Lecture: Digestion

Question 1

How long is the duodenum?

Answer 1

10 inches

Question 2

How long is the jejunum?

Answer 2

3 feet

Question 3

How long is is ileum?

Answer 3

6 feet

Question 4

Functions of villi and microvilli

Answer 4

• Increase surface area
• Location of brush border enzymes
• Cell division

Question 5

Absorption of monosacharides into epithelial cells…

Answer 5

• glucose and galatose - sodium symporter
• fructose - facilitated diffusion

Question 6

Absorption of amino acids and dipeptides into epithelial cells of the duodenum and jejunum

Answer 6

Active transport with Na or H ions

Question 7

Celiac phase

Answer 7

• Receptors for sight, smell, and taste of food are activated
• Thoughts of food

Question 8

Gastric phase

Answer 8

• Stretch receptors in stomach detect distention
• Chemoreceptors detect increased pH of gastric juice

Question 9

Intestinal phase

Answer 9

• Stretch receptors detect distention of duodenum
• Chemoreceptors detect fatty acids and glucose

Question 10

What increases gastric gland secretions, motility, and causes pyloric sphincter relaxation?

Answer 10

Gastrin

Question 11

What decreases stomach secretions?

Answer 11

Secretin

Question 12

What decreases stomach emptying

Answer 12

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 13

Distention of the duodenum causes release of…

Answer 13

CCL and secretin

Question 14

Acidity in the SI causes secretin release which causes…

Answer 14

increased sodium bicarbonate release by the pancreas

Question 15

Fats and proteins in the SI cause CCK release, which causes…

Answer 15

increased digestive enzyme release by the pancreas

Question 16

Regulates the amount of chyme released into the duodenum

Answer 16

Enterogastric reflex

Question 17

When the stomach is full, gastrin hormone relaxed the ileocecal sphincter so the SI empties into the LI

Answer 17

Gastroileal reflex

Question 18

When the stomach fills, peristaltic waves move contents of transverse colon into rectum

Answer 18

Gastrocolic reflex

Question 19

When rectum fills, input of sacral spinal cord returns command to expel feces

Answer 19

Defecation reflex

Question 20

Which reactions break down complex organic compounds to provide energy

Answer 20

Catabolic

Question 21

Which reactions synthesize complex molecules from small molecules, requiring energy?

Answer 21

Anabolic

Question 22

Decrease in energy content of a molecule

Answer 22

Oxidation

Question 23

Increase in energy content of a molecule

Answer 23

Reduction

Question 24

Breakdown of glucose to pyruvate and lactate

Answer 24

Glycolysis

Question 25

Breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Answer 25

Glycogenolysis

Question 26

Formation of glycogen from glucose

Answer 26

Glycogenesis

Question 27

Formation of new glucose from other substrates

Answer 27

Gluconeogenesis