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PSIO202 > Lab: The Urinary System > Flashcards

Lab: The Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Shade of urine

A

Appearance

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2
Q

Clear vs. cloudy urine

A

Turbidity

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3
Q

pH of urine

A

4.5-8.2

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4
Q

Production of urine

A

1-1.3 ml/min
1-2 L per 24 hours

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5
Q

Normal components of urine

A

Water
Ions
Urea
Uric acid
Ammonia
Creatinine

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6
Q

Abnormal components of urine (-uria)

A

Glucose
Large proteins
RBCs + WBCs
Bacteria
Ketone bodies
Casts

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7
Q

Functions of the urinary system

A
  1. Excretion
  2. Regulation
  3. Productions of hormones
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8
Q

What substances does urine excrete?

A
  • Metabolic wastes
  • Exogenous substances (drugs)
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9
Q

What does the urinary system regulate in regard to blood homeostasis?

A
  • BP
  • Blood volume
  • Blood pH
  • Blood composition
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10
Q

Which hormones does the urinary system create?

A

Renin
Erythropoietin

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11
Q

Organs of the urinary system

A

2 Kidneys
2 Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

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12
Q

Muscular tube that extend to the urinary bladder

A

Ureters

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13
Q

Opening where the ureters connect to the bladder

A

Ureteral openings/orifices

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14
Q

How is urine propelled?

A
  • Peristalsis
  • Hydrostatic pressure
  • Gravity
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15
Q

Triangular area marked by two ureteral openings and the urethral opening

A

Trigone

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16
Q

Muscularis of bladder

A

Detrusor

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17
Q

Wrinkles that allow the bladder to stretch and fill

A

Rugae

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18
Q

A tube that conveys urine out of the body

A

The urethra

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19
Q

How long is the female urethra?

A

3-4 cm

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20
Q

How long is the male urethra?

A

18 cm

21
Q

Which urinary sphincter is involuntary?

A

Internal urethral sphincter

22
Q

Which urinary sphincter is voluntary?

A

External urethral sphincter

23
Q

3 regions of the male urethra

A
  • Prostatic urethra
  • Membranous urethra
  • Spongy (penile) urethra
24
Q

How do the ureters propel urine?

A
  • Gravity
  • Hydrostatic pressure
  • Peristalsis
25
Q

An infection of the urinary system - urethritis, pyelonephritis, and cystitis

A

Urinary tract infection

26
Q

Causes of a UTI

A

Bacterial infection in the urethra, kidney, or bladder

27
Q

Symptoms of a UTI

A
  • Constant urge to urinate
  • Burning when urinating
  • Cloudy urine
  • Pelvic pain
28
Q

UTI treatments

A
  • Fluids
  • No soda or coffee
  • Change how you wipe
  • Pee after sex
  • Low dosage antibiotics
29
Q

Connective tissue layer that encloses the kidney and maintains its shape

A

Fibrous renal capsule

30
Q

Purpose of fibrous renal capsule

A

Barrier from trauma and infection

31
Q

Adipose layer holding kidneys in place

A

Perirenal fat capsule

32
Q

Purpose of perirenal fat capsule

A

Protection against trauma and cushion

33
Q

Anchors kidney to surrounding structures and binds to abdominal wall

A

Renal fascia

34
Q

Function unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

35
Q

Glomerular capsule + glomerulus

A

Renal corpuscle

36
Q

Renal corpuscle + renal tubes

A

Nephron

37
Q

Ball of capillaries

A

Glomerulus

38
Q

Parietal layer made of simple squamous epithelium

A

Glomerular capsule

39
Q

Epithelia of the glomerulus

A

simple squamous

40
Q

Epithelia of the proximal convoluted tubule

A

Simple cuboidal with microvilli

41
Q

Epithelia of the thick segments of the nephron loop

A

Simple cuboidal

42
Q

Epithelia of the thin segments of the nephron loop

A

Simple squamous

43
Q

Epithelia of the distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, and papillary duct

A

Simple cuboidal

44
Q

What type of capillaries does the cortical nephron have?

A

Cortical

45
Q

What type of capillaries does the juxtamedullary nephron have?

A

Vasa recta

46
Q

Water movement from area of low solute concentration to area of high solute concentration

A

Osmosis

47
Q

Number of particles of solute per liter of solution

A

Osmolarity

48
Q

Is water uptake/reabsorption active of passive?

A

Passive

PSIO202 (15 decks)

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