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PSIO202 > Lab: Endocrine System > Flashcards

Lab: Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Tendency of a living body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions in spite of changes in its external environment

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

What is homeostasis also referred to as?

A

Dynamic steady state

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3
Q

Communication and coordination between cells to maintain homeostasis

A

Cell signaling

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4
Q

What does cell signaling involve?

A
  • Signaling cell
  • Signaling molecule
  • Target cell
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5
Q

Primary systems involved in cellular communication

A

Endocrine system
Nervous system

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6
Q

Pores in the plasma membrane

A

Gap Junctions

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7
Q

What do gap junctions do?

A

Enable cells to pass nutrients, electrolytes, and signaling molecules directly from cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of another cell

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8
Q

Local hormones that act on the same cell the secreted them

A

Autrocrine cell signaling

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9
Q

Local hormones that act on neighboring cells

A

Paracrine cells

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10
Q

auto means

A

self

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11
Q

-crine means

A

to screte

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12
Q

Circulating hormones that target a distant cell through the bloodstream

A

Endocrine cell signaling

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13
Q

How long does it take the nervous system take to transmit?

A

Fast - miliseconds

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14
Q

How long does it take the endocrine system to transmit hormones?

A

Hormone travel can take seconds to days

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15
Q

When does nervous system transmission stop?

A

When the stimulus stops

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16
Q

When does the endocrine system stop?

A

May continue responding long after the stimulus stops

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17
Q

System of the body made up of glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones

A

Endocrine system

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18
Q

Function of the endocrine system

A

Produce and secrete hormones that regulate the activity of cells/organs to maintain homeostasis

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19
Q

Chemical messenger that is secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels in the blood stream, and triggers a physiological response in distance cells with receptors

A

Hormone

20
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

“Adenohypophysis”
Glandular Tissue

21
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

“Neurohypophysis”
Nervous tissue

22
Q

Two hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary

A
  1. Oxytocin
  2. Antidiuretic hormone
23
Q

Hormone that stimulates uterine contractions and milk release during suckling

A

Oxytocin

24
Q

Where is oxytocin produced?

A

Hypothalamus

25
Q

Where is oxytocin stored?

A

In the posterior pituitary

26
Q

What is the target organ of oxytocin?

A

Uterus and mammary glands

27
Q

Hormone that promotes water retention

A

Antidiuretic hormone

28
Q

Where is ADH produced?

A

Hypothalamus

29
Q

Where is ADH stored?

A

Posterior pituitary

30
Q

Target organ of ADH

A

Kidneys

31
Q

How would ADH affect blood pressure?

A

If BP is low, signals can be sent back to the hypothalamus to increase ADH production

32
Q

Hormones that target another endocrine gland

A

Tropic hormones

33
Q

Which hormone stimulates widespread tissue growth?

A

Growth hormone (GH)

34
Q

Which hormone stimulates growth of the thyroid gland and secretion of its hormones?

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

35
Q

Which hormone stimulates sperm/oocyte production and estrogen secretion?

A

Gonadotropic hormones - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

36
Q

Which hormone triggers ovulation in females and testosterone in males?

A

Gonadotropic hormones - luteinizing hormone (LH)

37
Q

Which hormone stimulates milk synthesis?

A

Prolactin (PL)

38
Q

Which hormone stimulates growth of adrenal cortex and secretion of glucocoticoids?

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

39
Q

Which gland secretes melatonin?

A

Pineal

40
Q

What is the bridge of tissue called on the thyroid gland?

A

Isthmus

41
Q

Which hormone darkens skin tone?

A

Melano-cyte stimulating hormone

42
Q

Which two hormones do follicular cells secrete

A

T3 and T4

43
Q

What do T3 and T4 do?

A

Increase heat production and increase metabolic rate

44
Q

What do C cells secrete?

A

Calcitonin

45
Q

What do C cells stimulate?

A

Osteoblast activity and inhibit osteoclast activity

PSIO202 (15 decks)

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