lecture 9 drugs

Question 1

iatrogenic illness

Answer 1

caused by doctors

Question 2

osteoblast

Answer 2

makes bone

Question 3

osteoclast type of cell

Answer 3

multinucleate

Question 4

osteoclast function

Answer 4

breaks down bone

Question 5

what regulates osteoclast production

Answer 5

osteoblasts

Question 6

what is OPG produced by

Answer 6

osteoblasts or stromal cells

Question 7

how do osteoclasts do their job

Answer 7

attatch to the bone and make a cieling zone and release protons and lysozymes and make a destructive environment

Question 8

what happens when bone is cleaved

Answer 8

calcium is released

Question 9

what is bisphosphate based on

Answer 9

pyrophosphate

Question 10

what does bisphosphate bind to

Answer 10

calcium

Question 11

what part of bisphosphate binds to calcium

Answer 11

two phosphate groups

Question 12

how do bisphosphates work

Answer 12

increase the apoptic rate of osteoclasts and blocks the production of them

Question 13

second generation of bisphosphonates

Answer 13

alendronate

Question 14

first generation of bisphosphonates

Answer 14

etidronate

Question 15

what type of bisphosphonate is nitrogen containing

Answer 15

alendronate

Question 16

facts about nitrogen containing

Answer 16

more potent

but patients dont tolerate as well

Question 17

bad side effect of nitrogen containing bisphosphonate

Answer 17

jaw necrosis

Question 18

how might bisphosphonates help with cancer

Answer 18

stopping metastasis

Question 19

raloxafen is a

Answer 19

SERM

Question 20

what is SERM

Answer 20

selective oestrogen receptor modulator

Question 21

risks of HRT to women

Answer 21

breast and ovrian cancer

Question 22

what responds to high calcium in the blood

Answer 22

thyroid

Question 23

what does the thyroid produce in response to high calcium in the blood

Answer 23

calcitonin

Question 24

what responds to low calcium in the blood

Answer 24

parathyroid hormone

Question 25

RA treatment options

Answer 25

DMARDs NSAIDs steroids biological agents

Question 26

what do NSAIDs target

Answer 26

COX enzyme

Question 27

what does the COX enzyme do

Answer 27

changes arachadonic acids into prostoglandins

Question 28

where do steroids act

Answer 28

in the nucleus

Question 29

problem with steroids

Answer 29

you have to take them off slowly as the adrenal gland stops producing its own steroids

Question 30

example of a DMARD

Answer 30

methatrexate

Question 31

how does methatrexate work

Answer 31

interferes with dihydrofolate reductase

Question 32

what is dihydrofolate eductase used for

Answer 32

to make DNA

Question 33

what type of drug is sulfasalazine

Answer 33

prodrug

Question 34

what is chloroquine used for

Answer 34

antimalarial and RA

Question 35

drugs ending with MAB

Answer 35

monoclonal antibodies

Question 36

last resort for RA

Answer 36

Cyclophosphamide