lecture 23 dementia

Question 1

main types of dementia

Answer 1

alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, lewy body dementia, frontotemporal

Question 2

what are the 5 As of alzheimers

Answer 2

Amnesia, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia and associated features

Question 3

aphasia

Answer 3

problem with speech

Question 4

apraxia

Answer 4

motor damage

Question 5

affective disorder

Answer 5

mood

Question 6

hyperoyality

Answer 6

people wanting to put things in their mouth

Question 7

late stages of alzheimers

Answer 7

loss of speech, psychotic symptoms, gait disturbances, seizures and malnutrition

Question 8

what is commonly atrophied in alzeimers

Answer 8

medial temporal lobes and the parietal-temporal lobe

Question 9

what happens to the gyri and sulci in alzheimers

Answer 9

sulci are widened and gyri are narrowed

Question 10

what happens to the ventricles in alzheimers

Answer 10

dilated

Question 11

what type of cell does alzheimers tissue have less of

Answer 11

nerve cells

Question 12

what is the pathology of alzheimers

Answer 12

plaques and tangles

Question 13

what are the plaques in alzheimers made up of

Answer 13

abnormal clusters of protein fragments, this is amyloid precursor protein

Question 14

do the plaques affect the normal physiology in alzheimers

Answer 14

the proteins build up between neurons and disrupt cell signalling
signals an inflammatory response

Question 15

what are the tangles

Answer 15

abnormally twisted tau protein

Question 16

what are tau proteins for

Answer 16

tau proteins give cells structure and are a pathway for signalling and allow metabolites between cells

Question 17

what treatments are there for alzheimers

Answer 17

memantine
acetylecholinesterases
NMDA antagonists

Question 18

what is memantine

Answer 18

N-methyl D aspartate receptor antagonist

Question 19

what do NMDA antagonists do

Answer 19

reduce the amount of glutamate

Question 20

who would you give NMDA antagonists

Answer 20

people with challenging behavioural symptoms

Question 21

where is the problem in vascular dementia

Answer 21

vessels in the brain

Question 22

describe the decline of vascular dementia

Answer 22

stepwise

Question 23

apathy

Answer 23

lack of interest

Question 24

what would you do for vascular dementia

Answer 24

lifestyle changes

aspirin, clopidogrel, warfarin

Question 25

common syndromes of frontotemporal dementia

Answer 25

frontal type, progressive nonfluent aphasia and semantic dementia

Question 26

what would you see looking at a frontal dementia brain

Answer 26

atrophy of the frontal lobe

Question 27

what would you see looking at a progressive nonfluent aphasia brain

Answer 27

dominant perisylvian atrophy

Question 28

semantic dementia brain

Answer 28

dominant anterior temporal atrophy