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PSIO202 > Lab: Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Lab: Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries carry blood _____ from the heart

A

away

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2
Q

Veins carry blood _______ the heart

A

toward

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3
Q

Capillaries enter into

A

Venules

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4
Q

Capillaries

A

Site of exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases
Very small

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5
Q

Forms when smaller venules merge

A

veins

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6
Q

Arteries branch into smaller…

A

arterioles

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7
Q

In which vessel does each heart beat create a surge of pressure?

A

artery

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8
Q

Which vessel maintains it’s round shape even when empty due to it’s muscle?

A

arteries

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9
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Decreases diameter

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10
Q

Vasodilation

A

Increased diameter

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11
Q

Arteries have input from the _______ nervous system

A

Sympathetic

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12
Q

Relatively thin-walled vessel

A

Vein

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13
Q

Vessel with relatively low blood pressure

A

Vein

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14
Q

Vessel with steady blood flow

A

Vein

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15
Q

Vessel that expands easily and collapses when empty

A

Vein

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16
Q

Do veins or arteries have a greater capacity for blood?

A

Veins

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17
Q

5 ways of venous return to the heart

A
  1. Pressure gradient
  2. Gravity
  3. Skeletal muscle pump
  4. Respiratory pump
  5. Cardiac suction
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18
Q

Veins contain valves to…

A

prevent back flow

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19
Q

Veins contain valves to…

A

prevent back flow

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20
Q

3 layers of the blood vessel wall

A
  1. Tunica interna (intima)
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica externa (adventitia)
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21
Q

Components to the tunica interna

A
  1. Endothelium (simple squamous) (innermost)
  2. Basement membrane
  3. Internal elastic lamina
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22
Q

Only found in arteries because it allows for recoil and return to normal shape after stretch

A

Elastic lamina

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23
Q

Tunica media components

A
  1. Smooth muscle
  2. External elastic lamina(artery)
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24
Q

What is key to regulating diameter of a vessel?

A

External elastic lamina

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25
Q

Outer layer that provides support and protection of veins and arteries

A

Tunica externa

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26
Q

What fibers make the tunica externa?

A

Elastic and collagen fibers

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27
Q

What is the thickest layer in a vein?

A

Tunica externa

28
Q

In veins, what layer creates the valves?

A

Tunica interna

29
Q

What is the thickest layer in an artery?

A

Tunica media

30
Q

Which vessel contains a majority of blood and serves as a reservoir?

A

Vein

31
Q

Types of arteries

A
  • Elastic arteries
  • Muscular arteries
  • Arterioles
32
Q

Which type of artery has a large diameter?

A

Elastic arteries

33
Q

Which type of artery has a high amount of elastic fibers?

A

Elastic artery

34
Q

The aorta is an example of which type of artery?

A

Elastic artery

35
Q

Which type of artery has a small diameter?

A

Muscular artery

36
Q

Which type of artery has a high smooth muscle fiber content?

A

Muscle artery

37
Q

Which type of artery controls the blood flow into capillaries?

A

Arterioles

38
Q

Which type of artery regulates blood pressure?

A

Arterioles

39
Q

What vessel is made from a thing single endothelial layer?

A

Capillaries

40
Q

Which vessel is only wide enough for 1-2 RBCs?

A

Capillaries

41
Q

The thin walls of a capillary allows for exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases between _______ and _______ _____

A

Blood
Interstitial fluid

42
Q

3 types of capillaries

A
  1. Continuous
  2. Fenestrated
  3. Discontinuous
43
Q

Intercellular clefts

A

Space between cells

44
Q

Fenestrations

A

Pores in plasma membrane by a thin membrane

45
Q

Where can continuous capillaries be found?

A

Most tissue and organs.
Ex. Lungs + brain

46
Q

Which type of capillary is least permeable?

A

continuous capillaries

47
Q

What can pass the intercellular clefts of a continuous capillary?

A
  • small solutes
  • diffusion of gases
48
Q

Continuous capillary characterisitics

A
  • Tight junctions
  • Narrow intercellular clefts
  • Least permeable
49
Q

Fenestrated capillaries characteristics

A
  • Fenestrations
  • Rapid passage of small molecules
50
Q

Location of fenestrated capillaries

A

Organs with rapid absorption
Ex. Kidneys, endocrine glands, small intestine

51
Q

Discontinuous capillary characterisitics

A
  • Endothelial cells separated by wide gaps
  • No basal lamina
  • Most permeable
52
Q

What can pass through discontinuous capillaries?

A

Large molecules such as protein and blood cells

53
Q

Location of discontinuous capillaries

A

Liver
Bone marrow
Spleen
Pituitary gland

54
Q

Vessel that connects 2 capillary beds in series

A

Portal

55
Q

Vessel that allows for an alternate route of blood flow in case main route is blocked/damaged

A

Anastomosis

56
Q

Large, short vessel that immediately branches

A

Trunks

57
Q

There are several superficial veins found in the body. What purpose might these serve?

A

Thermoregulation

58
Q

Primary venous drainage of thoracic organs

A

Azygos system

59
Q

What receives blood from the hemiazygous vein and the accessory hemiazygos vein before emptying into the superior vena cava?

A

Azygos vein

60
Q

What is an example of a venous anastomoses

A

Azygos vein

61
Q

What is the function of hepatic portal circulation?

A

To filter our nutrients from digested food and to carry them through our circulation

62
Q

Neutrophil differential count

A

60-70%

63
Q

Eosinophil differential count

A

2-4%

64
Q

Basophil differential count

A

less than 0.5%

65
Q

Lymphocyte differential count

A

25-33%

66
Q

Monocyte differential count

A

3-8%

PSIO202 (15 decks)

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