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block 12 anna > lecture 16 CNS disorders > Flashcards

lecture 16 CNS disorders Flashcards

1
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

nerves either after they leave the spinal cord or before they join the spinal cord

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3
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

parasympathtic and sympathetic

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4
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe and the cerebellum

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5
Q

frontal lobe functions

A

intellectual function, praxis, inhibition, bladder continence, saccadic eye movement, motor function and expression of language

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6
Q

what is the praxis

A

planning movements

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7
Q

inhibition

A

appropriate behaviour

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8
Q

what numbs the inhibition part of the brain

A

alcohol

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9
Q

saccadic

A

voluntary eye movements

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10
Q

frontal lobe dementia

A

disinhibited behaviour, change in appetite to sweet tooth, reduced sense of smell, bladder dysfunction, gait apraxia and progressive motor dysphasia

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11
Q

dysphasia

A

deficiency in speech

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12
Q

gait apraxia

A

feet get stuck to the ground

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13
Q

brodmans area 4

A

motor strip

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14
Q

where is the face found on the motor strip

A

more laterally

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15
Q

lateral part of the brain is supplied by

A

middle cerebral artery

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16
Q

middle part of the brain is supplied by

A

anterior cerebral artery

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17
Q

where do the fibres go from the motor strip

A

corona radiata and then to the internal capsule

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18
Q

where do the motor fibres go after the internal capsule

A

cerebral peduncles in the midbrain

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19
Q

where do the motor fibres cross

A

medulla

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20
Q

where do the motor fibres run after they have decussated in the medulla

A

corticospinal tracts

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21
Q

what is the other tract than corticospinal

A

posterior columns

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22
Q

middle cerebral artery stroke

A

upper motor neurons facial weakness, if it is the dominant hemisphere there will be expressive dysphasia and the arm will be affected more than the leg

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23
Q

stroke of the anterior cerebral artery

A

leg affected more than arm, speech not affected face fine

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24
Q

temporal lobe function

A

memory, smell, hearing, vestibular and emotion

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25
Q

where is the atrophy in altzeimers

A

temporal lobe

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26
Q

area for vision

A

occipital lobe

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27
Q

where is the occipital lobe

A

at the back

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28
Q

parietal lobe function

A

sensory intergration

receptive language

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29
Q

what is sensory intergration

A

making sense of what you hear

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30
Q

dyslexics have a problem with

A

parietal lobe

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31
Q

parietal lobe lesion in the dominant lobe

A

dyslexia, acalculia, poor left/right discrimination and finger agnosia

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32
Q

parietal lobe lesion in the non dominant lobe

A

visuospatial apraxia and sensory extinction

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33
Q

Acalculia

A

counting

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34
Q

finger agnosia

A

cant tell which finger is which

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35
Q

sensory extinction

A

ignoring half the body

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36
Q

lesion in either parietal lobe

A

agraphasthesia, astereognosis, decreased 2 point discrimination and stimultangnosia

