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block 12 anna > lecture 9 drugs > Flashcards

lecture 9 drugs Flashcards

1
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

caused by doctors

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2
Q

osteoblast

A

makes bone

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3
Q

osteoclast type of cell

A

multinucleate

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4
Q

osteoclast function

A

breaks down bone

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5
Q

what regulates osteoclast production

A

osteoblasts

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6
Q

what is OPG produced by

A

osteoblasts or stromal cells

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7
Q

how do osteoclasts do their job

A

attatch to the bone and make a cieling zone and release protons and lysozymes and make a destructive environment

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8
Q

what happens when bone is cleaved

A

calcium is released

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9
Q

what is bisphosphate based on

A

pyrophosphate

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10
Q

what does bisphosphate bind to

A

calcium

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11
Q

what part of bisphosphate binds to calcium

A

two phosphate groups

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12
Q

how do bisphosphates work

A

increase the apoptic rate of osteoclasts and blocks the production of them

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13
Q

second generation of bisphosphonates

A

alendronate

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14
Q

first generation of bisphosphonates

A

etidronate

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15
Q

what type of bisphosphonate is nitrogen containing

A

alendronate

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16
Q

facts about nitrogen containing

A

more potent

but patients dont tolerate as well

17
Q

bad side effect of nitrogen containing bisphosphonate

A

jaw necrosis

18
Q

how might bisphosphonates help with cancer

A

stopping metastasis

19
Q

raloxafen is a

A

SERM

20
Q

what is SERM

A

selective oestrogen receptor modulator

21
Q

risks of HRT to women

A

breast and ovrian cancer

22
Q

what responds to high calcium in the blood

A

thyroid

23
Q

what does the thyroid produce in response to high calcium in the blood

A

calcitonin

24
Q

what responds to low calcium in the blood

A

parathyroid hormone

25
Q

RA treatment options

A

DMARDs
NSAIDs
steroids
biological agents

26
Q

what do NSAIDs target

A

COX enzyme

27
Q

what does the COX enzyme do

A

changes arachadonic acids into prostoglandins

28
Q

where do steroids act

A

in the nucleus

29
Q

problem with steroids

A

you have to take them off slowly as the adrenal gland stops producing its own steroids

30
Q

example of a DMARD

A

methatrexate

31
Q

how does methatrexate work

A

interferes with dihydrofolate reductase

32
Q

what is dihydrofolate eductase used for

A

to make DNA

33
Q

what type of drug is sulfasalazine

A

prodrug

34
Q

what is chloroquine used for

A

antimalarial and RA

35
Q

drugs ending with MAB

A

monoclonal antibodies

36
Q

last resort for RA

A

Cyclophosphamide

block 12 anna (24 decks)

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