Lab: Lymphatic and Immune System

Question 1

Organ system where immune cells are especially concentrated

Answer 1

Lymphatic system

Question 2

NOT an organ system
but a collection of cells that defend against agents of disease

Answer 2

Immune system

Question 3

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 3

Consists of a network of veinlike vessels that penetrate nearly every tissue of the body and a collection of tissues and organs that produce immune cells

Question 4

Functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 4

1. Fluid recovery
2. Immunity
3. Lipid absorption

Question 5

What does fluid recovery mean?

Answer 5

Collect/filter/return interstitial fluid

Question 6

Capillaries absorb what percent of interstitial fluid?

Answer 6

85%

Question 7

What percent of interstitial fluid is recovered by the lymphatic system?

Answer 7

15%
2-4L

Question 8

In the lymphatic system, where does ISF pass through before re-entering the blood stream?

Answer 8

Lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue

Question 9

Lacteals

Answer 9

Specialized lymphatic vessels in the small intestine

Question 10

What vitamins do lacteals absorb?

Answer 10

A, D, E, K
- lipid soluble vitamins

Question 11

Lymph

Answer 11

Clear, colorless fluid, that flows through lymphatic vessels

Question 12

Lymphatic vessels

Answer 12

Transport lymph

Question 13

Lymphatic organs

Answer 13

• Red bone marrow
• Thymus
• Lymph nodes
• Tonsils
• Spleen

Question 14

What is different between lymph and blood plasma?

Answer 14

They’re very similar but lymph is low in protein

Question 15

Does lymph flow use a pump?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

Terminal capillaries

Answer 16

Microscopic lymphatic vessels formed by thin endothelial cells that loosely overlap each other

Question 17

Collecting vessels

Answer 17

Lymphatic vessels that travel along veins and arteries that carry lymph to and from lymph nodes

Question 18

What is the site of T and B cell activation?

Answer 18

Lymph nodes

Question 19

Partially divide interior of node into compartments

Answer 19

Trabeculae with trabecular sinus

Question 20

Outer region of the lymph node

Answer 20

Cortex with subscapsular sinus

Question 21

Inner region of the lymph node

Answer 21

Medulla with medullary sinus

Question 22

Where lymph enters the lymph node

Answer 22

Afferent lymphatic vessels

Question 23

Where lymph exits the vessels

Answer 23

Efferent lymphatic vessels

Question 24

Cisterna chyli

Answer 24

A sac where two lumbar trunks and intestinal trunk join

Question 25

What are the two collecting ducts?

Answer 25

Right lymphatic duct Thoracic duct

Question 26

Has a capsule that separates the lymphatic tissue from neighboring tissue

Answer 26

Lymphatic organs

Question 27

Primary lymphatic tissue definition

Answer 27

Sites where lymphocytes are produced and become mature or immunocompetent

Question 28

Secondary lymphatic tissue definition

Answer 28

Site where immunocompetent lymphocytes migrate after they mature

Question 29

Immunocompetent definition

Answer 29

The ability of T cells and B cells to distinguish foreign molecules from self

Question 30

When do B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes become immunocompetent?

Answer 30

When they become capable of recognizing and responding to antigens

Question 31

Where can red bone marrow be found?

Answer 31

proximal heads of the humerus and femur

Question 32

Which type of cell reaches immunocompetence in red bone marrow?

Answer 32

B lymphocytes (B Cells)

Question 33

Which type of cell reaches immunocompetence in the thymus?

Answer 33

T lymphocytes (T) cells

Question 34

Aggregations of lymphatic nodules that guard against ingested and inhaled pathogens

Answer 34

tonsils

Question 35

Tonsilitis

Answer 35

Acute inflammation of palatine tonsils usually treated with antibiotics

Question 36

Tonsillectomy

Answer 36

Surgical removal of tonsils

Question 37

In a fetus, where are blood cells produced?

