Lab: Endocrine System Flashcards
Tendency of a living body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions in spite of changes in its external environment
Homeostasis
What is homeostasis also referred to as?
Dynamic steady state
Communication and coordination between cells to maintain homeostasis
Cell signaling
What does cell signaling involve?
- Signaling cell
- Signaling molecule
- Target cell
Primary systems involved in cellular communication
Endocrine system
Nervous system
Pores in the plasma membrane
Gap Junctions
What do gap junctions do?
Enable cells to pass nutrients, electrolytes, and signaling molecules directly from cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of another cell
Local hormones that act on the same cell the secreted them
Autrocrine cell signaling
Local hormones that act on neighboring cells
Paracrine cells
auto means
self
-crine means
to screte
Circulating hormones that target a distant cell through the bloodstream
Endocrine cell signaling
How long does it take the nervous system take to transmit?
Fast - miliseconds
How long does it take the endocrine system to transmit hormones?
Hormone travel can take seconds to days
When does nervous system transmission stop?
When the stimulus stops
When does the endocrine system stop?
May continue responding long after the stimulus stops
System of the body made up of glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones
Endocrine system
Function of the endocrine system
Produce and secrete hormones that regulate the activity of cells/organs to maintain homeostasis
Chemical messenger that is secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels in the blood stream, and triggers a physiological response in distance cells with receptors
Hormone
Anterior pituitary
“Adenohypophysis”
Glandular Tissue
Posterior pituitary
“Neurohypophysis”
Nervous tissue
Two hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary
- Oxytocin
- Antidiuretic hormone
Hormone that stimulates uterine contractions and milk release during suckling
Oxytocin
Where is oxytocin produced?
Hypothalamus
Where is oxytocin stored?
In the posterior pituitary
What is the target organ of oxytocin?
Uterus and mammary glands
Hormone that promotes water retention
Antidiuretic hormone
Where is ADH produced?
Hypothalamus
Where is ADH stored?
Posterior pituitary
Target organ of ADH
Kidneys
How would ADH affect blood pressure?
If BP is low, signals can be sent back to the hypothalamus to increase ADH production
Hormones that target another endocrine gland
Tropic hormones
Which hormone stimulates widespread tissue growth?
Growth hormone (GH)
Which hormone stimulates growth of the thyroid gland and secretion of its hormones?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Which hormone stimulates sperm/oocyte production and estrogen secretion?
Gonadotropic hormones - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Which hormone triggers ovulation in females and testosterone in males?
Gonadotropic hormones - luteinizing hormone (LH)
Which hormone stimulates milk synthesis?
Prolactin (PL)
Which hormone stimulates growth of adrenal cortex and secretion of glucocoticoids?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Which gland secretes melatonin?
Pineal
What is the bridge of tissue called on the thyroid gland?
Isthmus
Which hormone darkens skin tone?
Melano-cyte stimulating hormone
Which two hormones do follicular cells secrete
T3 and T4
What do T3 and T4 do?
Increase heat production and increase metabolic rate
What do C cells secrete?
Calcitonin
What do C cells stimulate?
Osteoblast activity and inhibit osteoclast activity