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37
Q

Agraphasthesia

A

cant recognise writting on the skin by touch

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38
Q

Astereognosis

A

cant recognise an object by touch

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39
Q

two big groups of sensory tracts

A

spnothalamic

posterior columns

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40
Q

what does pain and temperature run in

A

spinothalamic

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41
Q

what type of fibres are the pain and temp ones

A

small myelinated

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42
Q

what are the posterior columns for

A

joint position sense

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43
Q

where do the posterior columns cross

A

medulla

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44
Q

where does the spinothalamic cross

A

at the level the nerve atnters the spinal cord

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45
Q

brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

46
Q

midbrain cranial nerves

A

3 and 4

47
Q

pons cranial nerves

A

5, 6, 7 and 8

48
Q

medulla cranial nerves

A

9, 10, 11 and 12

49
Q

what other structures are found in the brain stem

A

red nucleus

substantia nigra

50
Q

what is the substantia nigra for

A

dopamine production

51
Q

what is the red nucleus in relation to

A

co-ordination

52
Q

if you have a lesion of the red nucleus what symptoms will you get

A

contralateral tremor

53
Q

what colour is the substantia nigra

A

black

54
Q

what is dopamine the precursr of

A

melanin

55
Q

weber midbrain syndrom

A

stroke of the medial midbrain

56
Q

what are the effects of weber midbrain sydrome

A

ipsilateral oculomotor palsy and contralateral motor dysfunction

57
Q

wallenburg syndrome

A

lateral medullary syndrome

58
Q

what is blocked in wallenburg syndrome

A

inferior posterior cerebellar atery

59
Q

three functional parts of the cerbellum

A

vestibulocerbellum
spinocerebellum
and the lateral hemispheres

60
Q

where is the vestibulocerebellum

A

midline

61
Q

where is the spinocerebellum

A

either side of the midline

62
Q

what is the midline of the cerebellum called

A

vermis

63
Q

what is the vestibulocerbellum involved in

A

balance

64
Q

what affects the vermis

A

alcohol

65
Q

spinocerbellum functions

A

postural tone

66
Q

pontocerebellum function

A

fine coordination

67
Q

staccato

A

jerky, fragmented

68
Q

scanning

A

explosive speech

69
Q

hypotonia

A

lack of tone

70
Q

dysmetria

A

past pointing - distance

71
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

rapid alternating movement

72
Q

what side are cerebellar lesions symptoms on

A

ipsilateral

73
Q

what is the cerebellar lesion acronym

A

VANISHD

74
Q

what does the VANISHD stand for

A 
vertigo
ataxia
nystagmus
intention tremor
slurred speech
hypotonia
dysmetria and dysdiadochakinesia
75
Q

lateral geniculate of the thalamus is for

A

vision

76
Q

medial geniculate of the thalamus is for

A

hearing

77
Q

ventroposterior thalamus

A

sensation

78
Q

anterior thalamus

A

limbic

79
Q

cranial nerve 1

A

optic

80
Q

posative symptoms of the brain could be due to

A

migraine

81
Q

negative signs are more likely to be

A

stroke

82
Q

papilledema is

A

raised pressure

83
Q

muscle innervation in the eye

A

SO4, LR6 and the rest are three

84
Q

oculomotor nerve lesion

A

looking down
pupil dilation
ptosis

85
Q

ptosis

A

eye lid drooping

86
Q

horners syndrome signs

A

drooping eyelid and constricted pupil

87
Q

what is horners syndrome a problem with

A

sympathetic nerve

88
Q

in the third cranial nerve where do the parasympathetic nerve fibers run

A

on the outside

89
Q

problem with trochlear nerve signs

A

cant look down and in

90
Q

problem with abducens they cant look

A

lateraly

91
Q

midbrain cranial nerves

A

3 and 4

92
Q

pons cranial nerves

A

5, 6, 7 and 8

93
Q

medulla cranial nerves

A

9, 10, 11 and 12

94
Q

accessorty nerve palsy

A

cant shrug shoulders

95
Q

top half of the face is fine, bottom half is fooked, what is the problem

A

upper motor neurone lesion

96
Q

Hyperacusis

A

increased sensitivity to sound

97
Q

dysarthria

A

difficulty with speech

98
Q

UMNL reflex, tone and power

A

increased tone
decreased power
increased reflex

99
Q

LMNL reflex, tone and power

A

decreased
decreased
decreased

100
Q

posterior columns is for

A

joint position

101
Q

which tract do the majority of the motor fibres run in

A

lateral corticospinal tract

102
Q

in the corticospinal tract in the spinal cord what is more lateral legs or arms

A

legs are more lateral

103
Q

so if there is a lesion pressing on the spinal cord on the corticospinal tract what will be more affceted

A

legs

104
Q

in the posterior columns what is more lateral

A

arms

105
Q

ankle reflex

A

S1 and S2

106
Q

knee reflex

A

L3 and L4

107
Q

supinator biceps reflex

A

C5 and C6

108
Q

triceps reflex

A

C7 and C8

109
Q

parkinsonian gait

A

small steps shuffling

110
Q

frontal lesion gait

A

small steps

111
Q

antalgic gait

A

limp

112
Q

high steppage gait

A

peripheral neuropathy

block 12 anna (24 decks)

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