Lab: The Urinary System

Question 1

Shade of urine

Answer 1

Appearance

Question 2

Clear vs. cloudy urine

Answer 2

Turbidity

Question 3

pH of urine

Answer 3

4.5-8.2

Question 4

Production of urine

Answer 4

1-1.3 ml/min
1-2 L per 24 hours

Question 5

Normal components of urine

Answer 5

Water
Ions
Urea
Uric acid
Ammonia
Creatinine

Question 6

Abnormal components of urine (-uria)

Answer 6

Glucose
Large proteins
RBCs + WBCs
Bacteria
Ketone bodies
Casts

Question 7

Functions of the urinary system

Answer 7

1. Excretion
2. Regulation
3. Productions of hormones

Question 8

What substances does urine excrete?

Answer 8

• Metabolic wastes
• Exogenous substances (drugs)

Question 9

What does the urinary system regulate in regard to blood homeostasis?

Answer 9

• BP
• Blood volume
• Blood pH
• Blood composition

Question 10

Which hormones does the urinary system create?

Answer 10

Renin
Erythropoietin

Question 11

Organs of the urinary system

Answer 11

2 Kidneys
2 Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

Question 12

Muscular tube that extend to the urinary bladder

Answer 12

Ureters

Question 13

Opening where the ureters connect to the bladder

Answer 13

Ureteral openings/orifices

Question 14

How is urine propelled?

Answer 14

• Peristalsis
• Hydrostatic pressure
• Gravity

Question 15

Triangular area marked by two ureteral openings and the urethral opening

Answer 15

Trigone

Question 16

Muscularis of bladder

Answer 16

Detrusor

Question 17

Wrinkles that allow the bladder to stretch and fill

Answer 17

Rugae

Question 18

A tube that conveys urine out of the body

Answer 18

The urethra

Question 19

How long is the female urethra?

Answer 19

3-4 cm

Question 20

How long is the male urethra?

Answer 20

18 cm

Question 21

Which urinary sphincter is involuntary?

Answer 21

Internal urethral sphincter

Question 22

Which urinary sphincter is voluntary?

Answer 22

External urethral sphincter

Question 23

3 regions of the male urethra

Answer 23

• Prostatic urethra
• Membranous urethra
• Spongy (penile) urethra

Question 24

How do the ureters propel urine?

Answer 24

• Gravity
• Hydrostatic pressure
• Peristalsis

Question 25

An infection of the urinary system - urethritis, pyelonephritis, and cystitis

Answer 25

Urinary tract infection

Question 26

Causes of a UTI

Answer 26

Bacterial infection in the urethra, kidney, or bladder

Question 27

Symptoms of a UTI

Answer 27

- Constant urge to urinate - Burning when urinating - Cloudy urine - Pelvic pain

Question 28

UTI treatments

Answer 28

- Fluids - No soda or coffee - Change how you wipe - Pee after sex - Low dosage antibiotics

Question 29

Connective tissue layer that encloses the kidney and maintains its shape

Answer 29

Fibrous renal capsule

Question 30

Purpose of fibrous renal capsule

Answer 30

Barrier from trauma and infection

Question 31

Adipose layer holding kidneys in place

Answer 31

Perirenal fat capsule

Question 32

Purpose of perirenal fat capsule

Answer 32

Protection against trauma and cushion

Question 33

Anchors kidney to surrounding structures and binds to abdominal wall

Answer 33

Renal fascia

Question 34

Function unit of the kidney

Answer 34

Nephron

Question 35

Glomerular capsule + glomerulus

Answer 35

Renal corpuscle

Question 36

Renal corpuscle + renal tubes

Answer 36

Nephron

Question 37

Ball of capillaries

Answer 37

Glomerulus

Question 38

Parietal layer made of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 38

Glomerular capsule

Question 39

Epithelia of the glomerulus

Answer 39

simple squamous

Question 40

Epithelia of the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 40

Simple cuboidal with microvilli

Question 41

Epithelia of the thick segments of the nephron loop

Answer 41

Simple cuboidal

Question 42

Epithelia of the thin segments of the nephron loop

Answer 42

Simple squamous

Question 43

Epithelia of the distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, and papillary duct

Answer 43

Simple cuboidal

Question 44

What type of capillaries does the cortical nephron have?

Answer 44

Cortical

Question 45

What type of capillaries does the juxtamedullary nephron have?

Answer 45

Vasa recta

Question 46

Water movement from area of low solute concentration to area of high solute concentration

Answer 46

Osmosis

Question 47

Number of particles of solute per liter of solution

Answer 47

Osmolarity

Question 48

Is water uptake/reabsorption active of passive?

Answer 48

Passive