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Physci 107 > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the conducting zone

A

the nose, nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree

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2
Q

What are the functions of the conducting zone

A

allows air while away and asleep
warms and filters air
conducts speech

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3
Q

What is midline of the nasal cavity?

A

nasal septum

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4
Q

What is superior line of the nasal cavity?

A

cribriform plate

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5
Q

What is the inferior line of the nasal cavity?

A

hard and soft plate

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6
Q

What is lateral line of the nasal cavity?

A

3 conchae, each with meaatus below

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7
Q

What lines the nasal cavity

A

respiratory epithelium

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8
Q

What epithelial cells are in the nasal cavity

A

columnar epithelium with cilia

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9
Q

what cells in the nasal cavity secrete mucus

A

mucous cellos

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10
Q

what cells in the nasal cavity secret a watery substance with digestive enzymes

A

serous cells

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11
Q

what cells in the nasal cavity are an extra cellular matrix for epithelium

A

basal lamina

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12
Q

what cells in the nasal cavity act as a supporting system for epithelium

A

lamina propia

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13
Q

___________ is the 6 inch skeletal muscle tube connecting nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus

A

pharynx

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14
Q

_____________- serves only for air and food passage, posterior to nasal cavity, auditory tube, lined with respiratory type epithelium

A

nasopharynx

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15
Q

_______________ serves for air and food passage , posterior to oral cavity, extends from soft palate to epeiglottis

A

oropharynx

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16
Q

during swallowing _______________ moves superiorly to keep food out of nasal cavity

A

soft palate

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17
Q

The epithelium in the eorropharynx is different from columnar eepithelium it is now ______________

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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18
Q

__________________ framework of cartilage suspended from the hyoid bone

A

larynx

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19
Q

What are the 3 functions of the larynx

A
  • sound production
  • another airway
  • switching mechanism food/air
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20
Q

_____________ is inferior to mandible in anterior part of jaw, is a c shaped bone attached to tongue, neck muscles move it up and down

A

hyoid bone

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21
Q

__________ is c shaped cartilage seen externally as an Adams apple and is attached to the hyoid bone by the ethyrohyoid bone. Large in males after puberty

A

thyroid cartilage

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22
Q

ring shaped cartilage, anchored to thyroid cartilage by crcothyroid membrane

A

cricoid cartilage

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23
Q

__________ spoon shaped elastic cartilage. Stalk attached anterior thyroid cartilage, hyoid bone, and base of the tongue

A

epiglottis

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24
Q

what are the 3 functions of the epiglottis

A
  1. keeps airway open
  2. closes airway during swallowing
  3. reflex cough to expel things out of airway
25
Q

____________________ most important of the 3 pairs of small cartilages-

A

arytenoid cartilages

26
Q

vocal ligaments are attached to _________ anteriorly and ____________ posteriorly

A

thyroid cartilage

arytenoid cartilage

27
Q

____________ cover the vocal ligament. These are the vocal cords

A

avascular mucosal folds

28
Q

skeletal muscles intrinsic to the larynx move arytenoids to change the size of the _________________

29
Q

__________ is the opening between the two vocal cords

30
Q

somatic motor neurons innervate for intrinsic laryngea muscles from the _____________

A

vegas nerve

31
Q

_________________- is c shaped cartilage that is incomplete. The esophagus lays posterior to this

32
Q

what type of epithelium in trachea

A

psedustratified ciliated epithelium

33
Q

what does the techie eventually divide into

A

right and left bronchi

34
Q

________________ enters right lung and has 3 lobes

A

right primary bronchus. Is short and wide

35
Q

________________ enters the left lung and has 2 lobes

A

left primary bronchi

36
Q

_________________- are broken off from primary bronchi

A

secondary or lobar bronchi

37
Q

____________________ form bronchopulomary segments. There are 10 per lung, and each ventilates aa separate segment of the lung

A

tertiary bronchi

38
Q

_________ are less than 1mm in diameter

A

brinchiiioles

39
Q

___________- are less than 0.5 mm in diameter- structural changes as the tubes get smaller

A

terminal bronchioles

40
Q

What are the epithelial changes as we move from bronchioles to terminal bronchioles

A

it becomes thin and simple. mucus stops being secreted

41
Q

What are the smooth muscles changes

A

smooth muscle increase. Sympathetic innervation causes airways to open, parasympathetic innervation causes innervation of constricting pathways

42
Q

area for gas exchange is _______________

43
Q

___________ surround alveoli and are involved in gas exchange

A

capillaries

44
Q

thoracic cavity is divided into 2 cavities

A

pleural, pericardial

45
Q

pleural cavity is lined with

A

parietal anad visceral cavity

46
Q

-______ lines the rib cage

A

parietal pleura

47
Q

________________ aatxaahced to the Lung

A

visceral Plura

48
Q

____________ space between pleura that allows lungs to inflate

A

pleura cavity

49
Q

what is the function of the pleural fluid

A

to lubricate and aid in lung movement

50
Q

_______________ hold the lungs and allows then to expand in chest wall

A

Negative intrapleural pressure

51
Q

_______ is a skeletal muscle innervated by the phrenic nerve

52
Q

_________ allow ribs to expand and contract when breathing

A

external intercostal muscles

53
Q

Expiration is

A

passive at rest

54
Q

force expiration

A

requires muscles and energy

55
Q

respiratory center in the ________ has pacemaker neurons that fire spontaneously and control rhythmic breathing

56
Q

diaphragm innervated by somatic motor neurons form the ____________

A

phrenic naves

57
Q

____________ is the strong contraction of bronchial smooth muscle and increased inflammation

58
Q

_________ can relax the smooth muscles around the bronchioles during an attack

A

inhaled drugs. anti-inflammatory is used long term

59
Q

_________________ associated with smoking, iT is chronic inflammation and irreversible destruction oof elasticity in lung tissues. Permanent enlargement and deterioration of alveoli

Physci 107 (22 decks)

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