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PSIO202 > Lab: Blood + Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Lab: Blood + Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

Blood pressure

A

Force exerted by blood on the blood vessel wall

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2
Q

Laminar flow

A

refers to the streamline movement of blood

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3
Q

Turbulent blood flow

A

Cause by constriction of the vessel than disrupts laminar flow

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4
Q

Where is blood pressure the highest?

A

Aorta and large elastic arteries

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5
Q

As arteries branch and as blood travels farther from the heart BP…

A

decreases

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6
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A
  • Inflatable blood pressure cuff and pressure gauge
  • Measures systolic and diastolic blood pressure
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7
Q

Sounds heard via stethoscope

A

korotkoff sounds

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8
Q

Which artery do you use the sphygmomanometer at?

A

Brachial artery

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9
Q

1st loud korotkoff sound

A
  • systolic BP
  • Turbulent flow of blood
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10
Q

Last faint korotkoff sound

A
  • Diastolic BP
  • Laminar flow of blood
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11
Q

Normal systolic pressure

A

120 mmHg

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12
Q

Normal diastolic BP

A

80 mmHg

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13
Q

3 principal elements of the cardiovascular system

A

Heart
Blood Vessels
Blood

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14
Q

Function of the cardiovascular system

A

Transport: oxygen, nutrients, and hormones
Remove: carbon dioxide, heat, and waste

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15
Q

How much blood does the average adult body contain?

A

5.5 L

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16
Q

What percent of your body weight does blood make up?

A

8%

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17
Q

What percent of whole blood is plasma?

A

55%

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18
Q

What percent of whole blood is formed elements?

A

45%

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19
Q

What forms formed elements?

A
  • Erythrocytes (RBC)
  • Leukocytes (WBC)
  • Thrombocytes (platelets)
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20
Q

What percent of plasma is water?

A

91.5%

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21
Q

What percent of plasma is solutes/proteins?

A

8.5%

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22
Q

Thrombocytes description

A

Fragments of megakaryocytes
Aid in clotting
Anucleate (no nucleus)
Very small

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23
Q

Function of thrombocytes

A

Aid in clotting

24
Q

Erythrocyte description

A

Produced in red bone marrow
Anucleate
Contain hemoglobin

25
Q

What gives erythrocytes their red color?

A

Hemoglobin contains heme which is a red pigment

26
Q

polycythemia

A

abnormally high number of RBCs

27
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Hormone that stimulates RBC production

28
Q

Anemia

A

Deficiency of RBCs or hemoglobin that results in inadequate oxygen supply

29
Q

Leukocytes

A

Nucleates cells that attack pathogens and foreign substances in the body

30
Q

Granular leukocytes

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Basophils
  • Eosinophils
31
Q

Agranular leukocytes

A
  • Monocytes
  • Lymphocytes
32
Q

Leukocytosis

A

High number of functional WBCs

33
Q

Leukopenia

A

Low number of functional WBCs

34
Q

Granular
Multi-lobes
60-70% of leukocytes

A

Neutrophil

35
Q

What is the”first responder” to an infection site

A

Neutrophil

36
Q

Which leukocyte has an important role in inflammation and bacterial infection?

A

Neutrophil

37
Q

Agranular
Large nucleus
Small cytoplasm
25-33% of leukocytes

A

Lymphocyte

38
Q

Which leukocyte is mostly found in the lymphatic system?

A

lymphocyte

39
Q

Which leukocyte has a role in viral infections, cancer, and parasitic infections?

A

Lymphocyte

40
Q

Agranular
Largest WBC
Amorphous
Kidney shaped nucleus
3-8% of leukocytes

A

Monocyte

41
Q

Which leukocyte has a role in viral infections and inflammation?

A

Monocytes

42
Q

Granular
Bi-lobed
Big, pink granules
2-4% of leukocytes

A

Eosinophil

43
Q

Which leukocyte has a role in allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and autoimmune diseases?

A

Eosinophil

44
Q

Granular
Dark purple granules
No visible cytoplasm
Less than .5 of leukocytes

A

Basophil

45
Q

Which leukocyte has a role in allergic reactions, cancer, and hypothyroidism?

A

Basophil

46
Q

Which two enzymes are stored in basophil granules?

A

Histamine (vasodilator)
Heparin (anticoagulant)

47
Q

In a WBC differential, which leukocyte is up if a bacterial infection is present?

A

Neutrophil

48
Q

In a WBC differential, which leukocyte is up if a viral infection is present?

A

Lymphocyte

49
Q

In a WBC differential, which leukocyte is up if a viral infection with inflammation is present?

A

Monocyte

50
Q

In a WBC differential, which leukocyte is up if a parasite or allergy is present?

A

Eosinophil

51
Q

In a WBC differential, which leukocyte is up if an allergy is present?

A

Basophil

52
Q

Differential WBC

A

A test that determines a percentage of each of the five types of WBCs in a sample

53
Q

Hematocrit

A

Percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample

54
Q

Normal female hematocrit values

A

37-48%

55
Q

Normal male hematocrit value

A

42-52%

56
Q

Hematocrit =

A

( length of RBCs / length of all components ) x1 00

PSIO202 (15 decks)

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