Answer 37

Spleen

Question 38

Largest lymphatic organ

Answer 38

Spleen

Question 39

Functions of the spleen

Answer 39

1. Monitors passing blood for antigens 2. Reserve of monocytes 2. Eliminates erythrocytes 4. Reservoir of thrombocytes

Question 40

Aggregations of lymphocytes in organs and connective tissues

Answer 40

Lymphatic tissues

Question 41

Prevents invading pathogens from infiltrating the mucous membranes of the body

Answer 41

Mucose-associated lymphatic tissue

Question 42

Where is mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue located?

Answer 42

Body passages open to exterior - Respiratory tract - Digestive tract - Urinary tract - Reproductive tract

Question 43

Dense masses of lymphocytes and macrophages

Answer 43

Lymphatic nodules

Question 44

Peyer's patches

Answer 44

Aggregations of nodules in small intestine

Question 45

What are thrombocytes fragments of?

Answer 45

Megakaryocytes

Question 46

Do thrombocytes have a nucleus?

Answer 46

No

Question 47

Where are erythrocytes produced?

Answer 47

Red bone marrow

Question 48

Where do T cells mature?

Answer 48

Thymus

Question 49

Types of T cells

Answer 49

1. Memory T cells 2. Helper T cells 3. Cytotoxic T cells

Question 50

Where do B cells mature?

Answer 50

Bone marrow

Question 51

Types of B cells

Answer 51

1. Memory B cells 2. Plasma cells

Question 52

Molecules capable of causing an immune response

Answer 52

Antigens

Question 53

Proteins secreted by plasma cells to bind a specific antigen and mark it for elimination or destruction

Answer 53

Antibodies (immunoglobulins)

Question 54

What types of lymphocytes respond more quickly to future infections by the same pathogen?

Answer 54

Memory T and memory B cells

Question 55

Mobile antigen-presenting cells that function similarly to macrophages

Answer 55

Dendritic cells

Question 56

Stationary antigen-presenting cells that are located in sinuses and bone marrow

Answer 56

Reticular cells

Question 57

Cells that kill cancer cells and other infected host cells

Answer 57

Natural Killer cells

Question 58

"Big eaters" that clear debris and present antigens to other cells

Answer 58

Monocytes --> Macrophages

Question 59

What are the antigen-presenting cells?

Answer 59

- B cells - Macrophages - Dendritic cells - Reticular cells

Question 60

What do antigen-presenting cells do when they encounter an antigen?

Answer 60

1. Internalize it 2. Digest it into fragments 3. Display relevant antigen fragments on membrane for T cells to inspect

Question 61

What is the blood type if A antigens are present on an Erythrocyte?

Answer 61

Type A

Question 62

What is the blood type if B antigens are present on an Erythrocyte?

Answer 62

Type B

Question 63

What is the blood type if both A and B antigens are present on an Erythrocyte?

Answer 63

Type AB

Question 64

What is the blood type if there are no antigens are present on an Erythrocyte?

Answer 64

Type O

Question 65

Describe the antibodies erythrocytes have

Answer 65

The body makes antibodies against antigens not found on one's own erythrocytes

Question 66

Why would someone with type A blood, not produce antibodies for the A antigen?

Answer 66

Anti-A antibodies would react with antigen A, and tag the cell for destruction

Question 67

When antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of erythrocytes causing clumping of erythrocytes

Answer 67

Agglutination

Question 68

What is the purpose of agglutination?

Answer 68

Prompt an immune reaction

Question 69

Why are agglutination and coagulation (clotting) different?

Answer 69

Agglutination is an immune response, coagulation is to prevent blood loss

Question 70

Transfusion reaction

Answer 70

Occurs when incompatible blood is given during a transfusion

Question 71

What would happen if someone with anti-A antibodies received type A blood?

Answer 71

- Agglutination follow by destruction of erythrocytes by hemolysis - Free hemoglobin can block kidney tubules and causes renal failure

Question 72

Hemolysis

Answer 72

bursting of blood cells