaments connecting uterus to labia majora
Round ligaments
Ligaments connecting cervix to pelvic wall
Cardinal ligaments
Ligaments connecting uterus to sacrum
Uterosacral ligaments
External genitalia of the female reproductive system
Vulva or pudendum
Adipose tissue covering pubic symphysis and bears pubic hair
Mons pubis
Pair of thick folds of skin and adipose tissue
Labia majora
Pair of thing folds medial to labia majora
Labia minora
Anterior fold over the clitoris where labia minora meet ateriorly
Prepuce
Opening to vagina
Vaginal orifice
Area enclose by labia minora that contains the vagina and urinary orifices
Vestibule
Membrane forming across vaginal orifice
Hymen
Primary center of female sexual stimulation
Clitoris
Two parts of the clitoris
Glans - external
Body - internal
Gland located on each side of the vagina that secrete fluid and lubrication during intercourse
Greater vestibular gland
Gland located near the external urethral orifice to secrete fluid into the vestibule
Paraurethral gland
Darkened area surrounding nipple
Areola
Raised structure at the apex of breast
Nipple
Milk producing glands
Acini
Functions of the male reproductive system
- Produce, store, and transport sperm
- Testes produce androgens
Components of the male reproductive system
- Penis
- Testes
- Accessory glands
- Spermatic ducts
Pouch of skin, muscle, and fibrous tissue that contain the testes
Scrotum
What contains that spermatic cord?
Scrotum
Deposits semen into vagina
Penis
Foreskin
Prepuce
Elongated external portion of the penis that consists of erectile tissue
Shaft
Expanded head at the distal end of penis containing urethral orifice
Glans
Male gonads
Testes
Endocrine product of the male reproductive system
Testosterone
Exocrine product of the male reproductive system
Sperm
Layers of the testes
- Scrotum
- Dartos muscle
- External spermatic fascia
- Cremaster muscle
- Internal spermatic fascia
- Tunica vaginalis
- Tunica albuginea
What is the white fibrous capsule around the testes?
Tunica albuginea
Which muscles of the testes contract when cold and relax when warm?
Dartos and cremaster muscle
Which cells line the seminiferous tubes?
Epithelial cells
What cells are “nurse” cells that nurture the development of sperm
Sertoli cells
Site of sperm maturation and storage
epididymis
How long does it take for sperm to reach maturity?
20 days
How long are sperm viable for?
40-60 days
Sperm flow pathway
- Seminiferous tubule
- Rete testis
- Efferent ductules
- Duct of the epididymis
- Ductus vas deferens
- Ampulla of the ductus deferens
- Ejaculatory duct
- Prostatic urethra
- Membranous urethra
- Spongy urethra
- External urethral orifice
Fluid released from accessory glands that carries sperm
Semen
What is the purpose of the difference in pH of semen?
The alkaline pH neutralizes male urethra and female vagina pH
What is the purpose of the fructose in semen?
Energy for the sperm
A complex of veins closely surrounding the testicular artery
Pampiniform plexus
What acts as a countercurrent heat exchanger?
Pampiniform plexus
Assist in sperm transport by inducting muscle contractions in the female reproductive organs
Prostaglandins
Enzymes necessary for sperm viability and motility
Proteolytic enzymes
Provides lubrication for passage of semen/sperm through the urethra
Mucus
Fertilizes a secondary oocyte
Sperm
Which glands contain fructose and prostaglandins?
Seminal vessicles
Which gland contains proteolytic fluid?
Prostate gland
Where is sperm activated?
Prostate gland
Where is mucus to lubricate the urethra and glans penis secreted from?
Bulbourethral gland
Production of gametes
meiosis
How many divisions occur in meiosis?
2 cell divisions
What happens to chromosome number during meiosis?
They reduce in half
Process of male gamete formation - division of spermatogonia to form spermatozoa
Spermatogenesis
Maturation of sperm through the last part of spermatogenesis
Spermiogenesis
When does spermatid gain a head, mid-piece, tail, and lose extra cytoplasm
spermiogenesis
Where does spermatogenesis occur?
The seminiferous tubule
Process of egg production
Oogenesis
